ULUSLARARASI HUKUK KAPSAMINDA OTONOM SİLAH SİSTEMLERİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 333 - 366, 30.11.2022

Berkant Akkuş

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.1078155

Öz

Bu makale otonom silah sistemleri ile uluslararası insancıl hukukun uygunluğunu araştırmaktadır. Uluslararası insancıl hukukun ana ilkeleri olan ayırt etme ilkesi, ölçülülük ilkesi, önleme ilkesi, askeri gereklilik ve insanlık ilkesi doğrultusunda, insan olmayan savaşçıların kullanıldığı risksiz savaş kavramının etkileri araştırmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu makale otonom silah sistemlerinin uluslararası insancıl hukuk normlarıyla uyumlu olabileceğini varsayarak; otonom silah sistemlerinin nasıl sınıflandırılacağını, doğacak zararlardan oluşan sorumluluğun kime atfedileceğinin devletin, operatörün, yazılımcının ve komutanın sorumluluğunun belirlenmesi dahil gelişen teknoloji doğrultusunda hukuki altyapının nasıl yorumlanması gerektiğini tartışmaktadır. Martens kaydı, özellikle ortaya çıkan teknolojinin insanlık ilkelerine ve kamu vicdanının emirlerine uymasını gerektirir. İnsanlık ilkeleri, başkalarına insanca muamele edilmesini ve insan yaşamına ve onuruna saygı gösterilmesini gerektirir. Kritik işlevler üzerinde anlamlı bir insan kontrolünden yoksun olan silahlar bu ilkelere uymayacaktır. Makalenin sonuçları, hedef seçimi ve angajman gibi önemli işlevleri otonom bir şekilde yerine getirebilen silah sistemleri geliştirmenin ve kullanmanın hukuki sonuçlarını ve bu silahların kullanımını, özellikle bireysel saldırılar üzerinde anlamlı insan kontrolünde uluslararası insan hakları hukuku ve uluslararası insancıl hukukun düzenlemedeki rolünü gösterecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otonom Silah Sistemleri, Uluslararası Hukuk, Yapak Zeka

AUTONOMOUS WEAPON SYSTEMS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW

Öz

The article questions the compliance of autonomous weapons systems with international humanitarian law (IHL). It seeks to answer this question by analysing the application of the core principles of international humanitarian law with regard to the use of autonomous weapons systems. As part of the discussion on compliance, the article also considers the implications of riskless warfare where non-human agents are used. The article presupposes that it is actually possible for AWS to comply with IHL in very broad and general terms. However, there is a need for discussion, acceptance, and institutionalization of the interpretation for classification of AWS as well as expansion of the legal framework to cater to the advanced technology. This interpretation will also include a system for allocating and attributing responsibility for their use. The article's results will demonstrate the legal consequences of developing and employing weapon systems capable of performing important functions like target selection and engagement autonomously and the role of IHL and IHRL in regulating the use of these weapons, particularly in human control over individual assaults.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Autonomous Weapon Systems, International Law, Artificial Intelligence

Kaynakça

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