Klinik Araştırma
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Three-Year Experience With KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS Mutations in Colon Cancer: A Single-Center Study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 6, 1291 - 1296, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1763423

Öz

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the molecular mutation profiles of KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS in patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma over the past three years in a single tertiary center, and to assess potential associations between mutation status and clinicopathological parameters such as grade, age, gender, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and tumor size.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma between 2017 and 2020 and who underwent molecular testing were included. KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS mutation results, along with clinical and histopathological data, were retrospectively collected and statistically analyzed.
Results:
KRAS mutations were detected in 52% of cases, while NRAS and BRAF mutations were identified in 6% and 5% of patients, respectively. No statistically significant associations were found between KRAS mutation status and any of the clinicopathological variables. NRAS mutations were significantly associated with larger tumor diameter (p<0.05). BRAF-mutant tumors were predominantly located in the right colon (80%, p<0.05).
Conclusion:
Our findings are consistent with previously reported mutation frequencies in the literature. Among the evaluated mutations, only NRAS mutation showed a statistically significant association with tumor size. No other significant prognostic or demographic correlations were observed. These findings contribute to the growing understanding of the molecular landscape in colon cancer and its clinical relevance.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Arnold M, Sierra MS, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut. 2017;66(4):683-91.
  • 2. Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Kern SE, Preisinger AC, Leppert M, et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(9):525-32.
  • 3. Pino MS, Chung DC. The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(6):2059-72.
  • 4. Grady WM, Carethers JM. Genomic and epigenetic instability in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(4):1079-99.
  • 5. Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S, Khayat D, Bleiberg H, Santoro A, et al. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(4):337-45.
  • 6. Lièvre A, Bachet JB, Le Corre D, Boige V, Landi B, Emile JF, et al. KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 2006;66(8):3992-5.
  • 7. Laurent-Puig P, Cayre A, Manceau G, Buc E, Bachet JB, Lecomte T, et al. Analysis of PTEN, BRAF, and EGFR status in determining benefit from cetuximab therapy in wild-type KRAS metastatic colon cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(35):5924-30.
  • 8. Lièvre A, Bachet JB, Boige V, Cayre A, Le Corre D, Buc E, et al. KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(3):374-9.
  • 9. Bruzzi M, Brambilla M, Roca E, Sobrero A, Zagonel V, Lonardi S, et al. Influence of molecular status on recurrence site in patients treated for stage III colon cancer: a post hoc analysis of the PETACC-8 trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26(11):3561-7.
  • 10. Wang J, Shen J, Huang C, Cao M, Shen L. Clinicopathological significance of BRAFV600E mutation in colorectal cancer: an updated meta-analysis. J Cancer. 2019;10(10):2332-41.
  • 11. Rasool M, Pushparaj PN, Buhmeida A, Karim S. Mutational spectrum of BRAF gene in colorectal cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(10):5906-12.
  • 12. Clarke CN, Kopetz ES. BRAF mutant colorectal cancer as a distinct subset of colorectal cancer: clinical characteristics, clinical behavior, and response to targeted therapies. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015;6(6):660-7.
  • 13. Hartley AV, Martin M, Lu T. Epigenetic biomarkers and their therapeutic applications. In: Advances in the Molecular Understanding of Colorectal Cancer. 2019:79-102.

Kolon Kanserinde KRAS, BRAF ve NRAS Mutasyonları ile Üç Yıllık Deneyim: Tek Merkezli Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 6, 1291 - 1296, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1763423

Öz

Bu çalışmada, hastanemizde son üç yıl içinde kolon adenokarsinomu tanısı almış hastalarda yapılan KRAS, BRAF ve NRAS gen mutasyon analiz sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi ve bu mutasyonların varlığı ile tümör derecesi, yaş, cinsiyet, lenf nodu metastazı, uzak metastaz ve tümör çapı gibi klinikopatolojik parametreler arasındaki farkların araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem:
2017–2020 yılları arasında kolon adenokarsinomu tanısı almış ve moleküler analiz uygulanmış 100 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bu hastalara ait KRAS, BRAF ve NRAS mutasyon analiz sonuçları ile yaş, cinsiyet, tümör çapı, lenf nodu ve uzak metastaz bilgileri hastane bilgi sistemi kayıtlarından retrospektif olarak elde edilip istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular:
KRAS mutasyonu olguların %52’sinde, NRAS ve BRAF mutasyonları ise sırasıyla %6 ve %5 oranında saptandı. KRAS mutasyonu ile klinikopatolojik parametreler arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. NRAS mutasyonu, daha büyük tümör çapı ile anlamlı olarak ilişkiliydi (p<0.05). BRAF mutasyonu olan olguların %80’i sağ kolonda lokalizeydi (p<0.05).
Sonuç:
Çalışmamızda saptanan KRAS, BRAF ve NRAS mutasyon oranları literatürle uyumludur. Bu mutasyonların yalnızca NRAS’ın tümör çapı ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiş, diğer prognostik parametrelerle anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar, kolorektal kanserlerde genetik analizlerin klinik anlamını desteklemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Arnold M, Sierra MS, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut. 2017;66(4):683-91.
  • 2. Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Kern SE, Preisinger AC, Leppert M, et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(9):525-32.
  • 3. Pino MS, Chung DC. The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(6):2059-72.
  • 4. Grady WM, Carethers JM. Genomic and epigenetic instability in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(4):1079-99.
  • 5. Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S, Khayat D, Bleiberg H, Santoro A, et al. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(4):337-45.
  • 6. Lièvre A, Bachet JB, Le Corre D, Boige V, Landi B, Emile JF, et al. KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 2006;66(8):3992-5.
  • 7. Laurent-Puig P, Cayre A, Manceau G, Buc E, Bachet JB, Lecomte T, et al. Analysis of PTEN, BRAF, and EGFR status in determining benefit from cetuximab therapy in wild-type KRAS metastatic colon cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(35):5924-30.
  • 8. Lièvre A, Bachet JB, Boige V, Cayre A, Le Corre D, Buc E, et al. KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(3):374-9.
  • 9. Bruzzi M, Brambilla M, Roca E, Sobrero A, Zagonel V, Lonardi S, et al. Influence of molecular status on recurrence site in patients treated for stage III colon cancer: a post hoc analysis of the PETACC-8 trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26(11):3561-7.
  • 10. Wang J, Shen J, Huang C, Cao M, Shen L. Clinicopathological significance of BRAFV600E mutation in colorectal cancer: an updated meta-analysis. J Cancer. 2019;10(10):2332-41.
  • 11. Rasool M, Pushparaj PN, Buhmeida A, Karim S. Mutational spectrum of BRAF gene in colorectal cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021;28(10):5906-12.
  • 12. Clarke CN, Kopetz ES. BRAF mutant colorectal cancer as a distinct subset of colorectal cancer: clinical characteristics, clinical behavior, and response to targeted therapies. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015;6(6):660-7.
  • 13. Hartley AV, Martin M, Lu T. Epigenetic biomarkers and their therapeutic applications. In: Advances in the Molecular Understanding of Colorectal Cancer. 2019:79-102.
Toplam 13 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Patoloji
Bölüm Klinik Araştırma
Yazarlar

Ethem Ömeroğlu 0000-0002-4943-6871

Ayşe Nur Uğur Kılınç 0000-0002-0439-0101

Zeynep Bayramoğlu 0000-0001-7075-8819

Yaşar Ünlü 0000-0002-3951-8881

Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 3 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Ömeroğlu E, Uğur Kılınç AN, Bayramoğlu Z, Ünlü Y. Three-Year Experience With KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS Mutations in Colon Cancer: A Single-Center Study. Genel Tıp Derg. 2025;35(6):1291-6.