Prekonsepsiyonel Dönemdeki Kadınların Sağlık Davranışları Değişim Aşamaları (Transteoretik Model): Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 4, 330 - 338, 15.12.2021

Yasemin Erkal Aksoy Melek Gülsün Özentürk

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1036367

Cited By: 1

Öz

Amaç: Prekonsepsiyonel bakım, gebelik planlayan ya da gebelik düşünmeyen bir kadının sağlığını, sağlık davranışlarını ve bilgilerini optimize etmek olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; hiç gebelik yaşamamış, gebelik düşünen kadınlara verilen eğitimin kadınlardaki sağlık davranışları değişim aşamalarına (transteoretik model) etkisinin incelenmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, randomize kontrollü eğitim müdahale çalışmasıdır. Örneklem büyüklüğü G*Power 3.1.7 programı ile her grupta en az 88 kadın olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma 180 kadın ile sonlandırılmıştır. Merkeze gelen kadınlar örneklem kriterleri açısından değerlendirilmiş ve randomize örnekleme yöntemi ile iki gruba ayrılmıştır. İlk görüşmede tüm kadınlara: Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Prekonsepsiyonel Risk Değerlendirme Formu, Değişim Aşamalarını Değerlendirme Formu, Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II, Genel Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği doldurtulmuştur. Girişim grubundaki kadınlara gebeliğe hazırlık eğitimi ve Prekonsepsiyonel Bakım Rehberi adlı bir rehber kitap verilmiştir. Kontrol grubundaki kadınlar eğitim verilmemiştir.

Bulgular: Girişim grubunda yer alan kadınların; folik asit kullanma, düzenli fiziksel aktivite uygulama, yeterli ve dengeli beslenme açısından değişim aşamaları ön-son test sonuçlarına göre aralarında bulunan farkın istatistiksel olarak da anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Prekonsepsiyonel dönemde verilen gebeliğe hazırlık eğitiminin, folik asit kullanımı, düzenli fiziksel aktivite, yeterli ve dengeli beslenme değişim aşamaları açısından etkili olduğu, ölçek puan ortalamalarında anlamlı artış sağladığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Prekonsepsiyonel dönem, transteoretik model, eğitim, gebeliğe hazırlık, ebelik

Women's Health Behaviors Stages of Change (Transtheoretical Model) in Preconception Period: A Randomized Control Study

Öz

Objective: Preconceptional care can be defined as optimizing the health, health behaviors and information of a woman who plans a pregnancy. The study’s aim was to investigate the effect given education women who have never had any pregnancy, considering pregnancy to stages of change of health behaviors in women.

Materials and Methods: The study is a randomized controlled education intervention trial. The sample size was calculated to be at least 88 women in each group with G*Power 3.1.7 program. The study was terminated with 180 women. The women who came to the center were evaluated in terms of sample criteria and randomized sampling was divided into two groups. In the first interview, all the women were given: Introductory Information Form, Preconceptional Risk Assessment Form, Evaluation Form of Change Stages, Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale-II and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Women who intervention group was training to preparation for pregnancy and was given a guide book called on Preconception Care Guide. Women in the control group were not trained.

Results: The women in intervention group between pre-post test results statistically was found to be increased significant difference that based on the effect health behaviors on the stages of change given education about use of folic acid, practice of regular physical activity, adequate and balanced nutrition.

Conclusions: Pregnancy preparation training given in the preconception period had a positive effect on the use of folic acid, regular physical activity, and change in health behaviors towards adequate and balanced nutrition, general self-efficacy level and healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Preconception period, transtheoretical model, education, pregnancy preparation, midwifery

Kaynakça

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