21. Yüzyılda Göçün Çok Boyutlu Dönüşümü: Küresel, Siyasal ve Toplumsal Dinamikler

Öz

Göç, insanlık tarihinin en eski toplumsal olgularından biri olmakla birlikte, 21. yüzyılda küreselleşme, teknolojik dönüşüm ve güvenlik temelli politikalar ekseninde niteliksel bir dönüşüm sürecine girmiştir. Bu dönüşüm, göçün yalnızca ekonomik nedenlerle açıklanan bir nüfus hareketi olmaktan çıkarak; hızlanan, farklılaşan, siyasallaşan ve toplumsal cinsiyet boyutu güçlenen çok boyutlu bir olgu haline gelmesine yol açmıştır. Günümüzde göç, ekonomik eşitsizlikler, siyasal istikrarsızlıklar, güvenlik kaygıları, dijitalleşme ve ulusötesi ağlar gibi birbiriyle etkileşim hâlindeki dinamikler tarafından şekillendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, göç olgusunu tarihsel ve kavramsal bir çerçeve içinde ele alarak, 21. yüzyılda göçün geçirdiği çok boyutlu dönüşümü bütüncül bir perspektifle analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Mevcut literatürde göçün küreselleşmesi, hızlanması, farklılaşması, siyasallaşması ve kadınsallaşması çoğu zaman birbirinden bağımsız başlıklar altında incelenirken, bu çalışma söz konusu süreçlerin karşılıklı etkileşim içinde ele alınması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma; küreselleşmenin göç üzerindeki yapısal etkilerini, göç hareketlerinin hız ve biçim değişimini, göçün güvenlik politikalarıyla ilişkisini ve toplumsal cinsiyet ekseninde yaşanan dönüşümleri analitik bir hat üzerinden değerlendirmektedir. Sonuç olarak makale, çağdaş göç dinamiklerini tek boyutlu açıklamaların ötesine taşıyarak, göç olgusunun günümüzde nasıl yeniden şekillendiğini ortaya koymayı ve literatürdeki bütüncül yaklaşım eksikliğine katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göç
• Küreselleşme
• Uluslararası Göç
• Güvenlik
• Toplumsal Cinsiyet

The Multidimensional Transformation of Migration in the 21st Century: Global, Political, and Social Dynamics

Öz

Migration, while one of the oldest social phenomena in human history, has undergone a qualitative transformation in the 21st century, driven by globalization, technological transformation, and security-based policies. This transformation has led migration to cease being merely a population movement explained solely by economic factors; instead, it has become a multidimensional phenomenon that is accelerating, diversifying, politicizing, and increasingly influenced by gender. Today, migration is shaped by interconnected dynamics, including economic inequalities, political instability, security concerns, digitalization, and transnational networks. This study aims to analyze the multi-dimensional transformation of migration in the 21st century from a holistic perspective, within a historical and conceptual framework. While the globalization, acceleration, diversification, politicization, and feminization of migration are often examined under separate headings in the existing literature, this study argues that these processes should be considered in their mutual interaction. Accordingly, the study; This article analyzes the structural effects of globalization on migration, the changes in the speed and form of migration movements, the relationship between migration and security policies, and the transformations experienced along gender lines. In conclusion, the article aims to move beyond one-dimensional explanations of contemporary migration dynamics, revealing how the phenomenon of migration is being reshaped today and contributing to the lack of a holistic approach in the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Migration
• Globalization
• International Migration
• Security
• Gender

Kaynakça

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