Osseointegre dental implantların fraktürleri: Kapsamlı bir derleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3, 512 - 518, 30.06.2025

Antigoni Delantoni , Dilara Nur Şengün , Kaan Orhan

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1643015

Öz

Özet

Amaç: Dental implantlar dişsiz hastalara fonksiyonel ve estetik çözümler sağlamaktadır. Yüksek başarı oranlarına rağmen tedavi süresince çeşitli komplikasyonlar meydana gelebilmektedir. İmplant fraktürleri genellikle implantın kaybıyla sonuçlanan ciddi bir komplikasyondur. Bu kapsamlı derleme çalışması, implant kırıklarının nedenlerini ve tedavi seçeneklerini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Yöntem: Farklı bilimsel veritabanları ve çeşitli uluslararası bilimsel dergiler kullanılarak literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen yayınların arasından sistemetik derlemeler, meta-analizler ve randomize kontrollü çalışmalar seçilerek örnekleme dahil edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Hatalı tasarım veya üretim, uyumsuz restorasyonlar, yükleme protokolleri, bruksizm veya ağır oklüzal kuvvetler, restorasyonun tasarımı, implant konumu ve çapı, metal yorgunluğu ve implant çevresindeki kemik kaybı da dahil olmak üzere dental implant fraktürlerine neden olan birçok faktör bildirilmiştir. Literatürde üç farklı tedavi seçeneğinden bahsedilmektedir. Bunlar; kırılan implantın tamamen çıkarılmasını, kırılan implantın koronal kısmının çıkarılmasını veya apikal kısma yönelik birtakım girişimleri içermektedir.

Sonuç: İmplant tedavisi yaygınlaştıkça diş hekimlerinin implant kırıklarıyla karşılaşma ve tedavi etmek zorunda kalma olasılıkları da artmaktadır. Bu hem hasta hem de diş hekimi için can sıkıcı bir komplikasyondur çünkü genellikle implantın ve restorasyonun kaybı ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle klinisyenlerin implant kırıklarının olası nedenlerini araştırmaları, tedaviyi kırıkları önleyecek şekilde planlamaları ve kırık meydana gelmesi durumunda ilgili hasta için en uygun tedavi seçeneğine karar verebilmeleri önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

diş implantları , implant fraktürleri , implant çıkarılması , peri-implantitis

Fracture of Osseointegrated Dental Implants: A Comprehensive Review

Öz

Abtract

Aim: Dental implants constitute functional and aesthetic solutions for edentulous patients. Despite their high success rates, complications may occur. Implant fracture is a severe complication since it usually results in loss of the implant. This comprehensive review study aims to present the causes and treatment options for implant fractures.
Methods: A literature review was carried out utilizing electronic databases and international scientific journals. Of the articles included, most were reviews of the literature, some reviews of the literature combined with case reports, cohort studies, and case reports. A meta-analysis was also included in the sample.
Results: Many factors have been implicated to cause dental implant fractures, including faulty design or production, ill-fitting restorations, loading protocols, bruxism or heavy occlusal forces, design of the restoration, implant location and diameter, metal fatigue, and bone loss around the implant. In the literature, three different treatment options are mentioned: complete extraction of the fractured implant, removal of the coronal portion of the fractured implant, and either placement of a new prosthetic post or leaving the remaining apical part dormant in the bone.
Conclusions: As implant treatment becomes popular, dentists are more likely to encounter and treat implant fractures. This is a frustrating complication for the patient and the dentist because it usually leads to the loss of the implant and the restoration. Therefore, it is suggested that clinicians study the possible causes of implant fractures and plan the treatment properly to prevent fractures and apply the best individualized treatment option should it occur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dental implants , peri-implant fracture , implant removal , peri-implantitis

Kaynakça

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