Morphometric Evaluation and Clinical Significance of Prominent Superficial Landmarks of the Cranium

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3, 476 - 480, 30.06.2025

Zeynep Akin , Müslüme Küçükdemir , Zeliha Fazlıoğulları , Ahmet Kağan Karabulut

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1622987

Öz

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the localization and morphometry of important points such as nasion, lambda, arcus superciliaris, sutura lambdoidea, and sutura occipitomastoidea using Bregma as the reference point among the prominent superficial landmarks of the neurocranium. We believe that distinguishing these external points in radiological imaging and guiding surgical interventions will be beneficial.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on dry skulls in the student laboratory of the Department of Anatomy, Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine. A total of 52 skulls of unknown age, gender, and population were examined. However, 21 damaged skulls were excluded due to lack of integrity, and a total of 31 skulls were evaluated. On these materials, points such as bregma, pterion, asterion, nasion, lambda, arcus superciliaris, sutura lambdoidea, and sutura occipitomastoidea were identified, measurements were made, and the presence of wormian bones was recorded.
Results: Among the evaluated 31 dry skulls, the Bregma-Nasion distance ranged from 92 to 120 mm (mean 108.3±7.3 mm), the Bregma-Lambda distance ranged from 92 to 127 mm (mean 107±7 mm), the Bregma-Pterion right distance ranged from 82 to 110 mm (mean 91±6 mm), the Bregma-Pterion left distance ranged from 81 to 105 mm (mean 91±5 mm), the Bregma-Arcus superciliaris right distance ranged from 82 to 110 mm (mean 98±7 mm), and the Bregma-Arcus superciliaris left distance ranged from 84 to 109 mm (mean 98±7 mm). The Nasion-Lambda distance ranged from 184 to 245 mm (mean 215.4±12.3 mm). Wormian bones were found in all the evaluated dry skulls. Among the regions examined, the most common area was the sutura lambdoidea, while the least observed area was bregma.
Conclusion: The measurements obtained from this study provide current data on the region’s anatomy and may guide the planning of surgical interventions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bregma , cranial sutures , wormian bone

Kraniumun Belirgin Yüzeyel Landmarklarının Morfometrik Değerlendirilmesi ve Klinik Önemi

Öz

Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, neurocraniumdaki belirgin yüzeyel landmarklardan Bregma referans noktası alınarak, nasion, lambda, arcus superciliaris ile sutura lambdoidea ve sutura oksipitomastoidea gibi önemli noktaların lokalizasyonunun ve morfometrisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Kafatasındaki bu dış noktaların radyolojik görüntülemelerde kırıklardan ayırtedilebilmesi ve cerrahi girişimlerinde rehberlik edeceğini düşünmekteyiz.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalı öğrenci laboratuarındaki kuru kemikler üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Toplamda yaş, cinsiyet ve popülasyonu belli olamayan 52 adet kafatası incelendi. İnceleme sırasında zarar görmüş olan 21 kafatası bütünlüğü bozulmuş olduğu için çalışma dışı bırakıldı ve toplamda 31 adet kafatası değerlendirildi. Bu materyaller üzerinde bregma, pterion, asterion, nasion, lambda, arcus superciliaris, sutura lambdoidea ve sutura oksipitomastoidea noktaları belirlendi, ölçümler yapıldı ve wormian kemik varlığı incelenerek kayıt edildi.
Bulgular: Değerlendirilen 31 kuru kafatasında Bregma-nasion mesafesi 92-120 mm (ortalama 108,3±7,3 mm), Bregma–lambda mesafesi 92-127 mm (ortalama 107±7 mm), Bregma–pterion sağ mesafesi 82-110 mm (ortalama 91±6 mm), Bregma–pterion sol mesafesi 81-105 mm (ortalama 91±5 mm), Bregma–arcus superciliaris sağ mesafesi 82-110 mm (ortalama 98±7 mm) Bregma–arcus superciliaris sol mesafesi 84-109 mm (ortalama 98±7 mm), Nasion-lambda mesafesi 184-245 mm (ortalama 215,4±12,3 mm) olarak bulunmuştur. Değerlendirmeye alınan tüm kuru kafataslarında wormian kemiğe rastlanmıştır. İncelenen bölgeler arasında en sık rastlanan bölge sutura lambdoidea olup en az görülen bölge ise bregma olmuştur.
Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen ölçümlerin, bölgenin anatomisine ilişkin güncel veriler sağlayacağı ve cerrahi müdahalelerin planlanmasında yol gösterici olabileceği kanaatindeyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bregma , kranium suturları , wormian kemik

Kaynakça

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