Gençlik Döneminde Siyasal Toplumsallaşma: Toplumsal Katılım İle Kitle İletişim Araçları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 14, 171 - 196, 01.01.2018

Petek Akman Özdemir

Öz

Aile, okul, arkadaşlar gibi çok sayıda etmen çocukların ve gençlerin siyasal toplumsallaşma sürecinde rol oynamaktadır. Kitle iletişim araçları gençlerin siyasal ve toplumsal değerlerinin, tutumlarının ve davranışlarının gelişimine etki etmektedir. Siyasal toplumsallaşmanın önemli bir bileşeni ya da sonucu siyasal ve toplumsal faaliyetlere katılımı kapsayan toplumsal katılımdır. Gazete ve televizyonun yanı sıra internetin gençlerin toplumsal katılımında önemli etkisi bulunmaktadır. Kullanılan kitle iletişim aracının türüne ve kullanım amacına bağlı olarak toplumsal katılım düzeyi farklılık gösterebilmektedir. 25-30 yaşları arasında 549 genç ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, haberleri takip etmekte kullanılan kitle iletişim aracının türüne ve sosyo-demografik değişkenlere göre toplumsal faaliyetlere katılım düzeyi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca toplumsal katılımın haberleri takip etmeyle ve toplumsal konular ile ilgili görüşleri ifade etme amacı ile sosyal medya kullanımıyla ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Toplumsal katılım düzeyi “Toplumsal Katılım Ölçeği”, kitle iletişim araçlarının kullanımı “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile ölçümlenmiştir. Toplumsal katılım ile gazete okuma arasındaki ilişkinin, toplumsal katılım ile televizyon ve internet arasındaki ilişkiden daha güçlü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Haberleri takip etmenin ve sosyal medyada görüşlerin ifade edilmesinin toplumsal katılımı yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bulgular; iletişim kuramları ve toplumsal katılım araştırmaları ile ilişkili olarak tartışılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Siyasal Toplumsallaşma, Kitle İletişim Araçları, Toplumsal Katılım

Kaynakça

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