Assessment of Stirling Engine Based Air Independent Propulsion Systems in Submarines

Abstract

In the defense forces of countries, especially the navy forces have an important place. Submarines are the cornerstone of naval forces and their power has been effectively demonstrated in World War II. Since then, technological developments in submarines have accelerated considerably. Undoubtedly, the developments made in the propulsion systems are at the forefront of the mentioned developments. Especially with the use of AIP (Air Independent Propulsion Systems) systems, a rapid development has been observed. Many different propulsion systems are applied on submarines, classical diesel-electric submarines, closed-cycle submarines, fuel-cell technology and Stirling-based submarines. In the navies of developed countries such as Sweden and Japan applications of Stirling engines stand out. The main advantages of Stirling engines are lower refueling costs compared to Fuel cells and quieter operation than the MESMA system. In addition, the fact that the exhaust gas emission is more controlled compared to internal combustion engines is among the main reasons why it is preferred. The recent development of Stirling engines and the preference of NASA's radioisotope vehicle as the main power source shows how efficient the engine is without the need for oxygen and maintenance requirements at a minimum level. In this article, it will be discussed how the Stirling engine has been developed until today and why it is preferred in submarine applications, its advantages and its future.

Keywords

• Submarine
• Air İndependent Propulsion (AIP)
• Stirling Engine

Denizaltılarda Stirling Motor Temelli Havadan Bağımsız Tahrik Sistemlerinin (AIP) Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Ülkelerin savunma güçlerinde özellikle donanma kuvvetleri önemli bir yere sahiptir. Donanma kuvvetlerinin mihenk taşı olan denizaltılar II. Dünya Savaşı’nda ne kadar önemli bir güç olduğunu etkili bir biçimde göstermiştir. O günden günümüze denizaltılarda yapılan teknolojik gelişmeler bir hayli hız kazanmıştır. Bahsi geçen gelişmelerin en başında ise kuşkusuz tahrik sistemlerinde yapılan gelişmeler gelmektedir. Özellikle AIP (Havadan Bağımsız Tahrik) sistemlerinin kullanımı ile hızlı bir gelişim gözlenmiştir. Klasik dizel-elektrik denizaltılardan kapalı çevrimlere yakıt hücresi teknolojisine sahip denizaltılardan Stirling temelli denizaltılara kadar birçok varyant uygulanmaktadır. İsveç ve Japonya gibi gelişmiş ülkelerin donanmalarında da Stirling motor kullanımının denizaltı uygulamaları göze çarpmaktadır. Stirling motorlarının Yakıt hücrelerine kıyasla daha düşük yakıt ikmal maliyetleri ve MESMA sistemine göre daha sessiz olması başlıca avantajları olmaktadır. Ayrıca içten yanmalı motorlara kıyasla egzoz gaz atımının daha kontrollü olması tercih edilmesinin başlıca sebepleri arasında yer almaktadır. Stirling motorlarının yakın geçmişte geliştirilmesi ve NASA’ya ait radyoizitop aracında temel güç kaynağı olarak tercih edilmesi, motorun oksijene gerek duymaksızın ne kadar verimli ve bakım gereksiniminin minimum seviyede olduğunun göstergesidir. Bu makalede Stirling motorunun günümüze kadar gelen süreçte nasıl geliştirildiği ve denizaltı uygulamalarında neden tercih edildiği, avantajları ve geleceği hakkında irdelemelerde bulunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Havadan Bağımsız Tahrik Sistemi (AIP)
• Stirling motoru
• Denizaltı

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