IMPACT OF NATO’S COUNTER TERRORISM ELEMENTS, TOOLS AND POLICIES ON GLOBAL SECURITY AFTER 2001

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 397 - 424, 24.11.2021

Güngör Şahin , Rabia Güngörsen

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.1028636

Öz

The aim of the study is to examine the elements, tools and policies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the fight against terrorism after 2001. This study is important in order to understand how NATO, which has been operating within the scope of collective defense, crisis management and cooperative security understanding for seventy-two years, maintains its influence in the international system with its counter-terrorism strategies. The qualitative research method was employed in the study and the alliance summit declarations and the concepts of combating terrorism and the existing literature were referred to. Findings of the study; “After the 9/11 attacks, the alliance underwent a transformation and created new elements, tools and policies to combat terrorism. NATO will continue to contribute more to the fight against transnational terrorism and to international peace and stability if it creates a shared perspective among alliance members.”

Anahtar Kelimeler

Security, Concept, NATO, Strategy, Terrorism.

2001 SONRASI NATO’NUN TERÖRİZMLE MÜCADELE UNSUR, ARAÇ VE POLİTİKALARININ KÜRESEL GÜVENLİĞE ETKİSİ

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Örgütü’nün (NATO) 2001 sonrası terörizmle mücadeledeki unsur, araç ve politikalarını incelemektir. Bu çalışma yetmiş iki yıldır kolektif savunma, kriz yönetimi ve işbirliğine dayalı güvenlik anlayışı kapsamında varlığını sürdüren NATO’nun terörizmle mücadele stratejileri ile uluslararası sistemdeki etkisini nasıl koruduğunu anlamak adına önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve İttifak zirve bildirileri ve terörizmle mücadele konseptleri ile mevcut literatürden istifade edilerek incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları; “11 Eylül saldırıları sonrasında İttifak bir dönüşüm geçirmiş ve terörizmle mücadele için yeni unsur, araç ve politikalar oluşturmuştur. NATO, ittifak üyeleri arasında müşterek bir bakış açısı oluşturduğu takdirde ulus ötesi terörizm ile mücadeleye, uluslararası barış ve istikrara daha fazla katkı sağlamaya devam edecektir.’’

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güvenlik, Konsept, NATO, Strateji, Terörizm.

Kaynakça

• Anadolu Ajansı (2018). Zeytin Dalı Harekatı'yla ilgili 10 soruya 10 cevap, Erişim Tarihi: 2 Şubat 2021, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gunun-basliklari/zeytin-dali-harekatiyla-ilgili-10-soruya-10-cevap/1043485
• Arı, T. (2013) Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri Çatışma, Hegemonya, İşbirliği, MKM Yayıncılık, 8.Baskı, Bursa
• Bird, J. (2015). NATO’s Role in Counter-Terrorism. Perspectives On Terrorism, Vol 9, No 2. Erişim Tarihi: 15 Aralık 2020, http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/ pt/index.php/pot/article/view/419/html
• Bracknell, B. (2016). NATO Approaches in Response to ISIL and International Terrorism. The International Lawyer. Vol. 49, No. 3
• Bush and Gorbachev Declare End of Cold War, Erişim Tarihi: 15 Kasım 2020, https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/bush-and-gorbachev-declare-end-of-cold-war-video
• Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism. HISTORY OF COE-DAT, Erişim Tarihi: 23 Aralık 2020, https://www.tmmm.tsk.tr/history.html
• Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism. What is a COE. Erişim Tarihi: 23 Aralık 2020, https://www.tmmm.tsk.tr/functions.html
• Gofas, A. (2012). 'Old' vs. 'New' Terrorism: What's in a Name?, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Volume 8, No 32. 17-32.
• Gomes, A. De. T. ve Mikhael, M. M. (2018). Terror or Terrorism? Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State in Comparative Perspective, A Journal Of The Brazilian Political Science Association, 12 (1), 1-27.
• Harvard International Law Journal. Intelligence Fusion Centre (IFC) Opens in Britain, Erişim Tarihi:25 Aralık 2020, https://harvardilj.org/2006/10/ intelligence-fusion-centre-ifc-opens-in-britain/
• Hellmann, G.ve Wolf. R. (1993). Neorealism, Neoliberal Institutionalism, And The Future Of NATO. SECURITY STUDIES, 3. No 1, Published by Frank Cass, London, 3- 43.
• Karaosmanoğlu, A. (2012, Aralık). NATO’nun Dönüşümü. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1. Baskı, İstanbul, (Ed.) Mustafa Aydın.
• Loringhoven, A.F.V (2017). Adapting NATO intelligence to support "One NATO", Erişim Tarihi:25 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/docu/review/ articles/2017/09/08/adapting-nato-intelligence-in-support-of-one-nato/index. html
• Loringhoven, A.F.V. (2019). A new era for NATO intelligence, Erişim Tarihi: 30 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/docu/review/articles/2019/10/29/a-new-era-for-nato-intelligence/index.html
• Mekaj, G. (2020). Globalization and Rise of Terrorism, Path of Science. Vol. 6, No 9, 5001-5009.
• Molla, A. (2008). NATO Savunma Politikaları Çerçevesinde Türk-Amerikan İlişkilerinin Analizi. (Doktora Tezi), İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• NATO Communications and Information – NCI. Who we are, Erişim Tarihi: 20 Ocak 2021, https://www.ncia.nato.int/about-us/who-we-are.html
• NATO Communications and Information – NCI, Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, Erişim Tarihi: 20 Ocak 2021, https://www.ncia.nato.int/ what-we-do/joint-intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance.html
• NATO (2002). Statement by the Secretary General on the conclusion of Operation Eagle Assist, Erişim Tarihi: 15 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/docu/update/ 2002/04-april/e0430a.htm
• NATO (2002). Prague Summit Declaration, Erişim Tarihi: 15 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_19552.htm
• NATO (2004). ISTANBUL SUMMIT READER’S GUIDE, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/docu/rdr-gde-ist/rdr-gde-ist-e.pdf
• NATO (2007). RIGA SUMMIT READER’S GUIDE, Erişim Tarihi: 2 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/docu/rdr-gde-riga/rdr-gde-riga-e.pdf
• NATO (2008). Bucharest Summit Declaration, Erişim Tarihi: 4 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_8443.htm
• NATO (2008). Combating Terrorism At Sea, Active Endeavour, Erişim Tarihi: 17 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_2006_09/201003 D011B221E26B40D891C22D0CA8A7D9AC_active_endeavour2008-e.pdf
• NATO (2009). Strasbourg / Kehl Summit Declaration, Erişim Tarihi: 9 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_52837.htm?mode=pressrelease
• NATO (2010). Lisbon Summit Declaration, Erişim Tarihi: 12 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_68828.htm#terrorism
• NATO (2011). First live NATO-Russia counter-terrorism exercise in the skies, Erişim Tarihi: 14 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_75376.htm?selectedLocale=en#:~:text=First%20live%20NATO%2DRussia%20counter%2Dterrorism%20exercise%20in%20the%20skies,-06%20Jun.&text=Polish %2C%20Russian%20and%20Turkish%20fighter,between%206%20and%2010%20June.
• NATO – RUSSIA COUNCIL (2012). NRC Exercise Tests Responses to Simulated Terrorist Attack, Erişim Tarihi: 14 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/nrc-website/en/articles/2012-04-12-nrc-counter-terrorism-exercise/index.html
• NATO (2012). Chicago Summit Declaration, Erişim Tarihi: 16 Ocak 2021 https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_87593.htm?selectedLocale=en
• NATO (2014). Wales Summit Declaration, Erişim Tarihi: 23 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_112964.htm
• NATO (2014). NATO’s Defence Against Terrorism Program, Emerging Security Challenges Division, Erişim Tarihi: 28 Aralık 2020,https://www.nato.int/ nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2014_10/20151029_141007-dat-prog.pdf
• NATO (2015). ABOUT THE CIVILIAN INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE (CIC), Erişim Tarihi: 20 Aralık 2020, https://carleton.ca/mnato/wp-content/uploads/ CIC-Briefing-Memo2016.pdf
• NATO (2016). Warsaw Summit Communiqué, Erişim Tarihi: 28 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133169.htm#terrorism
• NORTH ATLANTİC MİLİTARY COMMITTE. (2016). MC 0472/1, MC CONCEPT FOR COUNTER-TERRORISM, Erişim Tarihi: 10 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/topics_pdf/20160905_160905-mc-concept-ct.pdf
• NATO (2018). Brussels Summit Declaration, Erişim Tarihi: 5 Şubat 2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_156624.htm
• NATO (2018). Defence Against Terrorism Programme of Work (DAT POW), A unique initiative by lead nations, Erişim Tarihi: 30 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_50313.htm
• NATO (2019). Countering terrorism, Milestones in NATO’s work on counter-terrorism, Erişim Tarihi: 17 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/ natohq/topics_77646.htm
• NATO (2019) London Declaration, Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_171584.htm
• NATO (2020). COUNTER-TERRORISM REFERENCE CURRICULUM, Erişim Tarihi: 12 Şubat 2021, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2020 /6/pdf/200612-DEEP-CTRC.pdf
• NATO (2020). NATO launches Counter-Terrorism Reference Curriculum, Erişim Tarihi: 10 Şubat 2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_176304.htm
• NATO (2020). Operations and missions: past and present, Current Operations and Missions, Erişim Tarihi: 20 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/ topics_52060.htm
• NATO (2020). Operations and missions: past and present, Terminated operations and missions, Erişim Tarihi: 15 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq /topics_52060.htm
• NATO (2020). Operations and Missions: Past and Present, Terminated Operations and Missions, International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan, Erişim Tarihi: 27 Aralık 2020, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq /topics_52060.htm
• NATO (2021). NATO and Afghanistan, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2021, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_8189.htm
• NATO (2021). Resolute Support Mission, Erişim Tarihi: 22 Şubat 2021, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2021/2/pdf/2021-02-RSM-Placemat.pdf
• Nevers, R.de. (2007). NATO’s International Security Role in the Terrorist Era. International Security.
• Sens, A.G. (2006). Riga ve Sonrası: NATO’nun Siyasi Dönüşümü. NATO Dergisi, Erişim Tarihi: 19 Kasım 2020, https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2006/issue4/ turkish/analysis3.html Shea, J. (2002). NATO and Terrorism. The RUSI Journal
• Şahin, G. (2015). Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Değişen Güvenlik Anlayışı Bağlamında NATO. (Doktora Tezi), Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Edirne
• TRT Haber (2019). MSB: TSK sahada DEAŞ ile mücadele eden tek NATO ülkesi ordusu, Erişim Tarihi: 2 Şubat 2021, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/ msb-tsk-sahada-deas-ile-mucadele-eden-tek-nato-ulkesi-ordusu-434685.html
• Varlık, A.B. (2020). NATO’s Military Structure: Change and Continuity. Akademik Bakış, Cilt:13, Sayı: 26: Yaz, 113-134
• Yiğittepe, L. (2017). NATO Güvenlik Politikaları ve Terörle Mücadele Stratejileri. Cinius Yayınları. İstanbul.
• Quanten, K. (2019). What NATO’s counter-terrorism strategy?. NATO Defence College, Research Division, No:12, 1-4, https://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news .php?icode=1323