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Ekstremite Vasküler Travmasında Cerrahi Sonuçların İyileştirilmesi: Klinik Deneyimlerden Kazanımlar

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 174 - 180, 28.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1595501

Öz

Özet
Giriş
Ekstremite travmaları, travma kaynaklı morbidite ve mortalitenin önemli bir nedeni olup, tüm travma yatışlarının %70'ine kadarını oluşturabilmektedir. Ekstremite travmalarına eşlik eden vasküler yaralanmalar, akut ekstremite iskemisi, kompartman sendromu ve uzuv kaybı gibi ciddi komplikasyonlara yol açabileceğinden dolayı önemli zorluklar teşkil etmektedir. Bu nedenle, tanının hızlı bir şekilde konulması ve cerrahi müdahalenin zamanında gerçekleştirilmesi hasta sonuçlarının iyileştirilmesinde hayati öneme sahiptir.
Yöntem
Bu retrospektif kohort çalışmasında, 2018-2023 yılları arasında bir üçüncü basamak hastanede vasküler ekstremite travması nedeniyle tedavi gören 85 hasta incelenmiştir. İzole yumuşak doku yaralanması veya kronik yaralanması olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmemiştir. Demografik veriler, yaralanma mekanizmaları, klinik bulgular, görüntüleme yöntemleri, cerrahi müdahaleler ve sonuçlar gibi veriler toplanmıştır. Birincil sonuçlar arasında uzuv kurtarma ve mortalite oranları yer alırken, ikincil sonuçlar komplikasyonlar ve fonksiyonel iyileşme değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular
Kohortun ortalama yaşı 33,7 olup, hastaların %87,1’i erkekti. En sık karşılaşılan yaralanma alt ekstremite yaralanmaları olup, travmaların %31,8’i ateşli silah yaralanmalarıydı. Hastaların %90,6’sı travmadan sonraki ilk 6 saat içinde başvurmuş ve %55,3’ünde hemodinamik instabilite tespit edilmiştir. Olguların %91,8’inde cerrahi müdahale gerekli olmuş, en sık kullanılan yöntemler interpozisyon ven grefti ve primer onarımlar olmuştur. Uzuv kurtarma oranı %92,9 olarak bulunurken, hastaların %15,3’ünde iskemik ve nekrotik komplikasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. Hemodinamik olarak stabil hastalarda iyatrojenik travma oranı anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (%18,4’e karşı %4,3, p=0,007).

Sonuç
Ekstremite travmalarında erken cerrahi müdahale, yüksek uzuv kurtarma oranları ve olumlu sonuçlar için kritik öneme sahiptir. Önemli bir komplikasyon oranı görülmesine rağmen, zamanında yönetim olumsuz etkileri azaltabilmektedir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, uzun dönem fonksiyonel sonuçları iyileştirme ve ekstremite travmalarına yönelik kapsamlı rehabilitasyon protokolleri geliştirme üzerinde yoğunlaşmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Organization WH. Global status report on road safety 2018: World Health Organization; 2019.
  • 2. Gosselin RA, Spiegel DA, Coughlin R, Zirkle LG. Injuries: the neglected burden in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2009; 87(4): 246-246a.DOI: 10.2471/blt.08.052290
  • 3. Staudenmayer K, Wang NE, Weiser TG, Maggio P, Mackersie RC, Spain D, Hsia RY. The Triage of Injured Patients: Mechanism of Injury, Regardless of Injury Severity, Determines Hospital Destination. Am Surg 2016; 82(4): 356-361
  • 4. Sharifian M, Marzban A, Beiranvand M, Mahboubi MJ, Garshasebi M. Vascular trauma injury evaluation in Khorramabad, Iran: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86(1): 109-114.DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001492
  • 5. Derbel B, Mazzaccaro D, Krarti N, Miri R, Khadhar Y, Ben Mrad M, Righini P, Nano G, Denguir R. Penetrating Vascular Injuries of the Lower Limbs after Stab Wounds: Predictive Factors of Limb Loss and Mortality. J Clin Med 2023; 12(10).DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103476
  • 6. Collaborators C-T. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant hemorrhage (CRASH-2): A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Indian J Neurotraum 2012; 9(1): 3-14.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnt.2012.05.001
  • 7. Agarwal P, Kukrele R, Sharma D. Delayed revascularization of extremities following vascular injuries: Challenges and outcome. J Orthop 2023; 35: 31-36.DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.10.016
  • 8. Kataria H, Premkumar P, Samuel V, Selvaraj D, Stephen E. Factors Predicting the Outcome of Musculoskeletal Injuries Associated with Vascular Trauma at a Tertiary Care Trauma Centre in South India. Indian J Vascular En 2023; 10(1): 32-36.DOI: 10.4103/ijves.ijves_98_22
  • 9. Harris KA, Yonclas P. Acute and Long-Term Complications of Gunshot Wounds to the Head. Curr Phys Med Rehab 2020; 8(4): 436-442.DOI: 10.1007/s40141-020-00301-4
  • 10. Davoudi A, Woodworth L. The burden of firearm injuries on the hospital system, 2000-2020. Inj Epidemiol 2023; 10(1): 12.DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00420-1
  • 11. Lumbard DC, Freese RL, Marek AP, Endorf FW, Richardson CJ, Nygaard RM. Firearm trauma: Race and insurance influence mortality and discharge disposition. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92(6): 1005-1011.DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003512
  • 12. Hemenway D, Nelson E. The Scope of the Problem: Gun Violence in the USA. Curr Trauma Rep 2020; 6(1): 29-35.DOI: 10.1007/s40719-020-00182-x
  • 13. Cannon JW, Khan MA, Raja AS, Cohen MJ, Como JJ, Cotton BA, Dubose JJ, Fox EE, Inaba K, Rodriguez CJ, Holcomb JB, Duchesne JC. Damage control resuscitation in patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 82(3): 605-617.DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001333
  • 14. Feliciano DV. Pitfalls in the management of peripheral vascular injuries. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2017; 2(1): e000110.DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2017-000110
  • 15. Feliciano DV, Moore EE, West MA, Moore FA, Davis JW, Cocanour CS, Scalea TM, McIntyre RC, Jr. Western Trauma Association critical decisions in trauma: evaluation and management of peripheral vascular injury, part II. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 75(3): 391-397.DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182994b48
  • 16. Fox N, Rajani RR, Bokhari F, Chiu WC, Kerwin A, Seamon MJ, Skarupa D, Frykberg E, Eastern Association for the Surgery of T. Evaluation and management of penetrating lower extremity arterial trauma: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 73(5 Suppl 4): S315-320.DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31827018e4
  • 17. Kontopodis N, Tosounidis T, Kehagias E, Kouraki A, Tzirakis K, Ioannou CV. Concomitant vascular and orthopedic trauma: 10 points to consider. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2024; 51: 102407.DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2024.102407

Advancing Surgical Outcomes in Extremity Vascular Trauma: Insights from Clinical Experience

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 174 - 180, 28.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1595501

Öz

Abstract
Background: Extremity trauma is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, comprising up to 70% of trauma admissions. Vascular injuries associated with extremity trauma pose significant challenges, as delays in diagnosis may lead to acute limb ischemia, compartment syndrome, and limb loss. Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 85 patients with vascular extremity trauma treated at a tertiary care hospital from 2018 to 2023. Patients with isolated soft tissue injuries or chronic injuries were excluded. Data on demographics, injury mechanisms, clinical presentations, diagnostic imaging, surgical interventions, and outcomes were collected. Primary outcomes included limb salvage and mortality rates, while secondary outcomes evaluated complications and functional recovery.

Results: The cohort had a mean age of 33.7 years, with a predominance of male patients (87.1%). Lower extremity injuries were the most common, with gunshot wounds as the leading cause (31.8%). Most (90.6%) presented within 6 hours of injury, and 55.3% exhibited hemodynamic instability. In 91.8% of cases, surgical intervention was required, predominantly involving interposition vein grafting and primary repairs. Limb salvage was achieved in 92.9% of patients, though 15.3% experienced complications, primarily ischemia and necrosis. The rate of iatrogenic trauma was significantly higher in hemodynamically stable patients (18.4% vs. 4.3%, p=0.007).

Conclusion: Early surgical intervention in extremity trauma is crucial for high limb salvage rates and favorable outcomes. Despite a notable complication rate, timely management can mitigate adverse effects. Future studies should focus on improving long-term functional outcomes and developing comprehensive rehabilitation protocols tailored to extremity trauma patients.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Organization WH. Global status report on road safety 2018: World Health Organization; 2019.
  • 2. Gosselin RA, Spiegel DA, Coughlin R, Zirkle LG. Injuries: the neglected burden in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2009; 87(4): 246-246a.DOI: 10.2471/blt.08.052290
  • 3. Staudenmayer K, Wang NE, Weiser TG, Maggio P, Mackersie RC, Spain D, Hsia RY. The Triage of Injured Patients: Mechanism of Injury, Regardless of Injury Severity, Determines Hospital Destination. Am Surg 2016; 82(4): 356-361
  • 4. Sharifian M, Marzban A, Beiranvand M, Mahboubi MJ, Garshasebi M. Vascular trauma injury evaluation in Khorramabad, Iran: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86(1): 109-114.DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001492
  • 5. Derbel B, Mazzaccaro D, Krarti N, Miri R, Khadhar Y, Ben Mrad M, Righini P, Nano G, Denguir R. Penetrating Vascular Injuries of the Lower Limbs after Stab Wounds: Predictive Factors of Limb Loss and Mortality. J Clin Med 2023; 12(10).DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103476
  • 6. Collaborators C-T. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant hemorrhage (CRASH-2): A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Indian J Neurotraum 2012; 9(1): 3-14.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnt.2012.05.001
  • 7. Agarwal P, Kukrele R, Sharma D. Delayed revascularization of extremities following vascular injuries: Challenges and outcome. J Orthop 2023; 35: 31-36.DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.10.016
  • 8. Kataria H, Premkumar P, Samuel V, Selvaraj D, Stephen E. Factors Predicting the Outcome of Musculoskeletal Injuries Associated with Vascular Trauma at a Tertiary Care Trauma Centre in South India. Indian J Vascular En 2023; 10(1): 32-36.DOI: 10.4103/ijves.ijves_98_22
  • 9. Harris KA, Yonclas P. Acute and Long-Term Complications of Gunshot Wounds to the Head. Curr Phys Med Rehab 2020; 8(4): 436-442.DOI: 10.1007/s40141-020-00301-4
  • 10. Davoudi A, Woodworth L. The burden of firearm injuries on the hospital system, 2000-2020. Inj Epidemiol 2023; 10(1): 12.DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00420-1
  • 11. Lumbard DC, Freese RL, Marek AP, Endorf FW, Richardson CJ, Nygaard RM. Firearm trauma: Race and insurance influence mortality and discharge disposition. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92(6): 1005-1011.DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003512
  • 12. Hemenway D, Nelson E. The Scope of the Problem: Gun Violence in the USA. Curr Trauma Rep 2020; 6(1): 29-35.DOI: 10.1007/s40719-020-00182-x
  • 13. Cannon JW, Khan MA, Raja AS, Cohen MJ, Como JJ, Cotton BA, Dubose JJ, Fox EE, Inaba K, Rodriguez CJ, Holcomb JB, Duchesne JC. Damage control resuscitation in patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 82(3): 605-617.DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001333
  • 14. Feliciano DV. Pitfalls in the management of peripheral vascular injuries. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2017; 2(1): e000110.DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2017-000110
  • 15. Feliciano DV, Moore EE, West MA, Moore FA, Davis JW, Cocanour CS, Scalea TM, McIntyre RC, Jr. Western Trauma Association critical decisions in trauma: evaluation and management of peripheral vascular injury, part II. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 75(3): 391-397.DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182994b48
  • 16. Fox N, Rajani RR, Bokhari F, Chiu WC, Kerwin A, Seamon MJ, Skarupa D, Frykberg E, Eastern Association for the Surgery of T. Evaluation and management of penetrating lower extremity arterial trauma: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 73(5 Suppl 4): S315-320.DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31827018e4
  • 17. Kontopodis N, Tosounidis T, Kehagias E, Kouraki A, Tzirakis K, Ioannou CV. Concomitant vascular and orthopedic trauma: 10 points to consider. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2024; 51: 102407.DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2024.102407
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Atilla Orhan 0000-0003-0110-3290

Mücahit Tahsin Demirtaş 0000-0002-5675-5360

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Orhan A, Demirtaş MT. Advancing Surgical Outcomes in Extremity Vascular Trauma: Insights from Clinical Experience. Genel Tıp Derg. 2025;35(1):174-80.