Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi*

Feridun Kaya; Hatice Odacı; Fatih Aydın

doi:10.17152/gefad.1110236

Araştırma Makalesi

Testing the Validity and Reliability of the Self-Forgiveness Dual Process Scale

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 1, 1 - 29, 28.04.2023

Feridun Kaya , Hatice Odacı , Fatih Aydın

https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1110236

Öz

The present study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Self-Forgiveness Dual Process Scale on emerging adults in Turkey. A total of 317 undergraduate students were recruited in the first sample, of whom 134 (42.3%) were male, 183 (57.7%) were female, and the mean age was 22. The second sample consists of 129 (46.6%) males and 148 (53.4%) females, a total of 277 undergraduate students. The mean age was 21. Personal Information Form, the Short Version of the Scales of General Well-Being, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and the Self-Forgiveness Dual Process Scale were utilized to collect data. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to test the factor structure of the Self-Forgiveness Dual Process Scale. Analysis revealed that the two-factor structure was confirmed in university students in Turkish culture. The internal consistency reliability coefficient was found as Cronbach α = .76 for the Value Reorientation subscale and as Cronbach α = .87 for Esteem Restoration subscale. The analyses regarding the criterion validity revealed that both subscales have significant positive correlations with general well-being and self-forgiveness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Self-forgiveness, Validity, Reliability

Kaynakça

Asıcı, E. ve Karaca, R. (2018). Ergenler için Affetme Ölçeği (EAÖ): Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Electronic Turkish Studies-Educational Sciences, 13(11), 205–228. Doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.13144
Balkin, R. S., Harris, N. A., Freeman, S. J., & Huntington, S. (2014). The forgiveness reconciliation inventory: An instrument to process through issues of forgiveness and conflict. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 3–13. Doi: 10.1177/0748175613497037
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gerwirtz (Ed.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (pp. 45–103). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101–119. Doi: 10.1080/0305724022014322
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 364–374. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.364
Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Jr., O’Connor, L., Parrott, L., III., & Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgivingness, vengeful rumination and affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73(1), 183–225. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00308.x
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: The Guilford Press.
Bugay, A., & Demir, A. (2010). A turkish version of heartland forgiveness scale. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1927–1931. Doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.390
Bugay, A., Demir, A., & Delevi, R. (2012). Assessment of reliability and validity of the turkish version of heartland forgiveness scale. Psychological Reports, 111(2), 575–584. Doi: 10.2466%2F08.21.PR0.111.5.575-584
Carlisle, R. D., Tsang, J., Ahmad, N. Y., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Witvliet, C. V. O., & Wade, N. G. (2012). Do actions speak louder than words? Differential effects of restitution and apology on behavioral and self-reported forgiveness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(4), 294–305. Doi: 10.1080/17439760.2012.690444
Compton, W. C., & Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing. Belmont: Wadsworth
Çelik, S. B., & Serter, G. Ö. (2017). The role of forgiveness on subjective well-being of university students in their romantic relationships. International Journal of Human Sciences, 14(4), 3990–4001. Doi: 10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4874
Çolak, T. S. (2014). Logoterapi yönelimli grupla psikolojik danışmanın affetme esnekliği kazandırma üzerindeki etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
Datu, J. A. D. (2014). Forgiveness, gratitude and subjective well-being among Filipino adolescents. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 36(3), 262–273. Doi: 10.1007/s10447-013-9205-9
Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., Van Tongeren, D. R., DeBlaere, C., Rice, K. G., & Worthington, E. L. (2015). Making a decision to forgive. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(2), 280–288. Doi: 10.1037/cou0000054
Durmuş, E. ve Manap, A. (2018). Evlilikte bağışlama ölçeği-olay: türkçe’ye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(4), 2033–2049. Doi: 10.17240/aibuefd.2018.18.41844-504877
Elliot, B. (2015). Forgiveness ınterventions to promote physical health. In L. L. Toussaint, E. L. Worthington & D. R. Williams (Ed.), Forgiveness and health: Scientiﬁc evidence and theories relating forgiveness to better health (pp. 271–285). New York, NY: Springer.
Emmons, R. A., (2005). Emotion and religion. In R. F., Paloutzian & C. L. Park, (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 235–252.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Enright, R. D., & Coyle, C. T. (1998). Researching the process model of forgiveness within psychological interventions. In E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and theological perspectives (pp. 139–161). Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.
Enright, R. D., & The Human Development Study Group. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness and self-forgiveness. Counseling & Values, 40(2), 107–127. Doi: 10.1002/j.2161-007X.1996.tb00844.x
Enright, R. D., & Rique, J. (2004). The Enright Forgiveness Inventory: Sampler set, manual, instrument, and scoring guide. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden.
Erkan, Z. (2015). Adaptation of the marital offence-specific forgiveness scale for use in a turkish cultural context. Social Behavior and Personality, 43(7), 1057–1070. Doi: 10.2224/sbp.2015.43.7.1057
Ersanlı, K., & Vural Batık, M. (2015). Development of the forgiveness scale: a study of reliability and validity. Turkish Studies-International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 10(7), 19–32. Doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.8201
Exline, J. J., Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., Campbell, W. K., & Finkel, E. J. (2004). Too proud to let go: Narcissistic entitlement as a barrier to forgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(6), 894–912. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.894
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Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi*

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 1, 1 - 29, 28.04.2023

Feridun Kaya , Hatice Odacı , Fatih Aydın

https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1110236

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeği’nin genç yetişkinler üzerinde geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin test edilmesidir. Araştırmanın birinci çalışma grubunu 134’ü (%42.3) erkek, 183’ü ise (%57.7) kadın ve yaş ortalaması 22 olarak hesaplanan toplam 317 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın ikinci çalışma grubunu ise 129’u (%46.6) erkek, 148’i (%53.4) kadın toplam 277 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 21 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeği, Genel İyi Oluş Ölçeği Kısa Formu ve Heartland Affetme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeği’nin faktör yapısını test edebilmek için Dorulayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmıştır. Analizler iki faktörlü yapının Türk kültüründe bulunan üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde doğrulandığını ortaya koymuştur. İç tutarlık güvenirliği katsayısı Pozitif Değere Yeniden Yönelim alt boyutu için Cronbach α = .76 ve Kişisel Saygının Yenilenmesi alt boyutu için Cronbach α = .87 olarak bulunmuştur. Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeği’nin ölçüt bağlantılı geçerlik çalışmasının test edilmesi için yürütülen analizler sonucunda ölçeğin her iki boyutundan elde edilen puanlar ile bireylerin genel iyi oluş ve kendini affetme eğilim puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönde ve anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kendini affetme, Geçerlik, Güvenirlik.

Kaynakça

Asıcı, E. ve Karaca, R. (2018). Ergenler için Affetme Ölçeği (EAÖ): Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Electronic Turkish Studies-Educational Sciences, 13(11), 205–228. Doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.13144
Balkin, R. S., Harris, N. A., Freeman, S. J., & Huntington, S. (2014). The forgiveness reconciliation inventory: An instrument to process through issues of forgiveness and conflict. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 3–13. Doi: 10.1177/0748175613497037
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gerwirtz (Ed.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (pp. 45–103). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101–119. Doi: 10.1080/0305724022014322
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 364–374. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.364
Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Jr., O’Connor, L., Parrott, L., III., & Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgivingness, vengeful rumination and affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73(1), 183–225. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00308.x
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: The Guilford Press.
Bugay, A., & Demir, A. (2010). A turkish version of heartland forgiveness scale. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1927–1931. Doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.390
Bugay, A., Demir, A., & Delevi, R. (2012). Assessment of reliability and validity of the turkish version of heartland forgiveness scale. Psychological Reports, 111(2), 575–584. Doi: 10.2466%2F08.21.PR0.111.5.575-584
Carlisle, R. D., Tsang, J., Ahmad, N. Y., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Witvliet, C. V. O., & Wade, N. G. (2012). Do actions speak louder than words? Differential effects of restitution and apology on behavioral and self-reported forgiveness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(4), 294–305. Doi: 10.1080/17439760.2012.690444
Compton, W. C., & Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing. Belmont: Wadsworth
Çelik, S. B., & Serter, G. Ö. (2017). The role of forgiveness on subjective well-being of university students in their romantic relationships. International Journal of Human Sciences, 14(4), 3990–4001. Doi: 10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4874
Çolak, T. S. (2014). Logoterapi yönelimli grupla psikolojik danışmanın affetme esnekliği kazandırma üzerindeki etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
Datu, J. A. D. (2014). Forgiveness, gratitude and subjective well-being among Filipino adolescents. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 36(3), 262–273. Doi: 10.1007/s10447-013-9205-9
Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., Van Tongeren, D. R., DeBlaere, C., Rice, K. G., & Worthington, E. L. (2015). Making a decision to forgive. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(2), 280–288. Doi: 10.1037/cou0000054
Durmuş, E. ve Manap, A. (2018). Evlilikte bağışlama ölçeği-olay: türkçe’ye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(4), 2033–2049. Doi: 10.17240/aibuefd.2018.18.41844-504877
Elliot, B. (2015). Forgiveness ınterventions to promote physical health. In L. L. Toussaint, E. L. Worthington & D. R. Williams (Ed.), Forgiveness and health: Scientiﬁc evidence and theories relating forgiveness to better health (pp. 271–285). New York, NY: Springer.
Emmons, R. A., (2005). Emotion and religion. In R. F., Paloutzian & C. L. Park, (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 235–252.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Enright, R. D., & Coyle, C. T. (1998). Researching the process model of forgiveness within psychological interventions. In E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and theological perspectives (pp. 139–161). Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.
Enright, R. D., & The Human Development Study Group. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness and self-forgiveness. Counseling & Values, 40(2), 107–127. Doi: 10.1002/j.2161-007X.1996.tb00844.x
Enright, R. D., & Rique, J. (2004). The Enright Forgiveness Inventory: Sampler set, manual, instrument, and scoring guide. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden.
Erkan, Z. (2015). Adaptation of the marital offence-specific forgiveness scale for use in a turkish cultural context. Social Behavior and Personality, 43(7), 1057–1070. Doi: 10.2224/sbp.2015.43.7.1057
Ersanlı, K., & Vural Batık, M. (2015). Development of the forgiveness scale: a study of reliability and validity. Turkish Studies-International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 10(7), 19–32. Doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.8201
Exline, J. J., Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., Campbell, W. K., & Finkel, E. J. (2004). Too proud to let go: Narcissistic entitlement as a barrier to forgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(6), 894–912. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.894
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
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Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Feridun Kaya 0000-0001-9549-6691 Hatice Odacı 0000-0002-2080-6269 Fatih Aydın 0000-0002-7399-1525
Yayımlanma Tarihi	28 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Kaya, F., Odacı, H., & Aydın, F. (2023). Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi*. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1110236
AMA	Kaya F, Odacı H, Aydın F. Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi*. GEFAD. Nisan 2023;43(1):1-29. doi:10.17152/gefad.1110236
Chicago	Kaya, Feridun, Hatice Odacı, ve Fatih Aydın. “Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik Ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi*”. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 43, sy. 1 (Nisan 2023): 1-29. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1110236.
EndNote	Kaya F, Odacı H, Aydın F (01 Nisan 2023) Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi*. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 43 1 1–29.
IEEE	F. Kaya, H. Odacı, ve F. Aydın, “Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi”, GEFAD*, c. 43, sy. 1, ss. 1–29, 2023, doi: 10.17152/gefad.1110236.
ISNAD	Kaya, Feridun vd. “Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik Ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi”. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi* 43/1 (Nisan 2023), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1110236.
JAMA	Kaya F, Odacı H, Aydın F. Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi. GEFAD*. 2023;43:1–29.
MLA	Kaya, Feridun vd. “Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik Ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi*”. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 43, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 1-29, doi:10.17152/gefad.1110236.
Vancouver	Kaya F, Odacı H, Aydın F. Kendini Affetme İkili Süreç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliğinin Test Edilmesi*. GEFAD. 2023;43(1):1-29.

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