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Aeginalı Paul: Bizans döneminde ünlü bir cerrah ve tıp doktoru

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 33 - 39, 01.03.2015

Öz

Aeginalı Paul MS.625–690 , Aegina adasında doğmuş ve tıp eğitimini İskenderiye’de almıştır. Hayatı ile ilgili fazla bilgi bulunmayan Paul’un çok fazla seyahat yaptığı bilinmektedir. Yetenekli bir cerrah olan Paul, Bizans doktorlarının en ünlülerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Zamanının tıp ansiklopedisi olan ve yedi kitaptan oluşan Epitom’u yazmıştır. Kitabının orijinal adı “Epitomes iatrikes biblio hepta” Latince adıyla “Epitomae medicae libri septem” ’dır. Aeginalı Paul, Yunan ve Roma tıbbının korunmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Özellikle cerrahi işlemlerle ilgili olan altıncı kitabının cerrahi tarihi için ayrı bir önemi vardır. Cerrahi ile ilgili olan altıncı kitabında litotomi, herniotomi, parasentez, meme amputasyonu ve trakeostomi gibi cerrahi işlemlerin orijinal anlatımları bulunmaktadır. Paul kitabında, göz ameliyatları, diş çekimi, tonsillektomi ameliyatı, burundan polip alınması gibi diğer bazı cerrahi işlemleri de açıklamıştır. Epitom’un yedinci kitabında sadece ilaçlardan söz edilmektedir. Kitap 600 adet bitki ve 80 adet botanik ol- mayan karışımlardan oluşan bir alfabetik katalogu içermekte ayrıca bu ilaçların farmakolojik özellikleri anlatılmaktadır. A e g i n a l ı Paul, Hipokrat’ın ayak izlerini takip etmiş, görüşlerinde Galen’in yazılarını temel almıştır. Sadece kendi dönemini değil sonraki za- manları da etkilemiştir. Bir tıp ansiklopedisi olan kitabı Epitom ile batı ve doğu tıbbı arasında bir iletişim kurmuş, bilgisini ve pek çok cerrahi deneyimini günümüze kadar taşımıştır

Kaynakça

  • Aydın E. Dünya ve Türk Tıp Tarihi. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Güneş Kita- bevi; 2006;61–6.
  • Adams F. The author’s preface. In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegi- neta, vol. 1–3, London, The Syndenham Society, 1844.
  • Mettler CC. Byzantine Materia Medica, In: History of Medicine A Correlative Text, arranged according to subjects. ed: Mettler FA. First ed. Toronto: The Blaklston Company 1947;184-91.
  • Sarton G. Introduction to the History of Science, Baltimore, Willi- ams & Wilkins, 3 Vols(in 5), 1948;356-479.
  • Prioreschi PA. Byzantine and Islamic Medicine, In: History of Medicine. ed: Prioreschi PA. First Ed. Omaha, Horatius Press 2001;65–80.
  • Adams F. On Editor’s preface. In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegi- neta, vol. 1, London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847; V-Vii.
  • Aegineta P. De re medica. Paulou Aiginetou iatrou aristou, bib- lia hepta. En arche hekastou ton biblion deiknytai ta en ekeino pereichomena. Pavli Aeginetae medici optimi, libri septem. In principio singvlorvm librorvm omnia indicantvr, qvae in eo libro continentvr [title romanized; text in Greek]. Venetiis, In aedibvs Aldi, 1528.
  • Gurunluoglu R. Gurunluoglu A. Surgical History Paul of Aegina: Landmark in Surgical Progress. World J. Surg 2003;27:18–25.
  • Pavli Aeginetae Medici Opera Ioanne Gvinterio Andernaco Medi- co peritifsimo Interprete. Eivsdem Guinterij, & Iani Cornarij An- notationes: Item Iacobi Goupyli,& Iacobi Dalechampij Scholia in Eadem Opera. Lugduni, Apud Guliel. Rovillium, 1567.
  • Adams F. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta. Translated from Greek. With a commentary embracing a complete view of the knowledge possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on all subjects connected with medicine and surgery, in three volumes, London, Syndenham Society, 1844–1847
  • Briau R. Chirurgie de Paul d’Egine. Paris, V. Masson, 1855.
  • Adams F. On Heads of The First Book. The Seven Books of Pau- lus Aegineta, vol. 1 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847; 1–183.
  • Adams F. On Heads of The Second Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol.1 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844– 1847;187–330.
  • Adams F. On Heads of The Third Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 1 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;337– 679.
  • Adams F. On Fourth Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 2 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;1–150.
  • Adams F. On Fifth Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 2 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847:155–245.
  • Adams F. On Sixth Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 2 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;247–300.
  • Adams F. Seventh Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 3 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;1–609.
  • Scarborough J. Early Byzantine Pharmacology, In: Dumbarton Oaks Papers, ed: Scarborough J. Dumbarton Oaks Research Lib- rary, Washington, 1984;232.
  • Frost EA. Herbal medicines and interactions with anesthetic agents. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 2006;18:851-78.
  • Leonardo RA. Byzantine surgery. In: History of Surgery, ed: Leo- nardo RA, New York, Froben Press, 1943; 69.
  • Scarborough J. The Classical Antiquity: Medicine and Allied Sciences, In: History of Medicine. ed: Grene R, New York, The Haworth Press Inc, 1988;5-37.
  • Serletis D. Paul of Aegina and Tracheostomy, 10.Annual History of Medicine Days, WA Whitelaw, 2001;26–29.
  • Uzel I. Byzantium Physicians and Byzantium Medicine. Paper pre- sented at: Health in Istanbul from Past to Present; 3-6 November 2010; Istanbul, Turkey; 430-47.
  • Brain D.J. The early history of rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg 1993;9:81–8.
  • Eser C, İleri Derece Travmatik Nazal Deformasyonu Olan Olgu- larda Uygulanan Osteotomili ve Osteotomisiz Açık Septorinop- lasti Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması, Uzmanlık Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Adana, 2009;3–5.
  • Howard BK, Rohrich RJ. Understanding the nasal airway: princip- les and practice. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;109:1128-46; quiz 45-6.
  • Saraf S, Parihar R. Sushruta: Rhinoplasty in 600 B.C. The Internet J Plast Surg 2007;3:152-4.
  • Brain DJ. The early history of rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg 1993;9:81-8.
  • Lascaratos J, Cohen M, Voros D. Plastic surgery of the face in By- zantium in the fourth century. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;106:517-8.
  • Gurunluoglu R, Gurunluoglu A. Paulus Aegineta, a seventh cen- tury encyclopedist and surgeon: his role in the history of plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;108:2072-9.
  • Stoller JK. The History of ıntubation, tracheotomy and airway app- liances. Respiratory Care 1999; 44:595-601.
  • Adams F. On Laryngotomy (Section 33) . In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol 2, London, The Syndenham Society, 1844– 1847; 301-302.
  • Lascaratos J. Otorhinolaryngological diseases in Byzantium (A.D. 324-1453): information from non-medical literary sources. J Lary- ngol Otol 1996;110:913-7.
  • Brorson S. Management of fractures of the humerus in Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome: an historical review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009;467:1907-14.
  • Adams F. On Fracture of the Arm (section 99). In The Seven Bo- oks of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 2 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;456–64.
  • Adams F. On Male Breasts Resembling the Female (section 46). In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, Vol. 2, London, Sydenham Society, 1844–1847; 334–5.
  • Diamondopulos AA, Uroscopy in Byzantium. Am J Nephrol 1997;17:222–7.
  • Adams F. On calculus (section 60). In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta vol. 2, London, Sydenham Society, 1844–1847; 354–363.
  • Evirgen S. İnguinal Hernilerde Ağ Örme ve Mesh İle Onarım Yön- temlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Uzmanlık tezi, Sağlık Bakanlığı Şişli Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi 3.Genel Cerrahi Kliniği İs- tanbul, 2006; 6-7.
  • Lascaratos JG, Tsiamis C, Kostakis A. Surgery for inguinal hernia in Byzantine times (A.D. 324-1453): first scientific descriptions. World J Surg 2003;27:1165-9.
  • Remo S. [Obstetrics and gynecology in the work of the By- zantine Paul of Aegina and the Arab Albucasis]. Minerva Med 1967;58:4118-31.
  • Leonardo RA. Arabian Surgery. In History of Surgery, New York, Froben Press, 1943;93–8.

Paul of Aegina: Most renown Byzantine physician and surgeon

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 33 - 39, 01.03.2015

Öz

Paul of Aegina 625-690 AD was born on the island of Aegina and trained medicine at Alexandria. Not much is known about his life, but he traveled a lot visiting many places. Paul was a very skillful surgeon and accepted as one of the most renown of Byzantine physicians. He wrote medical encyclopedia, the best of his time called “Epitome of Medicine” which consisted of seven books. The original name of his book is “Epitomes iatrikes biblio hepta” Latin: “Epitomae medicae libri septem” . He played an important role as a preserver of Greek and Roman medicine. The most important portion of Paul’s work for the history of medicine is contained in his sixth book on surgery. His book provided original descriptions of procedures including lithotomy, herniotomy, paracentesis, am- putation of breast and tracheostomy. Paul explained some other surgical procedures such as eye surgery, extracting teeth, removing tonsils, removing polyps from the nose. The seventh book of Epitome is devoted only to drugs. The book included 600 plants and 80 non botanical ingredients into an alphabetical catalogue and described their pharmacological properties. Paul of Aegina in particular followed the foot marks of Hippocrates and his ideas were based on the writings of Galen, and influenced not only his own but also the subsequent ages. He communicated between western and eastern medicine with his book Epitoma as a medical encyclopedia and transferred his knowledge with a lot of surgical experience to the subsequent ages

Kaynakça

  • Aydın E. Dünya ve Türk Tıp Tarihi. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Güneş Kita- bevi; 2006;61–6.
  • Adams F. The author’s preface. In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegi- neta, vol. 1–3, London, The Syndenham Society, 1844.
  • Mettler CC. Byzantine Materia Medica, In: History of Medicine A Correlative Text, arranged according to subjects. ed: Mettler FA. First ed. Toronto: The Blaklston Company 1947;184-91.
  • Sarton G. Introduction to the History of Science, Baltimore, Willi- ams & Wilkins, 3 Vols(in 5), 1948;356-479.
  • Prioreschi PA. Byzantine and Islamic Medicine, In: History of Medicine. ed: Prioreschi PA. First Ed. Omaha, Horatius Press 2001;65–80.
  • Adams F. On Editor’s preface. In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegi- neta, vol. 1, London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847; V-Vii.
  • Aegineta P. De re medica. Paulou Aiginetou iatrou aristou, bib- lia hepta. En arche hekastou ton biblion deiknytai ta en ekeino pereichomena. Pavli Aeginetae medici optimi, libri septem. In principio singvlorvm librorvm omnia indicantvr, qvae in eo libro continentvr [title romanized; text in Greek]. Venetiis, In aedibvs Aldi, 1528.
  • Gurunluoglu R. Gurunluoglu A. Surgical History Paul of Aegina: Landmark in Surgical Progress. World J. Surg 2003;27:18–25.
  • Pavli Aeginetae Medici Opera Ioanne Gvinterio Andernaco Medi- co peritifsimo Interprete. Eivsdem Guinterij, & Iani Cornarij An- notationes: Item Iacobi Goupyli,& Iacobi Dalechampij Scholia in Eadem Opera. Lugduni, Apud Guliel. Rovillium, 1567.
  • Adams F. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta. Translated from Greek. With a commentary embracing a complete view of the knowledge possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on all subjects connected with medicine and surgery, in three volumes, London, Syndenham Society, 1844–1847
  • Briau R. Chirurgie de Paul d’Egine. Paris, V. Masson, 1855.
  • Adams F. On Heads of The First Book. The Seven Books of Pau- lus Aegineta, vol. 1 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847; 1–183.
  • Adams F. On Heads of The Second Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol.1 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844– 1847;187–330.
  • Adams F. On Heads of The Third Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 1 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;337– 679.
  • Adams F. On Fourth Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 2 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;1–150.
  • Adams F. On Fifth Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 2 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847:155–245.
  • Adams F. On Sixth Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 2 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;247–300.
  • Adams F. Seventh Book. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 3 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;1–609.
  • Scarborough J. Early Byzantine Pharmacology, In: Dumbarton Oaks Papers, ed: Scarborough J. Dumbarton Oaks Research Lib- rary, Washington, 1984;232.
  • Frost EA. Herbal medicines and interactions with anesthetic agents. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 2006;18:851-78.
  • Leonardo RA. Byzantine surgery. In: History of Surgery, ed: Leo- nardo RA, New York, Froben Press, 1943; 69.
  • Scarborough J. The Classical Antiquity: Medicine and Allied Sciences, In: History of Medicine. ed: Grene R, New York, The Haworth Press Inc, 1988;5-37.
  • Serletis D. Paul of Aegina and Tracheostomy, 10.Annual History of Medicine Days, WA Whitelaw, 2001;26–29.
  • Uzel I. Byzantium Physicians and Byzantium Medicine. Paper pre- sented at: Health in Istanbul from Past to Present; 3-6 November 2010; Istanbul, Turkey; 430-47.
  • Brain D.J. The early history of rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg 1993;9:81–8.
  • Eser C, İleri Derece Travmatik Nazal Deformasyonu Olan Olgu- larda Uygulanan Osteotomili ve Osteotomisiz Açık Septorinop- lasti Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması, Uzmanlık Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Adana, 2009;3–5.
  • Howard BK, Rohrich RJ. Understanding the nasal airway: princip- les and practice. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;109:1128-46; quiz 45-6.
  • Saraf S, Parihar R. Sushruta: Rhinoplasty in 600 B.C. The Internet J Plast Surg 2007;3:152-4.
  • Brain DJ. The early history of rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg 1993;9:81-8.
  • Lascaratos J, Cohen M, Voros D. Plastic surgery of the face in By- zantium in the fourth century. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;106:517-8.
  • Gurunluoglu R, Gurunluoglu A. Paulus Aegineta, a seventh cen- tury encyclopedist and surgeon: his role in the history of plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;108:2072-9.
  • Stoller JK. The History of ıntubation, tracheotomy and airway app- liances. Respiratory Care 1999; 44:595-601.
  • Adams F. On Laryngotomy (Section 33) . In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, vol 2, London, The Syndenham Society, 1844– 1847; 301-302.
  • Lascaratos J. Otorhinolaryngological diseases in Byzantium (A.D. 324-1453): information from non-medical literary sources. J Lary- ngol Otol 1996;110:913-7.
  • Brorson S. Management of fractures of the humerus in Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome: an historical review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009;467:1907-14.
  • Adams F. On Fracture of the Arm (section 99). In The Seven Bo- oks of Paulus Aegineta, vol. 2 London, The Syndenham Society, 1844–1847;456–64.
  • Adams F. On Male Breasts Resembling the Female (section 46). In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, Vol. 2, London, Sydenham Society, 1844–1847; 334–5.
  • Diamondopulos AA, Uroscopy in Byzantium. Am J Nephrol 1997;17:222–7.
  • Adams F. On calculus (section 60). In The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta vol. 2, London, Sydenham Society, 1844–1847; 354–363.
  • Evirgen S. İnguinal Hernilerde Ağ Örme ve Mesh İle Onarım Yön- temlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Uzmanlık tezi, Sağlık Bakanlığı Şişli Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi 3.Genel Cerrahi Kliniği İs- tanbul, 2006; 6-7.
  • Lascaratos JG, Tsiamis C, Kostakis A. Surgery for inguinal hernia in Byzantine times (A.D. 324-1453): first scientific descriptions. World J Surg 2003;27:1165-9.
  • Remo S. [Obstetrics and gynecology in the work of the By- zantine Paul of Aegina and the Arab Albucasis]. Minerva Med 1967;58:4118-31.
  • Leonardo RA. Arabian Surgery. In History of Surgery, New York, Froben Press, 1943;93–8.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Berrin Okka

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Okka B. Aeginalı Paul: Bizans döneminde ünlü bir cerrah ve tıp doktoru. Genel Tıp Derg. 2015;25(1):33-9.