Mutarrifiyye Soykırımı: Görünürdeki ve Gizli Nedenler Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bu çalışma, Muṭarrifiyya’nın uğradığı soykırımı görünür ve gizli nedenlerini inceleyerek ele almakta; soykırımın gerçek nedenini ortaya koymayı ve yok edilmelerinde etkili olan bazı tartışmalı meselelerdeki tutumlarını açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmacı, tümevarım yönteminden de yararlanarak tarihsel, çözümleyici ve eleştirel yöntemi kullanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları arasında, İmam Abdullah b. Hamza’nın Muṭarrifiyya’yı büyük küçük demeden insanlarıyla birlikte mallarını, camilerini ve düşünsel mirasını kapsayacak, geride onlardan hiçbir iz bırakmayacak biçimde topyekûn yok ettiği tespiti yer almaktadır. Ayrıca İmam Abdullah b. Hamza’nın Muṭarrifiyya’ya karşı giriştiği eylemlerin gerçek nedenleri incelendiğinde, bunların Muṭarrifiyya’nın onu taklit etmekten bağımsız davranmasına veya özellikle yönetimle ilgili bazı fer‘î meselelerde onunla aynı görüşü paylaşmamasına dayandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Muṭarrifiyya, yöneticinin gerekli niteliklerin tümünü taşımasında ve söz ile eylemin birbirine uygun olmasında ısrar ediyor; yönetici hata yaptığında, kendilerince doğru İslam’dan saptığında veya Hâdî ekolünün çizgisinden ayrıldığında hesap vermesini istiyordu. Bütün bunlar, Hâdevî Zeydî mezhebinin beş temel ilkesinden biri olan iyiliği emretme ve kötülükten sakındırma ilkesinin uygulanması kapsamındaydı. Araştırmacı, Muṭarrifiyya trajedisinin, grubun günümüze ulaşan özgün kaynakları ve özellikle karşı tarafın kaynakları (Abdullah b. Hamza’nın eserleri) ışığında yeniden okunmasını önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mutarrifiyye
• Soykırım
• Nedenler

The Genocide of the Muṭarrifiyya: A Study of the Apparent and Hidden Causes

Öz

This study examines the extermination of the Muṭarrifiyya by investigating its apparent and hidden causes. It seeks to identify the real motive behind their extermination and to explain their position on certain contentious issues that contributed to it. The author employs a critical, analytical historical method, supplemented by an inductive approach. Among the study’s findings is the confirmation that Imam ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥamza exterminated the Muṭarrifiyya comprehensively: adults and children were killed, and property, mosques, and intellectual heritage were destroyed, leaving no trace of them. Examination of Ibn Ḥamza’s actual motives for his actions against the Muṭarrifiyya confirms that these actions stemmed from their independence from his authority or their disagreement with him on certain subsidiary questions, especially those concerning government. They insisted that a ruler possess all the required qualifications, that words and deeds be consistent, and that a ruler be held accountable if he erred or departed from what they understood to be true Islam and the path of the school of al-Hādī. All this amounted to applying the principle of commanding right and forbidding wrong, one of the five principles of the Hādawī Zaydī school. The author recommends rereading the tragedy of the Muṭarrifiyya in light of the group’s available original sources and, in particular, those of the opposing side (the writings of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥamza).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genocide
• Muṭarrifiyya
• Causes

إبادة المطرَّفية: بحث في الأسباب الظاهرة والخفيّة

Öz

تناول البحث إبادة المطرفية من خلال التحقيق في الأسباب الظاهرة والخفية، وهدف إلى استجلاء الدافع الحقيقي لإبادة المطرفية وبيان موقفها من بعض المسائل الشائكة التي كان لها أثرها في إبادتها. واستخدم الباحث المنهج التاريخي التحليلي النقدي، مع الإفادة من المنهج الاستقرائي. ومنها توصل إلى نتائج البحث التي منها: تأكيد إبادة الإمام عبد الله بن حمزة للمطرَّفية، على نحو استئصالي شامل، للأنفس من كبار وصغار، وأملاك ومساجد وتراث فكري، على نحو لم يبق لهم أثراً، كما أن استقراء الدوافع الحقيقة للإمام عبد الله بن حمزة، فيما أقدم عليه تجاه المطرّفية؛ أكّد أن ذلك يعود لتحرّر المطرَّفية عن تقليده أو موافقته، في بعض المسائل الفرعية، ولاسيما تلك المرتبطة بالحكم، إذ كانت تتشدد في ضرورة التزام الحاكم بالمؤهلات الكاملة، وضرورة تلازم القول مع العمل، وتدعو إلى مسائلته إذا أخطأ أو انحرف عن صحيح الإسلام- كما رأته قد خرج عن خطّ مدرسة الهادي، وكل ذلك من قبيل تطبيق مبدأ الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر، بوصفه أحد الأصول الخمسة في المذهب الزيدي الهادوي. وأوصى الباحث بإعادة قراءة مأساة المطرَّفية في ضوء مصادر الجماعة الأصلية المتاحة ومصادر الطرف الآخر (تراث عبد الله بن حمزة) خاصة.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• المطرَّفية
• إبادة
• الأسباب

Kaynakça

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