Increasing Role of China on Energy Geopolitics and Reshaping of U.S. Energy Policy

Öz

In this study it is examined US reshaped energy policy. Recently US has need to reshape its energy policy becasue of the fact that some changings have occured in international system and its domestic politics. In that respect China’s increasing influence on global energy geopolitcs has become most significant factor in shaping US energy policy. Besides increasing of its economic and military power, boosting number of population of China have caused to ascend Chinese role in global energy geopolitics. In order to satisfy its energy needs China has developed its relations with Middle Asian countries and Russia and has increased its influence on African region. Two energy resources which cause to increase energy competation between US and China have become oil and natural gas. Nevertheless highest level of relations between Middle Eastern countries and US and also US national and multinational energy companies have enabled US to become leader in global energy geopolitics. From this perspective, the study emphasize that thanks to reshaped energy policies of US and its energy companies US has still leading role in global energy geopolitics

Çin’in Enerji Jeopolitiğinde Artan Rolü ve ABD’nin Enerji Politikasının Yeniden Şekillenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada ABD’nin yeniden şekillenen enerji politikası incelenmektedir. Son dönemlerde ABD uluslararası sistemde ve iç politikasındaki yaşanan değişimlerle birlikte enerji politikasını yeniden şekillendirmek zorunda kalmıştır. ABD’nin enerji politikasını yeniden belirlemesinde uluslararası sistemdeki değişkenlerden en önemlisi Çin’in küresel enerji jeopolitiğinde artan etkisi olmuştur. Son dönemlerde Çin’in artan askeri ve ekonomik gücünün yanı sıra artan nüfusu küresel enerji jeopolitiğindeki etkisinin artmasını kaçınılmaz kılmıştır. Çin enerji ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için Orta Asya ülkeleri ve Rusya’yla ilişkilerini geliştirmesinin yanı sıra Afrika bölgesindeki enerji kaynakları üzerindeki politik etkisini de arttırmıştır. ABD ve Çin arasındaki enerji rekabetinin artmasına neden olan iki enerji kaynağı ise petrol ve doğal gazdır. Çin’in artan etkisine rağmen ABD’nin Ortadoğu ülkeleriyle enerji işbirliğini üst seviyede tutması ve ulusal ve çok uluslu enerji şirketlerinin dünyanın birçok bölgesinde faaliyet göstermesi küresel enerji jeopolitiğinde liderlik konumunu sürdürmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Çalışmada Çin’in küresel enerji jeopolitiğindeki rolünün artmasına rağmen ABD’nin yeniden şekillenen enerji politikaları ve enerji şirketleri sayesinde enerji jeopolitiğinde lider konumda olduğu vurgulanmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ABD,Çin,Enerji Jeopolitiği,Petrol,Doğal gaz

Kaynakça

1. Beveridge, N. (2019). China to dominate global energy demand. [Blog Yazısı]. 29.06.2019 tarihindewww.petroluem-economist.com. articles/markets/outlook/2018/china-to-dominate-global-energy-demand adresinden erişilmiştir.
2. https://www.petroleum-economist.com/
3. Casertano, S. (2013). Studie bigs:Global energy politics and supply security. Branden- burg: Branden Enstitüsü
4. Cesnakas, G. (2010). Energy resources in foreign policy: A theoretical approach. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics. 3(1), 30-52.
5. Crawley, M. (2002). With Mideast uncertainty. US turns to Africa for oil. The Christian Science Monitor.
6. Gause, G. (2017). ISSF policy series: Trump administration and the Middle East. H-Diplo. Teksas: A&M Üniversitesi
7. Gücüyener, A. (2017). The clash of realism and liberalism: Understanding the nature of cooperation on energy security between Turkey-Azerbaijan and Georgia.[Blog yazısı]. 17.03.2019 tarihinde http://www.themarketforideas.com/the-clash-of-realism-and-li- beralism-understanding-the-nature-of-cooperation-on-energy-security-between-tur- key-azerbaijan-and-georgia-a181/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
8. Kaplan, R. (Haziran 26, 2019, The NewYork Times). This isn’t about Iran. It’s about Chi- na. 29.06.2019 tarihinde https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/26/opinion/trump-iran-c- hina.html adresinden erişilmiştir.

9. Kaplan, R. (Nisan 4, 2014). The geopolitcs of enegy [Blog yazısı]. 13.03.2019 tari- hinde gy/#296f2b7b3b39 adresinden erişilmiştir.
10. Klare, M. T. (2017). The changing geopolitics of oil and gas. In (T. C. Lehmann.ed.) The geopolitics of global energy: The new cost of plenty. London: Lynee Rienner Publisher.
11. Kubicek, P. (2013). Energy politics and geopolitical competition in the caspian basin, Journal Of Euroasian Studies, 4(2), 171-180.
12. Lazarou, S. (2017). Energy security considerations driven by geography and policy reg- ulation for China: European best practice. Journal of Energy and Environmental Re- search and Technology, 1(1), 3-5.
13. Lehmann, T. (2017). The US energy complex: The price of independence. In (T. Lehmann ed.), The Geopolitics of Global Energy The New Cost of Plenty,(s.105-131) London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, .
14. Lei, W. (2012). The oil politics & geopolitical risks with China “going out” strategy to- ward the Greater Middle East. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) ,6(3), 58-84.
15. Marketos, T. (2008). China’s energy geopolitics: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Central Asia. New York: Routledge.
16. Marković, S. ve Milosevic, Z. (2012). The changing Geopolitics of energy. J. Geogr Inst. Cvijic, 62(1),125-134.
17. McPherson, C. (2013). National oil companies: Ensuring BeneŞts and Avoiding Systemic Risks. (A. Goldthaus ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy içinde (s.146-153), Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell
18. Nye, J. (Kasım 1, 2017). Changing geopolitics of energy [Blog yazısı]. 12.03.2019 tar- ihinde https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/shale-energy-geopolitical-con- sequences-by-joseph-s--nye-2017-11?barrier=accesspaylog adresinden erişilmiştir.
19. Öğütçü, C. ve Öğütçü, M. (2017). China’s expanding energy and geopolitical linkages with central Asia and Russia: Implications for businesses and Governments. Rabat: OCP Policy Center.
20. Özdamar, Ö. (2010). Energy, security and foreign policy. (R. A. Denemark ed.), The In- ternational Studies Encyclopedia,içinde (s.1415-1433). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing
21. Ploch, L. (2011). Africa command: U.S. strategic interests and role of the U.S. military in Africa. Congressional Research Service.
22. Ratner, M. (2018). Gas exporting countries forum (GECF): Cartel lite?. Congressional Research Service. Washington.
23. Umbach, F. (2019). China’s belt and road initiative and its energy-security dimension. RSIS. Singapore.
24. IEA (Kasım 14, 2017). World energy outlook:China. 10.03.2019 tarihinde https://www. iea.org/weo/china/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
25. Zhao, S. (Nisan 13, 2011). The geopolitics of China-African oil. 23.03.2019 tarihinde http://www.china-briefing.com/news/the-geopolitics-of-china-african-oil/ adresinden erişilmiştir.