Araştırma Makalesi
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Indoor Air Quality of a Medical Faculty Hospital and Its Effect on Those in the Environment

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 319 - 326
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1403173

Öz

Background: Indoor air quality is associated with the etiopathogenesis of many diseases. This condition also produces many medical symptoms. The purpose of the current study is to measure indoor air quality parameters in a medical faculty hospital and to determine the medical complaints of hospital staff and patients/patient relatives related to the indoor air quality.
Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive research was conducted with 442 participants between February 28 and March 22, 2021. For the indoor air quality in the hospital; temperature, relative humidity, air flow rate, light level, nitrogen oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) gas levels were evaluated according to the standards. The association between socio-demographic characteristics, medical complaints and indoor air quality were analyzed in hospital staff and patients/patient relatives.
Results: It was determined that 80.3% of the air temperature and 22.7% of the relative humidity measurements in the study were in the standard limits and almost all of the air flow velocity and 81.0% of the illumination level measurements were not in standard limits. It was determined that particulate matter level was measured normal levels according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 5 class in the all-environmental area. NO, H2S and SO2 were detected in the hospital with indoor gas measurements. CO gas was detected in a small part of the hospital. The majority of CO2 measurements were in line with standards. The most common symptoms of the participants associated with indoor air of the hospital were fatigue, dyspnea, and dysesthesia.
Conclusion: While most of the hospital indoor temperature measurements were in accordance with the standards, most of the humidity, airflow velocity and lighting measurements were not in accordance with the standards. NO, H2S, SO2 gases were not detected in the hospital, while CO was detected in 2 areas.

Etik Beyan

Study principles were approved by Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine Local Ethics Committee (Decision number: 2021/3120)

Destekleyen Kurum

The research was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Necmettin Erbakan University (Project No: 201518007)

Kaynakça

  • Tran VV, Park D, Lee YC. Indoor Air Pollution, Related Human Diseases, and Recent Trends in the Control and Improvement of Indoor Air Quality. International journal of environmental research and public health 2000; 17 (8): 2927.
  • Steinemann A, Wargocki P, Rismanchi B. Ten questions concerning gren buildings and indoor air quality. Building and environment 2017; 112: 351-358.
  • ASHRAE, Standard 62.1-2007 user's manual. 2007. American society of heating, refrigerating and air-conditioning engineers.
  • Bentayeb M, Simoni M, Norback D, Baldacci S, Maio S, et al Indoor air pollution and respiratory health in the elderly. Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering 2013; 48 (14): 1783–1789.
  • Ferguson L, Taylor J, Zhou K, Shrubsole C, Symonds P, et al. Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK. Buildings & cities 2021; 2 (1): 425–448.
  • Jao YL, Wang J, Liao YJ, Parajuli J, Berish D, et al. Effect of Ambient Bright Light on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in People With Dementia: A Systematic Review. Innovation in aging 2022; 6 (3): igac018.
  • Sekar A, Varghese GK, Ravi Varma MK. Analysis of benzene air quality standards, monitoring methods and concentrations in indoor and outdoor environment. Heliyon 2019; 5 (11): e02918.
  • ASHRAE. 2003. Indoor Environmental Health. ASHRAE HandbookCD, 2001 Fundamentals, Chapter 9: Atlanta, USA.
  • Woodall GM, Smith RL, Granville GC. Proceedings of the Hydrogen Sulfide Health Research and Risk Assessment Symposium October 31-November 2, 2000. Inhalation toxicology 2005; 17 (11): 593–639.
  • Ishigami A, Kikuchi Y, Iwasawa S, Nishiwaki Y, Takebayashi T, et al. Volcanic sulfur dioxide and acute respiratory symptoms on Miyakejima island. Occupational and environmental medicine, 2008; 65 (10): 701-707.
  • Li Y, Powers TE, Roth HD. Random-effects linear regression meta-analysis models with application to the nitrogen dioxide health effects studies. Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 1994; 44 (3): 261–270:
  • Guaita R, Pichiule M, Maté T, Linares C, Díaz J. Short-term impact of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) on respiratory mortality in Madrid. International journal of environmental health research 2011; 21 (4), 260–274.
  • ISO. 2015. 14644-1 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments—part 1: Classification of air cleanliness. International Standards Organisation.
  • Santos UP, Arbex MA, Braga ALF, Mizutani RF, Cançado JED, et al. Environmental air pollution: respiratory effects. Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia 2021; 47 (1): e20200267.
  • Wolkoff P. Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health - An overview. International journal of hygiene and environmental health 2018; 221 (3): 376–390.
  • Dales R, Liu L, Wheeler AJ, Gilbert NL. Quality of indoor residential air and health. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 2008; 179 (2): 147-152.
  • Kalender Smajlović S, Kukec A, Dovjak M. Association between Sick Building Syndrome and Indoor Environmental Quality in Slovenian Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. International journal of environmental research and public health 2019; 16 (17): 3224.
  • Smedbold HT, Ahlen C, Unimed S, Nilsen AM, et al. Relationships between indoor environments and nasal inflammation in nursing personnel. Archives of environmental health 2002; 57 (2): 155–161.
  • Smith RM, Rae A. Thermal comfort of patients in hospital ward areas. The Journal of hygiene 1977; 78 (1): 17–26.
  • Dianat I, Sedghi A, Bagherzade J, Jafarabadi MA, Stedmon AW. Objective and subjective assessments of lighting in a hospital setting: implications for health, safety and performance. Ergonomics 2013; 56 (10): 1535–1545.
  • Azizoğlu F, Burcu O, Sönmez B, Hapçıoğlu SB. Evaluation of Operating Rooms and Intensive Care Units According to Clean Room Standards. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2018; 9 (4): 26-31.
  • Nordström K, Norbäck D, Akselsson R. Influence of indoor air quality and personal factors on the sick building syndrome (SBS) in Swedish geriatric hospitals. Occupational and environmental medicine 1995; 52 (3): 170–176.
  • Akova İ, Kiliç E, Sümer H, Keklikçi T. Prevalence of sick building syndrome in hospital staff and its relationship with indoor environmental quality. International journal of environmental health research 2022; 32 (6): 1204–1219.
  • Jung CC, Wu PC, Tseng CH, Su HJ.Indoor air quality varies with ventilation types and working areas in hospitals. Building and Environment 2015; 85: 190-195.
  • Doğan TR. Investigation of indoor air quality in a hospital: A case study from Şanlıurfa, Turkey. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 2019; 5 (1):101-119.
  • Hellgren UM, Palomaki E, Lahtinen M, Riuttala H, Reijula K. Complaints and symptoms among hospital staff in relation to indoor air and the condition and need for repairs in hospital buildings. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health 2008; 34 (4): 58-63.
  • Tähtinen K, Remes J, Karvala K, Salmi K, Lahtinen M, et al. Perceived indoor air quality and psychosocial work environment in office, school and healthcare environments in Finland. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health 2020; 33 (4): 479-495.

Bir Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi İç Ortam Hava Kalitesi ve Ortamda Bulunanlara Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 319 - 326
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1403173

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde iç ortam hava kalitesi parametrelerini ölçmek ve hastane çalışanları ile hasta/hasta yakınlarının iç ortamla ilgili sağlık yakınmalarını tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırma 28 Şubat – 22 Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında, 442 katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastane iç ortam hava kalitesi için sıcaklık, bağıl nem, hava akım hızı, aydınlık düzeyi, NO, H2S, SO2, CO, CO2 gaz ölçümleri yapılarak standartlara göre değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin analizleri IBM SPSS 27.0 programında yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların hastane iç ortamı ile ilgili en sık görülen yakınmaları yorgunluk, ortam havasından bunalma, uyku hali olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmada ölçülen hava sıcaklığı ölçümlerinin %80,3‘ünün, bağıl nem ölçümlerinin % 22,7’si standartlara uygun olduğu belirlendi. Ölçümlerin neredeyse tümünde hava akımı hızının standartlara uygun olmadığı belirlendi. Aydınlatma düzeyi ölçümlerinin %81,0’ının standartlara uygun olmadığı belirlendi. İç ortam partiküler madde düzeyi ölçümü ile tüm ortamların ISO 5 sınıfına ait olduğu tespit edildi. İç ortam gaz ölçümleri sonucu hastanede NO, H2S, SO2 gazlarına rastlanmadı. CO gazı hastanenin küçük bir kısmında tespit edildi. CO2 ölçümlerinin neredeyse tamamı standartlara uygundu.
Sonuç: İç ortam hava kalitesi parametrelerinden bir kısmının standartlara uymadığı ve buna bağlı katılımcıların sağlık yakınmaları belirlenmiştir. İç ortam hava kalitesi parametreleri düzenli aralıklarla ölçülmeli ve standartlara uygun olması için gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Tran VV, Park D, Lee YC. Indoor Air Pollution, Related Human Diseases, and Recent Trends in the Control and Improvement of Indoor Air Quality. International journal of environmental research and public health 2000; 17 (8): 2927.
  • Steinemann A, Wargocki P, Rismanchi B. Ten questions concerning gren buildings and indoor air quality. Building and environment 2017; 112: 351-358.
  • ASHRAE, Standard 62.1-2007 user's manual. 2007. American society of heating, refrigerating and air-conditioning engineers.
  • Bentayeb M, Simoni M, Norback D, Baldacci S, Maio S, et al Indoor air pollution and respiratory health in the elderly. Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering 2013; 48 (14): 1783–1789.
  • Ferguson L, Taylor J, Zhou K, Shrubsole C, Symonds P, et al. Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK. Buildings & cities 2021; 2 (1): 425–448.
  • Jao YL, Wang J, Liao YJ, Parajuli J, Berish D, et al. Effect of Ambient Bright Light on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in People With Dementia: A Systematic Review. Innovation in aging 2022; 6 (3): igac018.
  • Sekar A, Varghese GK, Ravi Varma MK. Analysis of benzene air quality standards, monitoring methods and concentrations in indoor and outdoor environment. Heliyon 2019; 5 (11): e02918.
  • ASHRAE. 2003. Indoor Environmental Health. ASHRAE HandbookCD, 2001 Fundamentals, Chapter 9: Atlanta, USA.
  • Woodall GM, Smith RL, Granville GC. Proceedings of the Hydrogen Sulfide Health Research and Risk Assessment Symposium October 31-November 2, 2000. Inhalation toxicology 2005; 17 (11): 593–639.
  • Ishigami A, Kikuchi Y, Iwasawa S, Nishiwaki Y, Takebayashi T, et al. Volcanic sulfur dioxide and acute respiratory symptoms on Miyakejima island. Occupational and environmental medicine, 2008; 65 (10): 701-707.
  • Li Y, Powers TE, Roth HD. Random-effects linear regression meta-analysis models with application to the nitrogen dioxide health effects studies. Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 1994; 44 (3): 261–270:
  • Guaita R, Pichiule M, Maté T, Linares C, Díaz J. Short-term impact of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) on respiratory mortality in Madrid. International journal of environmental health research 2011; 21 (4), 260–274.
  • ISO. 2015. 14644-1 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments—part 1: Classification of air cleanliness. International Standards Organisation.
  • Santos UP, Arbex MA, Braga ALF, Mizutani RF, Cançado JED, et al. Environmental air pollution: respiratory effects. Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia 2021; 47 (1): e20200267.
  • Wolkoff P. Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health - An overview. International journal of hygiene and environmental health 2018; 221 (3): 376–390.
  • Dales R, Liu L, Wheeler AJ, Gilbert NL. Quality of indoor residential air and health. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 2008; 179 (2): 147-152.
  • Kalender Smajlović S, Kukec A, Dovjak M. Association between Sick Building Syndrome and Indoor Environmental Quality in Slovenian Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. International journal of environmental research and public health 2019; 16 (17): 3224.
  • Smedbold HT, Ahlen C, Unimed S, Nilsen AM, et al. Relationships between indoor environments and nasal inflammation in nursing personnel. Archives of environmental health 2002; 57 (2): 155–161.
  • Smith RM, Rae A. Thermal comfort of patients in hospital ward areas. The Journal of hygiene 1977; 78 (1): 17–26.
  • Dianat I, Sedghi A, Bagherzade J, Jafarabadi MA, Stedmon AW. Objective and subjective assessments of lighting in a hospital setting: implications for health, safety and performance. Ergonomics 2013; 56 (10): 1535–1545.
  • Azizoğlu F, Burcu O, Sönmez B, Hapçıoğlu SB. Evaluation of Operating Rooms and Intensive Care Units According to Clean Room Standards. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2018; 9 (4): 26-31.
  • Nordström K, Norbäck D, Akselsson R. Influence of indoor air quality and personal factors on the sick building syndrome (SBS) in Swedish geriatric hospitals. Occupational and environmental medicine 1995; 52 (3): 170–176.
  • Akova İ, Kiliç E, Sümer H, Keklikçi T. Prevalence of sick building syndrome in hospital staff and its relationship with indoor environmental quality. International journal of environmental health research 2022; 32 (6): 1204–1219.
  • Jung CC, Wu PC, Tseng CH, Su HJ.Indoor air quality varies with ventilation types and working areas in hospitals. Building and Environment 2015; 85: 190-195.
  • Doğan TR. Investigation of indoor air quality in a hospital: A case study from Şanlıurfa, Turkey. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi 2019; 5 (1):101-119.
  • Hellgren UM, Palomaki E, Lahtinen M, Riuttala H, Reijula K. Complaints and symptoms among hospital staff in relation to indoor air and the condition and need for repairs in hospital buildings. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health 2008; 34 (4): 58-63.
  • Tähtinen K, Remes J, Karvala K, Salmi K, Lahtinen M, et al. Perceived indoor air quality and psychosocial work environment in office, school and healthcare environments in Finland. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health 2020; 33 (4): 479-495.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Güllü Eren 0000-0003-4033-7946

Lütfi Saltuk Demir 0000-0002-8022-3962

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 1 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Eren G, Demir LS. Indoor Air Quality of a Medical Faculty Hospital and Its Effect on Those in the Environment. Genel Tıp Derg. 2024;34(3):319-26.