Smartphone Addiction and Sleep Status in Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic
Öz
Aim: This descriptive study investigated smartphone addiction and daytime sleepiness in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The sample consisted of 1001 adolescents living in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (for Adolescents) (SAS-SV). The data were analyzed using descriptive, comparative, and correlational statistics.
Results: Most participants stated that they had spent much more time on their smartphones since the pandemic (87.2%). More than half of the participants noted that they had been on their smartphones for more than 90 minutes daily (63.1%). Less than half of the participants said they spent most of their time on Instagram (44.8%). More than half of the participants reported daytime sleepiness (55.7%). Less than half of the participants had a moderate-level sleep status (44.8%). There was a positive correlation between CASQ “sleep in school” and “sleep in the evening” subscale scores.
Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents are at high risk of smartphone addiction, affecting daytime sleepiness. Therefore, we need interventions to reduce the risk of psychological problems and daytime sleepiness in adolescents.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Adolescents, COVID-19, Daytime sleepiness, Smartphone addiction
Kaynakça
- Tzavela EC, Karakitsou C, Dreier M, Mavromati F, Wölfling K, Halapi E, et al. Processes discriminating adaptive and maladaptive Internet use among European adolescents highly engaged online. Journal of adolescence. 2015;40:34-47.
- Farsani SI, Allahbakhshi K, Valipour AA, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A. Some facts on problematic Internet use and sleep disturbance among adolescents. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2016;45(11):1531.
- Tsitsika A, Janikian M, Schoenmakers TM, Tzavela EC, Olafsson K, Wójcik S, et al. Internet addictive behavior in adolescence: a cross-sectional study in seven European countries. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking. 2014;17(8):528-35.
- Hu T, Wang Y, Lin L, Tang W. The mediating role of daytime sleepiness between problematic smartphone use and post-traumatic symptoms in COVID-19 home-refined adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review. 2021;126:106012.
- Kamaruddin PSNM, Nawi AM. Smartphone usage and pattern on self-reported symptoms among medical students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia during the COVID-19 lockdown. 2020.
- Bates LC, Zieff G, Stanford K, Moore JB, Kerr ZY, Hanson ED, et al. COVID-19 impact on behaviors across the 24-hour day in children and adolescents: physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Children. 2020;7(9):138.
- Bjorvatn B, Pallesen S. A practical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep medicine reviews. 2009;13(1):47-60.
- Sonka K, Susta M. Diagnosis and management of central hypersomnias. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders. 2012;5(5):297-305.
- Brunborg GS, Mentzoni RA, Molde H, Myrseth H, Skouverøe KJM, Bjorvatn B, et al. The relationship between media use in the bedroom, sleep habits and symptoms of insomnia. Journal of sleep research. 2011;20(4):569-75.
- Cain N, Gradisar M. Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review. Sleep medicine. 2010;11(8):735-42.