Çin Savunma Sanayiinin Çeşitlenen Dinamikleri: Kurumsal Sınırlılıklardan Küresel Rekabete

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 134 - 157, 29.12.2022

Bayram Ali Soner , Orhan Çifçi

https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1139662

Öz

Bu makale Çin savunma sanayiinin güçlenen ve çeşitlenen dinamiklerini açıklama çabası içindedir. Mao Zedong ve Deng Xiaoping yönetimleri boyunca Çin savunma sanayii yüksek düzeyde Sovyetler Birliği yardımlarına bağlı olarak yönetilirken kurumsal sınırlılık, üretim verimsizliği ve modern teknolojik yoksunluk gibi parametreler sanayiinin temel karakteristik özelliklerini oluşturmuştur. Her iki yönetim savunma sanayiini geliştirebilmek amacıyla birçok reform başlatmasına rağmen silah ve savunma sistemlerinin üretim dinamikleri dışarıya yüksek bağımlılık ekseninde kopyalama ya da tersine mühendislik metotlarının ötesine geçememiştir. Buna rağmen Soğuk Savaş'ın sonuyla birlikte ortaya çıkan yeni uluslararası sistemik yapı ve politik karar alım sürecinde yaşanan dönüşümler, Çin savunma sanayii için bir dönüm noktası niteliği yaratmıştır. Başta Xi Jinping olmak üzere Jiang Zemin ve Hu Jintao tarafından uygulama konulan yöntem ve stratejiler aşamalı olarak Çin savunma sanayiini küresel seviyede rekabet edebilen bir aktöre dönüştürmüştür. Günümüzde birçok savunma ve silah sisteminin üretim aşamasında özgün inovasyona geçiş sağlayabilen Çin’in halihazırda savunma sanayiinde ulusal kabiliyet ve yeterliliklerini aşamalı olarak çeşitlendirdiği gözlemlenmektedir. Bu kapsamda makale, Çin savunma sanayiinin olgunlaşma sürecine ışık tutarak zayıf ve kırılgan özellikler gösteren bir aktör olmaktan uzaklaşıp kendi kendine yetebilen sürece geçişi nasıl sağladığını ve hangi yönleriyle küresel rekabetin bir parçasına dönüştüğünü açıklamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çin Savunma Sanayii, Silah ve Savunma Sistemleri Üretimi, Çin Savunma Sanayii Şirketleri, Kendi Kendine Yeterlilik, Küresel Rekabet

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