Evaluation of Patients Presenting with Chronic Cough to the Pediatric Allergy Clinic According to Age Groups

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 155 - 161, 28.02.2025

İrem Turgay Yağmur

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1582368

Öz

Background/Aims: Chronic cough is a prevalent issue in pediatric patients and is among the most common reasons for referral to pediatric allergists, significantly affecting quality of life and often necessitating specialized evaluation. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, etiologies, and management of chronic cough in children, providing insights into age-related prevalence.
Methods: Pediatric patients presenting with chronic cough to our pediatric allergy clinic between May 1,2023 and May 31, 2024 were included in this retrospective study. Patients previously diagnosed with allergic diseases or evaluated at other clinics were excluded. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, cough characteristics, familial and environmental factors, and treatments.
Results: Of the 267 patients included, 54.7% were boys, and the median age was 6.99 (interquartile range (IQR) 4.47-11.54) years. Asthma (39%), protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) (25.8%), and upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) (22.1%) were the most common diagnoses. PBB was more prevalent in younger patients, whereas asthma was dominant in older age groups. Regardless of the cough etiology, antibiotic use was noted in 67.8% of patients before applying to the pediatric allergy outpatient clinic. Tobacco smoke exposure was present in 40.1% of patients. Familial asthma history was significantly more common in patients with asthma (p=0.04).
Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of distinguishing chronic cough etiologies in children to prevent mismanagement and overuse of antibiotics. While asthma, PBB, and UACS were among the primary causes, many other potential diagnoses also warrant consideration. Comprehensive assessments are essential for accurate diagnosis, and a multi-disciplinary approach may enhance management outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

asthma, chronic cough, upper airway cough syndrome, protracted bacterial bronchitis

Çocuk Alerji Polikliniği’ne Kronik Öksürük Nedeni ile Başvuran Hastaların Yaş Gruplarına Göre Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Kronik öksürük pediatrik hastalarda sık görülen bir sorundur ve pediatrik alerjistlere başvurunun en sık nedenleri arasındadır. Çalışmamızda, çocuklarda kronik öksürüğün klinik özelliklerini, etiyolojilerini ve tedavi yönetimini analiz etmeyi ve yaşa göre prevalans farklılıklarına ilişkin bilgi sağlamayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 1 Mayıs 2023 - 31 Mayıs 2024 tarihleri arasında kronik öksürük şikayetiyle pediatrik alerji polikliniğimize başvuran pediatrik hastalar retrospektif olarak taranarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Önceden alerjik hastalık tanısı konulmuş veya başka bir çocuk alerji kliniğinde değerlendirilmiş olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Tıbbi kayıtlardan hastaların demografik verileri, öksürük özellikleri, ailevi ve çevresel faktörler ile tedavileri değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 267 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların %54,7’si erkek ve medyan yaşları 6,99 (IQR 4.47-11.54) yıl idi. Hastalara en sık astım (%39), uzamış bakteriyel bronşit (UBB) (%25,8) ve üst solunum yolu öksürük sendromu (ÜSYÖS) (%22,1) tanıları koyuldu. UBB, daha çok küçük yaştaki hastalarda görülürken, astım ise daha büyük yaş gruplarında baskın tanı idi. Öksürük etiyolojisinden bağımsız olarak, hastaların %67,8'i çocuk alerji polikliniğine başvurmadan önce antibiyotik kullanmıştı. Hastaların %40,1'inde tütün dumanı maruziyeti tespit edildi. Ailede astım öyküsü, astım tanısı alan hastalarda diğer tanılara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulundu (p=0.04).
Sonuç: Çocuklarda kronik öksürük etiyolojisinin doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi, yanlış tedavi ve gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımını önlemek için önemlidir. Astım, UBB ve ÜSYÖS çocuklarda kronik öksürüğün başlıca nedenleri olup göz önünde bulundurulması gereken birçok başka potansiyel tanı bulunmaktadır. Doğru teşhis için kapsamlı değerlendirme ve multidisipliner yaklaşım önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

astım, kronik öksürük, üst solunum yolu öksürük sendromu, uzamış bakteriyel bronşit

Kaynakça

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