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Yüksek irtifa antrenmanının pentatlon sporcularında oksidatif stres ve antioksidan savunma belirteçleri üzerine etkisi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 95 - 99, 01.09.2017

Muaz Belviranlı Nilsel Okudan Banu Kabak Murat Erdoğan Muharrem Karanfilci Ahmet Mustafa Ada

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı elit pentatlon sporcularında yükselti antrenmanın oksidatif stres ve antioksidan savunma sistemi belirteçleri üzerine etkilerini incelemekti. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 24-40 yaşları arasında, düzenli antrenman yapan on iki elit erkek pentatlon sporcusu katıldı. Sporcuların deniz seviyesindeki son antrenmanlarından 24 saat sonra istirahat kanları alındı. Daha sonra sporculara 2500 metre yükseklikte 4 hafta süreyle yükselti antrenmanı yaptırıldı ve antrenman sonrasında son antrenmandan 24 saat sonra sporculardan tekrar açlık kan örnekleri alındı. Kan örneklerinde malondialdehit MDA , glutatyon GSH seviyeleri ve süperoksit dismutaz SOD aktivitesi analiz edildi. Bulgular: Sporcularda yüksek irtifa antrenmanından sonra antrenman öncesine göre MDA ve GSH seviyeleri artmıştı P < 0,05 , fakat SOD aktivitesinde herhangi bir değişiklik yoktu P > 0,05 . Sonuç: Bu çalışmadan elde ettiğimiz bulgulara göre yükselti antrenmanı elit pentatlon sporcularda oksidatif stresi artırıp enzimatik olmayan antioksidan sistemini güçlendirirken enzimatik antioksidan sistemini etkilemez

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yükselti antrenmanı oksidatif stres antioksidan savunma pentatlon

Kaynakça

  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Pres New York USA 2000:534- 7.
  • Nakanishi K, Tajima F, Nakamura A, Yagura S, Ookawara T, Yamashita H, Suzuki K, Taniguchi N, Ohno H. Effects of hypobaric hypoxia on antioxidant enzymes in rats. J Physiol 1995 ;489:869-76.
  • Netzer N, Gatterer H, Faulhaber M, Burtscher M, Pramsoh- ler S, Pesta D. Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress and Fat. Biomole- cules 2015;5:1143-50.
  • Belviranli M, Okudan N. Well-Known Antioxidants and Newcomers in Sport Nutrition: Coenzyme Q10, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Pterostilbene, Pycnogenol and Astaxanthin. In: Lamprecht M, editor. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2015:79-102.
  • Jones DP. Redox theory of aging. Redox Biol 2015;5:71-9.
  • Pialoux V, Mounier R, Rock E, Mazur A, Schmitt L, Richa- let JP, Robach P, Coudert J, Fellmann N. Effects of acute hy- poxic exposure on prooxidant/antioxidant balance in elite endurance athletes. Int J Sports Med 2009;30:87-93.
  • Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force producti- on. Physiol Rev 2008;88:1243–76.
  • Urso ML, Clarkson PM. Oxidative stress, exercise, and anti- oxidant supplementation. Toxicology 2003;189:41-54.
  • Finaud J, Lac G, Filaire E. Oxidative stress: Relationship with exercise and training. Sports Med 2006;36:327-58.
  • De Groot H, Littauer A. Hypoxia, reactive oxygen, and cell injury. Free Radic Biol Med 1989;6:541-51.
  • Simon-Schnass IM. Nutrition at high altitude. J Nutr 1992;122:778-81.
  • Le Meur Y, Dorel S, Baup Y, Guyomarch JP, Roudaut C, Hausswirth C. Physiological demand and pacing strategy during the new combined event in elite pentathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012;112:2583-93.
  • Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. "Living high-training low": effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low-altitu- de training on performance. J Appl Physiol 1997;83:102-12.
  • Millet GP, Faiss R, Brocherie F, Girard O. Hypoxic training and team sports: a challenge to traditional methods? Br J Sports Med 2013;47:i6–7.
  • Pialoux V, Brugniaux JV, Rock E, Mazur A, Schmitt L, Ric- halet JP, Robach P, Clottes E, Coudert J, Fellmann N, Mou- nier R. Antioxidant status of elite athletes remains impaired 2 weeks after a simulated altitude training camp. Eur J Nutr 2010;49:285-92.
  • Quindry J, Dumke C, Slivka D, Ruby B. Impact of extreme exercise at high altitude on oxidative stress in humans. J Physiol 2016;594:5093-104.
  • Subudhi AW, Jacobs KA, Hagobian TA, Fattor JA, Fulco CS, Muza SR, Rock PB, Hoffman AR, Cymerman A, Friedlan- der AL. Antioxidant supplementation does not attenuate oxidative stress at high altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 2004;75:881-8.
  • Pfeiffer JM, Askew EW, Roberts DE, Wood SM, Benson JE, Johnson SC, Freedman MS. Effect of antioxidant supple- mentation on urine and blood markers of oxidative stress during extended moderate-altitude training. Wilderness Environ Med 1999;10:66-74.
  • Vani R, Reddy CS, Asha Devi S. Oxidative stress in erythro- cytes: a study on the effect of antioxidant mixtures during intermittent exposures to high altitude. Int J Biometeorol 2010;54:553-62.
  • Vij AG, Dutta R, Satija NK. Acclimatization to oxidative stress at high altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2005;6:301-10.
  • Yoshikawa T, Furukawa Y, Wakamatsu Y, Takemura S, Ta- naka H, Kondo M. Experimental hypoxia and lipid peroxi- de in rats. Biochem Med 1982;27:207-13.
  • Krzeszowiak J, Zawadzki M, Markiewicz-Górka I, Kawalec A, Pawlas K. The influence of 9-day trekking in the Alps on the level of oxidative stress parameters and blood pa- rameters in native lowlanders. Ann Agric Environ Med 2014;21:585-9.
  • Ribon A, Pialoux V, Saugy JJ, Rupp T, Faiss R, Debevec T, Millet GP. Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia results in higher oxidative stress compared to normobaric hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016;223:23-7.
  • Sinha S, Ray US, Saha M, Singh SN, Tomar OS. Antioxidant and redox status after maximal aerobic exercise at high al- titude in acclimatized lowlanders and native highlanders. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009;106:807-14.
  • Johnson TE, Henderson S, Murakami S, de Castro E, de Castro SH, Cypser J, Rikke B, Tedesco P, Link C. Longevity genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also mediate increased resistance to stress and prevent disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2002;25:197-206.
  • Vats P, Singh VK, Singh SN, Singh SB. Glutathione meta- bolism under high-altitude stress and effect of antioxidant supplementation. Aviat Space Environ Med 2008;79:1106- 11.

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 95 - 99, 01.09.2017

Muaz Belviranlı Nilsel Okudan Banu Kabak Murat Erdoğan Muharrem Karanfilci Ahmet Mustafa Ada

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of altitude training on oxidative stress and antioxidant system defense markers in elite pentathletes. Materials and Methods: Twelve elite male regularly trained pentathletes aged 24-40 years were participated in the study. Fasting blood samples were taken from the athletes 24 hours after the last training session at sea level. After that, athletes were performed altitude training at 2500 meters for 4 weeks and 24 hours after the last training session fasting blood samples were taken again. In the blood samples malondialdehyde MDA , glutathione GSH levels and superoxide dismutase SOD activity were analyzed. Results: In the athletes, after the altitude training MDA and GSH were levels increased P < 0.05 , but SOD activity were not changed P > 0.05 compared to the pre-training. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this study, altitude training increased oxidative stress and improved non-enzymatic antioxidant system but does not affects enzymatic antioxidant system in the elite pentathletes

Anahtar Kelimeler

Altitude training oxidative stress antioxidant defense pentathlon

Kaynakça

  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Pres New York USA 2000:534- 7.
  • Nakanishi K, Tajima F, Nakamura A, Yagura S, Ookawara T, Yamashita H, Suzuki K, Taniguchi N, Ohno H. Effects of hypobaric hypoxia on antioxidant enzymes in rats. J Physiol 1995 ;489:869-76.
  • Netzer N, Gatterer H, Faulhaber M, Burtscher M, Pramsoh- ler S, Pesta D. Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress and Fat. Biomole- cules 2015;5:1143-50.
  • Belviranli M, Okudan N. Well-Known Antioxidants and Newcomers in Sport Nutrition: Coenzyme Q10, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Pterostilbene, Pycnogenol and Astaxanthin. In: Lamprecht M, editor. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2015:79-102.
  • Jones DP. Redox theory of aging. Redox Biol 2015;5:71-9.
  • Pialoux V, Mounier R, Rock E, Mazur A, Schmitt L, Richa- let JP, Robach P, Coudert J, Fellmann N. Effects of acute hy- poxic exposure on prooxidant/antioxidant balance in elite endurance athletes. Int J Sports Med 2009;30:87-93.
  • Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force producti- on. Physiol Rev 2008;88:1243–76.
  • Urso ML, Clarkson PM. Oxidative stress, exercise, and anti- oxidant supplementation. Toxicology 2003;189:41-54.
  • Finaud J, Lac G, Filaire E. Oxidative stress: Relationship with exercise and training. Sports Med 2006;36:327-58.
  • De Groot H, Littauer A. Hypoxia, reactive oxygen, and cell injury. Free Radic Biol Med 1989;6:541-51.
  • Simon-Schnass IM. Nutrition at high altitude. J Nutr 1992;122:778-81.
  • Le Meur Y, Dorel S, Baup Y, Guyomarch JP, Roudaut C, Hausswirth C. Physiological demand and pacing strategy during the new combined event in elite pentathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012;112:2583-93.
  • Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. "Living high-training low": effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low-altitu- de training on performance. J Appl Physiol 1997;83:102-12.
  • Millet GP, Faiss R, Brocherie F, Girard O. Hypoxic training and team sports: a challenge to traditional methods? Br J Sports Med 2013;47:i6–7.
  • Pialoux V, Brugniaux JV, Rock E, Mazur A, Schmitt L, Ric- halet JP, Robach P, Clottes E, Coudert J, Fellmann N, Mou- nier R. Antioxidant status of elite athletes remains impaired 2 weeks after a simulated altitude training camp. Eur J Nutr 2010;49:285-92.
  • Quindry J, Dumke C, Slivka D, Ruby B. Impact of extreme exercise at high altitude on oxidative stress in humans. J Physiol 2016;594:5093-104.
  • Subudhi AW, Jacobs KA, Hagobian TA, Fattor JA, Fulco CS, Muza SR, Rock PB, Hoffman AR, Cymerman A, Friedlan- der AL. Antioxidant supplementation does not attenuate oxidative stress at high altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 2004;75:881-8.
  • Pfeiffer JM, Askew EW, Roberts DE, Wood SM, Benson JE, Johnson SC, Freedman MS. Effect of antioxidant supple- mentation on urine and blood markers of oxidative stress during extended moderate-altitude training. Wilderness Environ Med 1999;10:66-74.
  • Vani R, Reddy CS, Asha Devi S. Oxidative stress in erythro- cytes: a study on the effect of antioxidant mixtures during intermittent exposures to high altitude. Int J Biometeorol 2010;54:553-62.
  • Vij AG, Dutta R, Satija NK. Acclimatization to oxidative stress at high altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2005;6:301-10.
  • Yoshikawa T, Furukawa Y, Wakamatsu Y, Takemura S, Ta- naka H, Kondo M. Experimental hypoxia and lipid peroxi- de in rats. Biochem Med 1982;27:207-13.
  • Krzeszowiak J, Zawadzki M, Markiewicz-Górka I, Kawalec A, Pawlas K. The influence of 9-day trekking in the Alps on the level of oxidative stress parameters and blood pa- rameters in native lowlanders. Ann Agric Environ Med 2014;21:585-9.
  • Ribon A, Pialoux V, Saugy JJ, Rupp T, Faiss R, Debevec T, Millet GP. Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia results in higher oxidative stress compared to normobaric hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016;223:23-7.
  • Sinha S, Ray US, Saha M, Singh SN, Tomar OS. Antioxidant and redox status after maximal aerobic exercise at high al- titude in acclimatized lowlanders and native highlanders. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009;106:807-14.
  • Johnson TE, Henderson S, Murakami S, de Castro E, de Castro SH, Cypser J, Rikke B, Tedesco P, Link C. Longevity genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also mediate increased resistance to stress and prevent disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2002;25:197-206.
  • Vats P, Singh VK, Singh SN, Singh SB. Glutathione meta- bolism under high-altitude stress and effect of antioxidant supplementation. Aviat Space Environ Med 2008;79:1106- 11.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Muaz Belviranlı Bu kişi benim

Nilsel Okudan Bu kişi benim

Banu Kabak Bu kişi benim

Murat Erdoğan Bu kişi benim

Muharrem Karanfilci Bu kişi benim

Ahmet Mustafa Ada Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Belviranlı M, Okudan N, Kabak B, Erdoğan M, Karanfilci M, Ada AM. Yüksek irtifa antrenmanının pentatlon sporcularında oksidatif stres ve antioksidan savunma belirteçleri üzerine etkisi. Genel Tıp Derg. 2017;27(3):95-9.

Genel Tıp Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.