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Gençler İçin 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri ve Dijitalleşen Dünyanın Gereklilikleri: Yeni Okuryazarlıklar

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 24, 5 - 24, 31.08.2021

Öz

Değişen dünyada toplumların geleceği konumundaki gençlerin ihtiyaç duydukları yetkinlikler, farklı
disiplinlerin alan yazınlarında sıklıkla 21. yüzyıl yetkinlikleri başlığı ile karşımıza çıkar. Bu yetkinlik
setlerine dair farklı kurum ve kuruluşların yaptığı farklı çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak temelinde
tüm bu çalışmaların ana hatları birbiriyle benzeşmektedir. OECD’nin bilişsel alan, iletişimsel alan,
etik/sosyal etki olarak ana kategorilerde değerlendirdiği bu yetkinlikler setinde, tüm kategorilerde
dijitalleşmenin izdüşümü görünür. Öyle ki, dijitalleşmenin ve getirdiği yeni beceri ihtiyaçlarının
izdüşümlerinde yeni okuryazarlıklara ya da var olan okuryazarlıkların değişimine rastlanır: dijital
okuryazarlık ve yeni medya okuryazarlığı.
Bu makale kapsamında OECD’nin 21. yüzyıl yetkinliklerinde dijitalleşmenin bir sonucu – ve
sürdürülebilir olması için bir koşul - olarak görülen yeni okuryazarlıkların tanımları tartışıldı.
Bu konuda Avrupa kıtası özelinde yaklaşımlardan bahsedildikten sonra, Avrupa ülkeleri arasında
en güncel dizin olan 2019 - medya okuryazarlığı endeksinde ilk beş sırada yer alan Finlandiya,
Danimarka, Estonya, Hollanda, İsveç incelendi. Sonuç olarak, Avrupa ülkeleri arasında medya
okuryazarlık becerilerinin iyileştirilmesi ve bu şekilde muhafaza edilebilmesi için, tek bir ders
yerine birçok derse entegre edilen, eleştirel düşünme becerisini merkeze alan, küçük yaştan itibaren
verilen, ancak sadece belli bir yaşla sınırlı tutulmayan süreklilik arz eden eğitim politikalarının
uygulandığı görüldü.

Kaynakça

  • 6.8 Media literacy and safe use of new media | YouthWiki Estonia. (2021, Şubat 23). https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/estonia/68-media-literacy-and-safe-use-of-new-media
  • 6.8 Media literacy and safe use of new media | YouthWiki Netherlands. (2021, Şubat 23). https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/netherlands/68-media-literacy-and-safe-use-of-new-media
  • 6.8 Media literacy and safe use of new media | YouthWiki Sweden. (2021, Şubat 23). https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/sweden/68-media-literacy-and-safe-use-of-new-media
  • About us - HITSA (2014, Mart 26). HITSA. https://www.hitsa.ee/about-us
  • Ajankohtaista - Mediataitokoulu. (2021, Şubat 23). https://www.mediataitokoulu.fi/index.php?lang=fi
  • Ananiadou, K., & Claro, M. (2009). 21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries. OECD. http://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12799/2529
  • Bachmair, B., & Bazalgette, C. (2007). The European Charter for Media Literacy: Meaning and Potential. Research in Comparative and International Education, 2(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2007.2.1.80
  • BIK Portal. (2021, Şubat 23). Home - BIK Portal - BIK Community. https://www.betterinternetforkids.eu/
  • Buckingham, D. (2010). Defining Digital Literacy. In B. Bachmair (Ed.), Medienbildung in neuen Kulturräumen (pp. 59–71). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92133-4_4
  • Celot, P. (2012). Eavı Studies on Media Literacy in Europe. Medijske Studije, 3(6), 76–81.
  • Cervi, L. M. P., Paredes, O., & Tornero, J. (2010). Current Trends of Media Literacy in Europe. International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence, 1(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4018/jdldc.2010100101
  • Denmark | YouthWiki. (2021, Şubat 23). https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/denmark/overview
  • Digitale kompetencer og digital læring: National handlingsplan for de videregående uddannelser. (2019). Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet.
  • Drotner, K. (2014). Media and Information Literacy Policies in Denmark (2013). University of Southern Denmark. http://ppemi.ens-cachan.fr/data/media/colloque140528/rapports/DENMARK_2014.pdf
  • Haridus- ja Noorteamet. (2021, Şubat 23). Haridus- ja Noorteamet. https://harno.ee/en
  • Insights, M., & Chapman, M. (2016). Mapping of media literacy practices and actions in EU-28. European Audiovisual Observatory. https://ketlib.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/handle/ket/1185
  • Jaakkola, M. (2020). Editor’s introduction. Media and information literacy research in countries around the Baltic Sea. Central European Journal of Communication, 13(2), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.19195/1899-5101.13.2(26).1
  • Joshua Gaston (2020). Teaching Media Literacy to ESL and EFL Students in the Age of COVID-19. GATESOL in Action Journal, 30(1), 48–58-48–58.
  • Joy of Reading - Lukuinto. (2015, Haziran 26). http://www.lukuinto.fi/joy-of-reading.html
  • Jungar, J. (2019). A Finnish case study: declining trust in media in a traditionally consensual and stable society. Reuters Institute University of Oxford. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-08/jonas%20reuters%20ınstitute%20fellowship%20paper%20fınal.pdf
  • Kavi. (2020, March 26). National Audiovisual Institute - Kavi. https://kavi.fi/en/national-audiovisual-institute/
  • Koltay, T. (2011). The media and the literacies: media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710393382
  • Leaning, M. (2019). An Approach to Digital Literacy through the Integration of Media and Information Literacy. Media and Communication, 7(2), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i2.1931
  • Lessenski, M. (2017). Can this be true? Predictors of media literacy and resilience to the post-truth phenomenon in Europe. EuPi-OSI-Sofia. https://osis.bg/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/MediinaGramotnost_11Okt2017_EN.pdf Lessenski, M. (2018). Common Sense Wanted: Resilience to post-truth and its predictors in the new media literacy index 2018 EuPi-OSI-Sofia. https://osis.bg/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/MediaLiteracyIndex2018_publishENG.pdf
  • Livingstone, S. (2004). Media Literacy and the Challenge of New Information and Communication Technologies. The Communication Review, 7(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714420490280152
  • Livingstone, S., Papaioannou, T., Del Grandío, M. M., & Wijnen, C. (2012). Critical Insights in European Media Literacy Research and Policy. Medijske Studije. https://digitum.um.es/digitum/handle/10201/43359
  • Manalili, R., & Rehnberg, J. (2008). Media Education in the Swedish Compulsory School: a comparison of the Swedish school curriculum documents with the leading countries. Göteborgs Uiversitet. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/19536/1/gupea_2077_19536_1.pdf
  • Mediakasvatusseura ry. (2020, Eylül 29). The Finnish Society on Media Education - Mediakasvatusseura ry. https://mediakasvatus.fi/english/
  • Mediataitoviikko. (2020, Eylül 11). In English - Mediataitoviikko. https://www.mediataitoviikko.fi/in-english/
  • Mediawijsheid.nl. (2015). Mediawijsheid (media literacy), vaardigheden voor 21e eeuw. https://www.mediawijsheid.nl/mediawijsheid/
  • Mediawijzer.net. (2020, Kasım 18). About Mediawijzer.net. https://www.mediawijzer.net/about-dutch-media-literacy-network/
  • Medierådet | Medierådet. (2021, Şubat 23). https://www.medieraadet.dk/
  • Multiliteracy. (2021, Şubat 23). Multiliteracy - Monilukutaito. http://www.monilukutaito.com/en/
  • Nielsen, R. K., Gorwa, R., & de Cock Buning, M. (2019). What can be done? Digital Media Policy Options for Europe (and beyond). https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/what-can-be-done-digital-media-policy-options-europe-and-beyond
  • Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö. (2021, Şubat 23). Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö - OKM - Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö. https://minedu.fi/etusivu
  • Palsa, L., & Salomaa, S. (2020). Media literacy as a cross-sectoral phenomenon: Media education in Finnish ministerial-level policies. Central European Journal of Communication, 13(2), 162–182. https://doi.org/10.19195/1899-5101.13.2(26).2
  • Pekman, C. (2016). Avrupa Birliği'nde Medya Okuryazarlığı. In N. Turkoglu & M. C. Şimşek (Eds.), Medya okuryazarlığı (1st ed., pp. 37–45). Pales Yayınları.
  • Siibak, A., Ugur, K., & Vinter, K. (2014). Media and Information Literacy Policies in Estonia (2013). University of Tartu. http://ppemi.ens-cachan.fr/data/media/colloque140528/rapports/ESTONIA_2014.pdf
  • Silver, A. (2009). A European Approach to Media Literacy: Moving toward an Inclusive Knowledge Society. Comunicar: Revista Científica De Comunicación Y Educación, 16(32), 11–13. https://doi.org/10.3916/c32-2009-01-004
  • Sourbati, M. (2009). Media Literacy and Universal Access in Europe. The Information Society, 25(4), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240903028680
  • STMR. (2021, Şubat 23). In English. https://www.statensmedierad.se/ovrigt/inenglish.579.html
  • Swedish media council. Hate speech and abuse on the internet - english (print). https://statensmedierad.se/download/18.275f963e155a2eef518c072/1467374537727/No-hate-broschure-Hate-speech-parent-english-print_A4.pdf
  • UNESCO. (2003). Prague Declaration: Towards an information literate society.

Twenty-First Century Skills and The Requirements Of A Digitilized World For Youth: New Literacies

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 24, 5 - 24, 31.08.2021

Öz

The skills required of individuals and societies in today’s changing world are frequently dubbed
21st-century skills in the literature of different disciplines. Though different institutions and
organizations have conducted various studies on these skill sets, all of their outlines resemble each
other in principle. The OECD divides these skill sets into several main categories, namely, the cognitive
domain, communicative domain, and ethical/social impact; yet, the repercussions of digitalization
stand out in all categories. In the 21st-century, marked by digitalization, two important literacy stands
out when looking at the content of competencies: digital literacy and new media literacy.
This article discusses the definitions of new literacy, which are simultaneously regarded as a
consequence of digitalization in OECD’s 21st-century skills and as a condition for their sustainability.
After mentioning approaches specific to the Europe, we examined the top five countries in the Media
Literacy Index 2019 (i.e., Finland, Denmark, Estonia, Netherlands, and Sweden), as it is held to be
the most up-to-day index by European countries. We observed that European countries implement
different education policies to improve and retain media literacy, including policies that are
integrated into a series of lessons as opposed to a single lesson, that revolve around critical thinking
skills, that are not limited to a particular age group, and that promote lifelong learning.

Kaynakça

  • 6.8 Media literacy and safe use of new media | YouthWiki Estonia. (2021, Şubat 23). https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/estonia/68-media-literacy-and-safe-use-of-new-media
  • 6.8 Media literacy and safe use of new media | YouthWiki Netherlands. (2021, Şubat 23). https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/netherlands/68-media-literacy-and-safe-use-of-new-media
  • 6.8 Media literacy and safe use of new media | YouthWiki Sweden. (2021, Şubat 23). https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/sweden/68-media-literacy-and-safe-use-of-new-media
  • About us - HITSA (2014, Mart 26). HITSA. https://www.hitsa.ee/about-us
  • Ajankohtaista - Mediataitokoulu. (2021, Şubat 23). https://www.mediataitokoulu.fi/index.php?lang=fi
  • Ananiadou, K., & Claro, M. (2009). 21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries. OECD. http://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12799/2529
  • Bachmair, B., & Bazalgette, C. (2007). The European Charter for Media Literacy: Meaning and Potential. Research in Comparative and International Education, 2(1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2007.2.1.80
  • BIK Portal. (2021, Şubat 23). Home - BIK Portal - BIK Community. https://www.betterinternetforkids.eu/
  • Buckingham, D. (2010). Defining Digital Literacy. In B. Bachmair (Ed.), Medienbildung in neuen Kulturräumen (pp. 59–71). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92133-4_4
  • Celot, P. (2012). Eavı Studies on Media Literacy in Europe. Medijske Studije, 3(6), 76–81.
  • Cervi, L. M. P., Paredes, O., & Tornero, J. (2010). Current Trends of Media Literacy in Europe. International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence, 1(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4018/jdldc.2010100101
  • Denmark | YouthWiki. (2021, Şubat 23). https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/denmark/overview
  • Digitale kompetencer og digital læring: National handlingsplan for de videregående uddannelser. (2019). Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet.
  • Drotner, K. (2014). Media and Information Literacy Policies in Denmark (2013). University of Southern Denmark. http://ppemi.ens-cachan.fr/data/media/colloque140528/rapports/DENMARK_2014.pdf
  • Haridus- ja Noorteamet. (2021, Şubat 23). Haridus- ja Noorteamet. https://harno.ee/en
  • Insights, M., & Chapman, M. (2016). Mapping of media literacy practices and actions in EU-28. European Audiovisual Observatory. https://ketlib.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/handle/ket/1185
  • Jaakkola, M. (2020). Editor’s introduction. Media and information literacy research in countries around the Baltic Sea. Central European Journal of Communication, 13(2), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.19195/1899-5101.13.2(26).1
  • Joshua Gaston (2020). Teaching Media Literacy to ESL and EFL Students in the Age of COVID-19. GATESOL in Action Journal, 30(1), 48–58-48–58.
  • Joy of Reading - Lukuinto. (2015, Haziran 26). http://www.lukuinto.fi/joy-of-reading.html
  • Jungar, J. (2019). A Finnish case study: declining trust in media in a traditionally consensual and stable society. Reuters Institute University of Oxford. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-08/jonas%20reuters%20ınstitute%20fellowship%20paper%20fınal.pdf
  • Kavi. (2020, March 26). National Audiovisual Institute - Kavi. https://kavi.fi/en/national-audiovisual-institute/
  • Koltay, T. (2011). The media and the literacies: media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710393382
  • Leaning, M. (2019). An Approach to Digital Literacy through the Integration of Media and Information Literacy. Media and Communication, 7(2), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i2.1931
  • Lessenski, M. (2017). Can this be true? Predictors of media literacy and resilience to the post-truth phenomenon in Europe. EuPi-OSI-Sofia. https://osis.bg/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/MediinaGramotnost_11Okt2017_EN.pdf Lessenski, M. (2018). Common Sense Wanted: Resilience to post-truth and its predictors in the new media literacy index 2018 EuPi-OSI-Sofia. https://osis.bg/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/MediaLiteracyIndex2018_publishENG.pdf
  • Livingstone, S. (2004). Media Literacy and the Challenge of New Information and Communication Technologies. The Communication Review, 7(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714420490280152
  • Livingstone, S., Papaioannou, T., Del Grandío, M. M., & Wijnen, C. (2012). Critical Insights in European Media Literacy Research and Policy. Medijske Studije. https://digitum.um.es/digitum/handle/10201/43359
  • Manalili, R., & Rehnberg, J. (2008). Media Education in the Swedish Compulsory School: a comparison of the Swedish school curriculum documents with the leading countries. Göteborgs Uiversitet. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/19536/1/gupea_2077_19536_1.pdf
  • Mediakasvatusseura ry. (2020, Eylül 29). The Finnish Society on Media Education - Mediakasvatusseura ry. https://mediakasvatus.fi/english/
  • Mediataitoviikko. (2020, Eylül 11). In English - Mediataitoviikko. https://www.mediataitoviikko.fi/in-english/
  • Mediawijsheid.nl. (2015). Mediawijsheid (media literacy), vaardigheden voor 21e eeuw. https://www.mediawijsheid.nl/mediawijsheid/
  • Mediawijzer.net. (2020, Kasım 18). About Mediawijzer.net. https://www.mediawijzer.net/about-dutch-media-literacy-network/
  • Medierådet | Medierådet. (2021, Şubat 23). https://www.medieraadet.dk/
  • Multiliteracy. (2021, Şubat 23). Multiliteracy - Monilukutaito. http://www.monilukutaito.com/en/
  • Nielsen, R. K., Gorwa, R., & de Cock Buning, M. (2019). What can be done? Digital Media Policy Options for Europe (and beyond). https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/what-can-be-done-digital-media-policy-options-europe-and-beyond
  • Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö. (2021, Şubat 23). Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö - OKM - Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö. https://minedu.fi/etusivu
  • Palsa, L., & Salomaa, S. (2020). Media literacy as a cross-sectoral phenomenon: Media education in Finnish ministerial-level policies. Central European Journal of Communication, 13(2), 162–182. https://doi.org/10.19195/1899-5101.13.2(26).2
  • Pekman, C. (2016). Avrupa Birliği'nde Medya Okuryazarlığı. In N. Turkoglu & M. C. Şimşek (Eds.), Medya okuryazarlığı (1st ed., pp. 37–45). Pales Yayınları.
  • Siibak, A., Ugur, K., & Vinter, K. (2014). Media and Information Literacy Policies in Estonia (2013). University of Tartu. http://ppemi.ens-cachan.fr/data/media/colloque140528/rapports/ESTONIA_2014.pdf
  • Silver, A. (2009). A European Approach to Media Literacy: Moving toward an Inclusive Knowledge Society. Comunicar: Revista Científica De Comunicación Y Educación, 16(32), 11–13. https://doi.org/10.3916/c32-2009-01-004
  • Sourbati, M. (2009). Media Literacy and Universal Access in Europe. The Information Society, 25(4), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240903028680
  • STMR. (2021, Şubat 23). In English. https://www.statensmedierad.se/ovrigt/inenglish.579.html
  • Swedish media council. Hate speech and abuse on the internet - english (print). https://statensmedierad.se/download/18.275f963e155a2eef518c072/1467374537727/No-hate-broschure-Hate-speech-parent-english-print_A4.pdf
  • UNESCO. (2003). Prague Declaration: Towards an information literate society.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

A. Elif Posos Devrani 0000-0002-9550-3879

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2021
Kabul Tarihi 28 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 24

Kaynak Göster

APA Posos Devrani, A. E. (2021). Gençler İçin 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri ve Dijitalleşen Dünyanın Gereklilikleri: Yeni Okuryazarlıklar. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(24), 5-24.

ÖNEMLİ NOT: DERGİMİZ ÖZEL SAYILAR HARİCİNDE HER YILIN NİSAN, AĞUSTOS VE ARALIK AYLARINDA OLMAK ÜZERE YILDA ÜÇ DEFA YAYIMLANMAKTADIR. ADAY ÇALIŞMALAR SAYIYA ÖZEL GÖNDERİLMEMEKTEDİR. DERGİMİZE GÖNDERİLEN MAKALELER DEĞERLENDİRME SÜRECİNİN TAMAMLANMASINI TAKİBEN UYGUN OLAN İLK SAYIDA YAYIMLANMAKTADIR.