BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 14, 171 - 196, 01.01.2018

Öz

A large number of factors such as family, school, friends play role in political socialization of children and young people. Mass media has an influence on the development of political and civic values, attitudes and behaviors of young people. An important element or a result of political socialization is civic engagement that encompasses engagament in political and civic activities. Besides newspapers and television, the Internet has an important influence on civic engagement of young people. The level of civic engagement may vary depending on the type of mass media and purposes for media use. In the study conducted with 549 young people between the ages of 25 and 30, the level of civic engagement by the type of mass media and socio-demographic variables was examined. Besides, the relationship of civic engagement with following news and the use of social media to express opinions on social matters was investigated. Civic engagement level was determined with “Civic Engagement Scale” and media use was assessed with “Personal Data Sheet”. The relationship between civic engagement and newspaper reading was determined to be stronger than the relationship of civic engagement with television and the Internet. Following news and expressing opinions on social media were found to predict civic engagement. The results were discussed with regard to communication theories and research on civic engagement

Kaynakça

  • • Andolina, M. W., Jenkins, K., Zukin, C., & Keeter, S. (2003). Habits from home, lessons from school: Influences on youth civic engagement. PS: Political Science and Politics, 36(2), 275-280.
  • • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55 (5), 469-480.
  • • Atkin, C. K., & Gantz, W. (1978). Television news and political socialization. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 42 (2), 183–198.
  • • Bachmann I., Kaufhold K., Lewis, S. C., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2010). News platform preference: Advancing the effects of age and media consumption on political participation. International Journal of Internet Science, 5(1), 34–47.
  • • Bobek, D., Zaff, J., Li, Y., & Lerner, R. M. (2009). Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components of civic action: Towards an integrated measure of civic engagement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(5), 615-627.
  • • Boulianne, S. (2009). Does internet use affect engagement? A meta-analysis of research. Political Communication, 26 (2), 193–211.
  • • Buckingham, D. (1997) News media, political socialization and popular citizenship: Towards a new agenda. Critical Studies in Mass Communication 14(4), 344–366.
  • • Chaffe, S., Ward, S., & Tipton, L. (1970). Mass communication and political socialization. Journalism Quarterly, 47, 647-659.
  • • Cicognani, E., Zani, B., Fournier, B., Gavray, C., & Born, M. (2012). Gender differences in youths’ political engagement and participation. The role of parents and of adolescents’ social and civic participation. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 561–76.
  • • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
  • • Crocetti, E., Jahromi, P., & Meeus, W. (2012). Identity and civic engagement in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 521–532.
  • • Da Silva, L., Sanson, A., Smart, D., & Toumbourou, J. (2004). Civic responsibility among Australian adolescents: Testing two competing models. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(3), 229–255.
  • • Delli Carpini, M. X. (2000). Gen.com: Youth, civic engagement, and the new information environment. Political Communication, 17(4), 341-349.
  • • Erentaitė, R., Žukauskienė, R., Beyers, W., & Pilkauskaitė-Valickienė, R. (2012). Is news media related to civic engagement? The effects of interest in and discussions about the news media on current and future civic engagement of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 587–597.
  • • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publications.
  • • Flanagan, C. A., Bowes, J. M., Jonsson, B., Csapo, B., & Sheblanova, E. (1998). Ties that bind: Correlates of adolescents’ civic commitments in seven countries. Journal of Social Issues, 54(3), 457-475.
  • • Flanagan, C., Syvertsen, A. K., & Stout, M. (2007). Civic measurement models: Tapping adolescents’ civic engagement. Pennsylvania: CIRCLE. 12 Şubat 2016’da http://www.politicipublice.ro/uploads/adolescents.pdf adresinden indirildi.
  • • Flanagan, C., & Levine, P. (2010). Civic engagement and the transition to adulthood. The Future of Children, 20(1), 159–179.
  • • Gil de Zúñiga, H., Jung, N., & Valenzuela., S. (2012). Social media use for news and ındividuals’ social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 17(3), 319–336.
  • • Greenstein, F. I. (1965). Children and politics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • • Hao, X., Wen, N., & George, C. (2014). News consumption and political and civic engagement among young people. Journal of Youth Studies, 17(9), 1221–1238.
  • • Hastings, P. D., McShane, K. E., Parker, R., & Ladha, F. (2007). Ready to make nice: Parental socialization of young sons’ and daughters’ prosocial behaviors with peers. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 168(2), 177–200.
  • • Hess, R. D., & Torney, J. V. (1967). The Development of Political Attitudes In Children. Chicago: Aldine Publication.
  • • Hyman, H. H. (1959). Political socialization: A study ın the psychology of political behavior. New York: Free Press.
  • • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1981). Çocuğun değeri: Türkiye›de değerler ve doğurganlık. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İdari Bilimler Fakültesi.
  • • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000). Kültürel Psikoloji: Kültür bağlamında insan ve aile. İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
  • • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • • Katz, E., Gurevitch, M., & Haas, H. (1973). On the use of the mass media for Important things. American Sociological Review, 38 (2), 164-181.
  • • Kirlin, M. (2003). The role of civic skills in fostering civic engagement in fostering civic engagement. Pennsylvania: CIRCLE. 13 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/WorkingPapers/ WP06Kirlin.pdf adresinden indirildi.
  • • Klofstad, C. A. (2007). Talk leads to recruitment. How discussions about politics and current events increase civic participation. Political Research Quarterly, 60, 180-191.
  • • Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologists, 53(9), 1017–1031.
  • • McDevitt, M., & Chaffee, S. (2002). From top-down to trickle-up influence: Revisiting assumptions about the family in political socialization. Political Communication, 19(3), 281-301.
  • • McLeod, J. M. (2000). Media and civic socialization of youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(2), 45–51.
  • • McLeod, J. M., & Shah, D. V. (2009). Communication and political socialization: Challenges and opportunities for research. Political Communication, 26(1), 1-10.
  • • Min, S. (2010). From the digital divide to the democratic divide: Internet skills, political interest, and the second-level digital divide in political internet use. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 7(1), 22–35.
  • • Newton, K. (1999). Mass media effects: Mobilization or media malaise? British Journal of Political Science, 29, 577–599.
  • • Niemi, R. G., & Hepburn, M. A. (1995). The rebirth of political socialization. Perspectives on Political Science, 24, 7–17.
  • • Norris, P. (1996). Does television erode social capital? A reply to Putnam. Political Science and Politics, 29, 474–480.
  • • Pancer, S. M., Pratt, M., Hunsberger, B., & Alisat, S. (2007). Community and political involvement in adolescence: What distinguishes the activists from the uninvolved? Journal of Community Psychology, 35(6), 741–759.
  • • Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6 (1), 65–78.
  • • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • • Quintelier, E. (2011). Political socialization among young people: Evidence from a two-year panel study. Politics, Culture and Socialization, 2(2), 193–206.
  • • Schlozman, K. L., Verba, S., & Brady, H. E. (2010). Weapon of the strong? Participatory inequality and the internet. Perspectives on Politics, 8(2), 487–509.
  • • Sears, D. O., & Brown, C. (2003). Childhood and adult political development. Huddy, L., Sears, D. O., & Levy, J. S. (Eds.) Oxford handbook of political psychology içinde (pp. 59–95). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • • Shah, D. V. (1998). Civic engagement, interpersonal trust, and television use: An individual-level assessment of social capital. Political Psychology, 19(3), 469– 496.
  • • Shah, D. V., Kwak, N., & Holbert, R. L. (2001). “Connecting” and “disconnecting” with civic life: Patterns of internet use and the production of social capital. Political Communication, 18(2), 141–162.
  • • Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., & Yoon, S. (2001). Communication, context, and community: An exploration of print, broadcast, and Internet influences. Communication Research, 28, 464-506.
  • • Shah, D. V., Cho, J., Eveland, W. P., & Kwak, N. (2005). Information and expression in a digital age: Modeling internet effects on civic participation. Communication Research, 32, 531–565.
  • • Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., & Lee, N. (2009). Communication competence as a foundation for civic competence: Processes of socialization into citizenship. Political Communication, 26, 102–117.
  • • Skoric, M. M., & Poor, N. (2013). Youth engagement in Singapore: The interplay of social and traditional media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(2), 187–204.
  • • Torney-Purta, J. (2004). Adolescents’ political socialization in changing contexts: An international study in the spirit of Nevitt Sanford. Political Psychology, 25(3), 465-478.
  • • Yates, M., & Youniss, J. (1996). Community service and political-moral identity in adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 6, 271-284.
  • • Youniss, J., McLellan, J. A., & Yates, M. (1997). What we know about engendering civic identity. The American Behavioral Scientist, 40(5), 620-631.
  • • Youniss, J., McLellan, J.A., Su, Y., & Yates, M. (1999). The role of community service in identity development: Normative, unconventional, and deviant orientations. Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(2), 248–261.
  • • Youniss, J., Bales, S., Christmas-Best, V., Diversi, M., McLaughlin, M., & Silbereisen, R. (2002). Youth civic engagement in the twenty-first century. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12, 121–48.

Gençlik Döneminde Siyasal Toplumsallaşma: Toplumsal Katılım İle Kitle İletişim Araçları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 14, 171 - 196, 01.01.2018

Öz

Aile, okul, arkadaşlar gibi çok sayıda etmen çocukların ve gençlerin siyasal toplumsallaşma sürecinde rol oynamaktadır. Kitle iletişim araçları gençlerin siyasal ve toplumsal değerlerinin, tutumlarının ve davranışlarının gelişimine etki etmektedir. Siyasal toplumsallaşmanın önemli bir bileşeni ya da sonucu siyasal ve toplumsal faaliyetlere katılımı kapsayan toplumsal katılımdır. Gazete ve televizyonun yanı sıra internetin gençlerin toplumsal katılımında önemli etkisi bulunmaktadır. Kullanılan kitle iletişim aracının türüne ve kullanım amacına bağlı olarak toplumsal katılım düzeyi farklılık gösterebilmektedir. 25-30 yaşları arasında 549 genç ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, haberleri takip etmekte kullanılan kitle iletişim aracının türüne ve sosyo-demografik değişkenlere göre toplumsal faaliyetlere katılım düzeyi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca toplumsal katılımın haberleri takip etmeyle ve toplumsal konular ile ilgili görüşleri ifade etme amacı ile sosyal medya kullanımıyla ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Toplumsal katılım düzeyi “Toplumsal Katılım Ölçeği”, kitle iletişim araçlarının kullanımı “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile ölçümlenmiştir. Toplumsal katılım ile gazete okuma arasındaki ilişkinin, toplumsal katılım ile televizyon ve internet arasındaki ilişkiden daha güçlü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Haberleri takip etmenin ve sosyal medyada görüşlerin ifade edilmesinin toplumsal katılımı yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bulgular; iletişim kuramları ve toplumsal katılım araştırmaları ile ilişkili olarak tartışılmıştır

Kaynakça

  • • Andolina, M. W., Jenkins, K., Zukin, C., & Keeter, S. (2003). Habits from home, lessons from school: Influences on youth civic engagement. PS: Political Science and Politics, 36(2), 275-280.
  • • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55 (5), 469-480.
  • • Atkin, C. K., & Gantz, W. (1978). Television news and political socialization. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 42 (2), 183–198.
  • • Bachmann I., Kaufhold K., Lewis, S. C., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2010). News platform preference: Advancing the effects of age and media consumption on political participation. International Journal of Internet Science, 5(1), 34–47.
  • • Bobek, D., Zaff, J., Li, Y., & Lerner, R. M. (2009). Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components of civic action: Towards an integrated measure of civic engagement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(5), 615-627.
  • • Boulianne, S. (2009). Does internet use affect engagement? A meta-analysis of research. Political Communication, 26 (2), 193–211.
  • • Buckingham, D. (1997) News media, political socialization and popular citizenship: Towards a new agenda. Critical Studies in Mass Communication 14(4), 344–366.
  • • Chaffe, S., Ward, S., & Tipton, L. (1970). Mass communication and political socialization. Journalism Quarterly, 47, 647-659.
  • • Cicognani, E., Zani, B., Fournier, B., Gavray, C., & Born, M. (2012). Gender differences in youths’ political engagement and participation. The role of parents and of adolescents’ social and civic participation. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 561–76.
  • • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
  • • Crocetti, E., Jahromi, P., & Meeus, W. (2012). Identity and civic engagement in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 521–532.
  • • Da Silva, L., Sanson, A., Smart, D., & Toumbourou, J. (2004). Civic responsibility among Australian adolescents: Testing two competing models. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(3), 229–255.
  • • Delli Carpini, M. X. (2000). Gen.com: Youth, civic engagement, and the new information environment. Political Communication, 17(4), 341-349.
  • • Erentaitė, R., Žukauskienė, R., Beyers, W., & Pilkauskaitė-Valickienė, R. (2012). Is news media related to civic engagement? The effects of interest in and discussions about the news media on current and future civic engagement of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 587–597.
  • • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publications.
  • • Flanagan, C. A., Bowes, J. M., Jonsson, B., Csapo, B., & Sheblanova, E. (1998). Ties that bind: Correlates of adolescents’ civic commitments in seven countries. Journal of Social Issues, 54(3), 457-475.
  • • Flanagan, C., Syvertsen, A. K., & Stout, M. (2007). Civic measurement models: Tapping adolescents’ civic engagement. Pennsylvania: CIRCLE. 12 Şubat 2016’da http://www.politicipublice.ro/uploads/adolescents.pdf adresinden indirildi.
  • • Flanagan, C., & Levine, P. (2010). Civic engagement and the transition to adulthood. The Future of Children, 20(1), 159–179.
  • • Gil de Zúñiga, H., Jung, N., & Valenzuela., S. (2012). Social media use for news and ındividuals’ social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 17(3), 319–336.
  • • Greenstein, F. I. (1965). Children and politics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • • Hao, X., Wen, N., & George, C. (2014). News consumption and political and civic engagement among young people. Journal of Youth Studies, 17(9), 1221–1238.
  • • Hastings, P. D., McShane, K. E., Parker, R., & Ladha, F. (2007). Ready to make nice: Parental socialization of young sons’ and daughters’ prosocial behaviors with peers. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 168(2), 177–200.
  • • Hess, R. D., & Torney, J. V. (1967). The Development of Political Attitudes In Children. Chicago: Aldine Publication.
  • • Hyman, H. H. (1959). Political socialization: A study ın the psychology of political behavior. New York: Free Press.
  • • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1981). Çocuğun değeri: Türkiye›de değerler ve doğurganlık. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İdari Bilimler Fakültesi.
  • • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000). Kültürel Psikoloji: Kültür bağlamında insan ve aile. İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
  • • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • • Katz, E., Gurevitch, M., & Haas, H. (1973). On the use of the mass media for Important things. American Sociological Review, 38 (2), 164-181.
  • • Kirlin, M. (2003). The role of civic skills in fostering civic engagement in fostering civic engagement. Pennsylvania: CIRCLE. 13 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/WorkingPapers/ WP06Kirlin.pdf adresinden indirildi.
  • • Klofstad, C. A. (2007). Talk leads to recruitment. How discussions about politics and current events increase civic participation. Political Research Quarterly, 60, 180-191.
  • • Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologists, 53(9), 1017–1031.
  • • McDevitt, M., & Chaffee, S. (2002). From top-down to trickle-up influence: Revisiting assumptions about the family in political socialization. Political Communication, 19(3), 281-301.
  • • McLeod, J. M. (2000). Media and civic socialization of youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(2), 45–51.
  • • McLeod, J. M., & Shah, D. V. (2009). Communication and political socialization: Challenges and opportunities for research. Political Communication, 26(1), 1-10.
  • • Min, S. (2010). From the digital divide to the democratic divide: Internet skills, political interest, and the second-level digital divide in political internet use. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 7(1), 22–35.
  • • Newton, K. (1999). Mass media effects: Mobilization or media malaise? British Journal of Political Science, 29, 577–599.
  • • Niemi, R. G., & Hepburn, M. A. (1995). The rebirth of political socialization. Perspectives on Political Science, 24, 7–17.
  • • Norris, P. (1996). Does television erode social capital? A reply to Putnam. Political Science and Politics, 29, 474–480.
  • • Pancer, S. M., Pratt, M., Hunsberger, B., & Alisat, S. (2007). Community and political involvement in adolescence: What distinguishes the activists from the uninvolved? Journal of Community Psychology, 35(6), 741–759.
  • • Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6 (1), 65–78.
  • • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • • Quintelier, E. (2011). Political socialization among young people: Evidence from a two-year panel study. Politics, Culture and Socialization, 2(2), 193–206.
  • • Schlozman, K. L., Verba, S., & Brady, H. E. (2010). Weapon of the strong? Participatory inequality and the internet. Perspectives on Politics, 8(2), 487–509.
  • • Sears, D. O., & Brown, C. (2003). Childhood and adult political development. Huddy, L., Sears, D. O., & Levy, J. S. (Eds.) Oxford handbook of political psychology içinde (pp. 59–95). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • • Shah, D. V. (1998). Civic engagement, interpersonal trust, and television use: An individual-level assessment of social capital. Political Psychology, 19(3), 469– 496.
  • • Shah, D. V., Kwak, N., & Holbert, R. L. (2001). “Connecting” and “disconnecting” with civic life: Patterns of internet use and the production of social capital. Political Communication, 18(2), 141–162.
  • • Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., & Yoon, S. (2001). Communication, context, and community: An exploration of print, broadcast, and Internet influences. Communication Research, 28, 464-506.
  • • Shah, D. V., Cho, J., Eveland, W. P., & Kwak, N. (2005). Information and expression in a digital age: Modeling internet effects on civic participation. Communication Research, 32, 531–565.
  • • Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., & Lee, N. (2009). Communication competence as a foundation for civic competence: Processes of socialization into citizenship. Political Communication, 26, 102–117.
  • • Skoric, M. M., & Poor, N. (2013). Youth engagement in Singapore: The interplay of social and traditional media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(2), 187–204.
  • • Torney-Purta, J. (2004). Adolescents’ political socialization in changing contexts: An international study in the spirit of Nevitt Sanford. Political Psychology, 25(3), 465-478.
  • • Yates, M., & Youniss, J. (1996). Community service and political-moral identity in adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 6, 271-284.
  • • Youniss, J., McLellan, J. A., & Yates, M. (1997). What we know about engendering civic identity. The American Behavioral Scientist, 40(5), 620-631.
  • • Youniss, J., McLellan, J.A., Su, Y., & Yates, M. (1999). The role of community service in identity development: Normative, unconventional, and deviant orientations. Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(2), 248–261.
  • • Youniss, J., Bales, S., Christmas-Best, V., Diversi, M., McLaughlin, M., & Silbereisen, R. (2002). Youth civic engagement in the twenty-first century. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12, 121–48.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Petek Akman Özdemir Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 14

Kaynak Göster

APA Akman Özdemir, P. (2018). Gençlik Döneminde Siyasal Toplumsallaşma: Toplumsal Katılım İle Kitle İletişim Araçları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(14), 171-196.

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