The Role of Antipsychotic Treatments in Neutrophil/Lymphocyte, Platelet/Lymphocyte, Monocyte/Lymphocyte, Monocyte/HDL Ratios and Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index Values for Patients with Schizophrenia
Öz
ABSTRACT
Backround/Aims: Abnormal systemic inflammatory responses play a significant role in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), monocyte-HDL ratio (MHR) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) have recently been used as markers of inflammation. The aim of our study is to examine the relationship between NLR, PLR, MLR, MHR, and SII values of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatments.
Methods: One hundred ninety four individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who were followed up in Psychotic Disorders Polyclinic of the Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, were included in the study. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet and monocyte counts, HDL values were obtained retrospectively from blood tests. NLR, PLR, MLR, MHR, and SII were calculated.
Results: The mean age of patients was 44.38 ± 12.67 years. In total, 85 (43.8 %) patients were female. PLR, and SII were statistically significantly greater in females than in male group (p<0.001, p<0.018). Among the patient groups, MHR levels were significantly higher in the male group than in the female group (p<0.003). No significant difference was found between different antipsychotic treatments used in schizophrenia patients in terms of inflammatory markers (p > 0.05). However, a negative correlation was found between paliperidone long-acting injectable treatment duration and NLR and SII (PP-LAI and NLR, r: -0.26, p=0.026; PP-LAI and SII, r: -0.26, p=0.03).
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a negative correlation between the duration paliperidone long-acting injectable treatment and NLR and SII. This suggests that a longer duration of paliperidone long-acting treatment may contribute to a reduction in inflammation. Also, differences were found between genders in PLR, MHR, and SII as a result. It is thought that understanding the gender-based differences and role of antipsychotic treatments on inflammatory markers may provide better understanding of schizophrenia pathogenesis and help to find better treatment options.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antipsychotic, inflammatory response, monocyte/HDL ratio, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio systemic immune inflammatory index, schizophrenia
Etik Beyan
Patients were evaluated after approval was obtained Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2023/482, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine-2023).
Kaynakça
- 1. Tandon R, Nasrallah HA, Keshavan MS. Schizophrenia, "just the facts" 4. Clinical features and conceptualization. Schizophr. Res 2009; 110 (1-3):1–23.
- 2. Moreno-Küstner B, Martín C, Pastor L. Prevalence of psychotic disorders and its association with methodological issues. A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2018; 13(4):e0195687.
- 3. Jauhar S, Johnstone M, McKenna PJ. Schizophrenia. Lancet. 2022; 399(10323):473–486.
- 4. McGrath J, Saha S, Chant D, Welham J. Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiol Rev 2008; 30(1):67-76.
- 5. Siever LJ, Davis KL. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia disorders: perspectives from the spectrum. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161(3):398-413.
- 6. Owen MJ, O’Donovan MC, Thapar A, Craddock N. Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 2011; 198:173– 175.
- 7. Khandaker GM, Cousins L, Deakin J, Lennox BR, Yolken R, Jones PB. Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry 2015; 2(3):258–270.
- 8. González-Peñas J, Alloza C, Brouwer R, Díaz-Caneja CM, Costas J, González-Lois N. Accelerated cortical thinning in schizophrenia is associated with rare and common predisposing variation to schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96(5):376-389.
- 9. Kochunov P, Hong LE. Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative models of schizophrenia: white matter at the center stage. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40(4):721–728.
- 10. Medzhitov R. Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 2008; 454(7203):428-435.