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El Kavrama Gücü ile Parmak Oranı Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Kesitsel Bir Çalışma: Hitit Üniversitesi Örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 5, 899 - 907, 28.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1660070

Öz

Amaç: İkinci ve dördüncü parmak uzunluğu oranı (2D:4D), doğum öncesi androjen maruziyetinin bir biyobelirteci olarak kabul edilmekte ve fiziksel güç ile performansla ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşan bir örneklemde 2D:4D oranları ile el kavrama gücü (HGS) arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tasarıma sahip bu çalışmaya 85 kadın ve 71 erkek olmak üzere toplam 156 katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. 2D:4D oranları dijital kumpas ile ölçülmüş, el kavrama gücü ise hidrolik dinamometre kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Parmak oranları ile el kavrama gücü arasındaki korelasyonlar, cinsiyete bağlı farklılıklar ve potansiyel değişkenler göz önünde bulundurularak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Erkek katılımcılar, kadınlara kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha düşük 2D:4D oranlarına ve daha yüksek el kavrama gücüne sahipti. Erkeklerde, parmak uzunlukları ile el kavrama gücü arasında orta düzeyde pozitif korelasyonlar (0.40 < r < 0.59) tespit edilirken, kadınlarda özellikle sağ elin dördüncü parmak uzunluğu ile el kavrama gücü arasında zayıf korelasyonlar (0.20 < r < 0.39) gözlemlendi.
Sonuç: Bulgular, 2D:4D oranlarının yansıttığı doğum öncesi androjen maruziyeti ile fiziksel güç arasındaki ilişkinin cinsiyete bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, doğum öncesi hormonal etkilerin fiziksel güç üzerindeki rolünü vurgulamakta ve bu ilişkinin şekillenmesinde cinsiyet ve çevresel faktörlerin önemini öne çıkarmaktadır. Gelecekteki araştırmaların, bu ilişkileri farklı popülasyonlar ve değişen çevresel koşullar bağlamında incelemesi önerilmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, etik kurallar çerçevesinde yürütülmüş olup, tüm katılımcılardan bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Manning JT. Digit ratio: a pointer to fertility, behavior, and health. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press; 2002.
  • 2. Hönekopp J, Watson S. Meta-analytic evidence for the effect of 2D:4D on aggression. Pers Individ Differ. 2010;48(1):4–10.
  • 3. Yu P, Chen Y, Ge C, Wang H. Sexual dimorphism in placental development and its contribution to health and diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2021;51(6):555–570. 4. Butovskaya M, et al. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in Russian adolescents. Early Hum Dev. 2018;125:1–7.
  • 5. Tamiya R, Lee SY, Ohtake F. Second to fourth digit ratio and the sporting success of sumo wrestlers. Evol Hum Behav. 2012;33(2):130–136.
  • 6. Manning JT, Taylor RP. Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans. Evol Hum Behav. 2001;22(1):61–69.
  • 7. Bäck N, Schaefer K, Windhager S. Handgrip strength and 2D:4D in women: Homogeneous samples challenge the sex paradox. Am J Hum Biol. 2022;34(2):e23680.
  • 8. Butovskaya M, et al. 2D:4D and handgrip strength in young adult Tuvans from Siberia. Pers Individ Differ. 2017;104:236–240.
  • 9. Kozieł S, et al. The change in handgrip strength after physical exercise is moderated by digit ratio (2D:4D): a study among young adults in Poland. Homo. 2021;72(1):51–58.
  • 10. Dodds RM, et al. Grip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studies. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e113637.
  • 11. Koç F, Kılıç IE. A cross-sectional study on the relationship between hand grip strength and digit ratio: the case of Hitit University. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2025;17(2):111–119. doi:10.5336/sportsci.2025-108166.
  • 12. Kilduff L, Cook CJ, Bennett M, Crewther B, Bracken RM, Manning J. Right–left digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts free testosterone levels associated with a physical challenge. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(6):677–683.
  • 13. Manning J, Kilduff L, Cook C, Crewthe rB, Fink B. Digit ratio (2D:4D): a biomarker for prenatal sex steroids and adult sex steroids in challenge situations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014;5:9.
  • 14. Zheng Z, Cohn MJ. Developmental basis of sexually dimorphic digit ratios. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(39):16289–16294. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108312108.
  • 15. Manning JT, Fink B, Trivers R. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and gender inequalities across nations. Evol Psychol. 2014;12(4):757–768.
  • 16. Kozieł S, Kociuba M, Chakraborty R, Sitek A, Ignasiak Z. Further evidence of an association between low second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and selection for the uniformed services: a study among police personnel in Wrocław, Poland. J Biosoc Sci. 2018;50(4):527–539.
  • 17. Butovskaya ML, Vasilyev VA, Dronova DA, Fedenok JN, Lazebny OE. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and hand-grip strength in the Tuvans, a Turkic-speaking population from Southern Siberia. Am J Hum Biol. 2020;32(2):e23323. doi:10.1002/ajhb.23323.
  • 18. Zhao D, Zhang H, Chen Y, Yang D, Li D. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in subjects of Han ethnicity: impact of sex and age. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012;148(1):105–110.
  • 19. Shen D, Ma Z, Wang L, Huo Z, Lu H, Zhao J, Qian W. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in a Chinese population of Han ethnicity. Early Hum Dev. 2016;103:141-145. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.014.
  • 20. Aydık E, Sarı E, Cebi M. Associations of facial shape with physical strength and 2D:4D in a Turkish male and female sample. Am J Hum Biol. 2024; e23976. doi:10.1002/ajhb.23976.
  • 21. Arazi H, Shahrbanian S, Faraji H. Evaluation of handgrip strength in Parkinson's disease: relationship with disease severity and motor symptoms. [journal to be verified] 2024;64(1):25–31.
  • 22. Lu H, Shen D, Wang L, Niu S, Bai C, Ma Z, Huo Z. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength are correlated in women (but not in men) in Hui ethnicity. Early Hum Dev. 2017;109:21–25.
  • 23. Zhao D, Li B, Yu K, Zheng L. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in subjects of Han ethnicity: impact of sex and age. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012;149(2):266–271.

A Cross-Sectional Study on The Relationship Between Hand Grip Strength And Digit Ratio: The Case of Hitit University

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 5, 899 - 907, 28.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1660070

Öz

Backgraund/Aims: The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is recognized as a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure and is associated with physical strength and performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 2D:4D ratios and handgrip strength (HGS) in a sample of university students.
Methods: A total of 156 participants (85 females and 71 males) were included in this cross-sectional study. The 2D:4D ratios were measured using a digital caliper, while HGS was assessed with a hydraulic dynamometer. Correlations between digit ratios and HGS were analyzed, considering sex-based differences and potential confounding variables.
Results: Males exhibited significantly lower 2D:4D ratios and higher HGS values compared to females. In males, moderate positive correlations (0.40 < r < 0.59) were observed between digit lengths and HGS, whereas in females, weak correlations (0.20 < r < 0.39) were identified, particularly between right-hand fourth digit length and HGS.
Conclusion: These findings indicate a sex-dependent relationship between prenatal androgen exposure, as reflected by 2D:4D ratios, and physical strength. The study highlights the role of prenatal hormonal influences on physical strength and underscores the importance of contextual factors, such as sex and environmental influences, in shaping this relationship. Future research is recommended to explore these associations across diverse populations and varying environmental conditions.

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Kaynakça

  • 1. Manning JT. Digit ratio: a pointer to fertility, behavior, and health. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press; 2002.
  • 2. Hönekopp J, Watson S. Meta-analytic evidence for the effect of 2D:4D on aggression. Pers Individ Differ. 2010;48(1):4–10.
  • 3. Yu P, Chen Y, Ge C, Wang H. Sexual dimorphism in placental development and its contribution to health and diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2021;51(6):555–570. 4. Butovskaya M, et al. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in Russian adolescents. Early Hum Dev. 2018;125:1–7.
  • 5. Tamiya R, Lee SY, Ohtake F. Second to fourth digit ratio and the sporting success of sumo wrestlers. Evol Hum Behav. 2012;33(2):130–136.
  • 6. Manning JT, Taylor RP. Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans. Evol Hum Behav. 2001;22(1):61–69.
  • 7. Bäck N, Schaefer K, Windhager S. Handgrip strength and 2D:4D in women: Homogeneous samples challenge the sex paradox. Am J Hum Biol. 2022;34(2):e23680.
  • 8. Butovskaya M, et al. 2D:4D and handgrip strength in young adult Tuvans from Siberia. Pers Individ Differ. 2017;104:236–240.
  • 9. Kozieł S, et al. The change in handgrip strength after physical exercise is moderated by digit ratio (2D:4D): a study among young adults in Poland. Homo. 2021;72(1):51–58.
  • 10. Dodds RM, et al. Grip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studies. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e113637.
  • 11. Koç F, Kılıç IE. A cross-sectional study on the relationship between hand grip strength and digit ratio: the case of Hitit University. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2025;17(2):111–119. doi:10.5336/sportsci.2025-108166.
  • 12. Kilduff L, Cook CJ, Bennett M, Crewther B, Bracken RM, Manning J. Right–left digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts free testosterone levels associated with a physical challenge. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(6):677–683.
  • 13. Manning J, Kilduff L, Cook C, Crewthe rB, Fink B. Digit ratio (2D:4D): a biomarker for prenatal sex steroids and adult sex steroids in challenge situations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014;5:9.
  • 14. Zheng Z, Cohn MJ. Developmental basis of sexually dimorphic digit ratios. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(39):16289–16294. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108312108.
  • 15. Manning JT, Fink B, Trivers R. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and gender inequalities across nations. Evol Psychol. 2014;12(4):757–768.
  • 16. Kozieł S, Kociuba M, Chakraborty R, Sitek A, Ignasiak Z. Further evidence of an association between low second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and selection for the uniformed services: a study among police personnel in Wrocław, Poland. J Biosoc Sci. 2018;50(4):527–539.
  • 17. Butovskaya ML, Vasilyev VA, Dronova DA, Fedenok JN, Lazebny OE. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and hand-grip strength in the Tuvans, a Turkic-speaking population from Southern Siberia. Am J Hum Biol. 2020;32(2):e23323. doi:10.1002/ajhb.23323.
  • 18. Zhao D, Zhang H, Chen Y, Yang D, Li D. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in subjects of Han ethnicity: impact of sex and age. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012;148(1):105–110.
  • 19. Shen D, Ma Z, Wang L, Huo Z, Lu H, Zhao J, Qian W. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in a Chinese population of Han ethnicity. Early Hum Dev. 2016;103:141-145. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.014.
  • 20. Aydık E, Sarı E, Cebi M. Associations of facial shape with physical strength and 2D:4D in a Turkish male and female sample. Am J Hum Biol. 2024; e23976. doi:10.1002/ajhb.23976.
  • 21. Arazi H, Shahrbanian S, Faraji H. Evaluation of handgrip strength in Parkinson's disease: relationship with disease severity and motor symptoms. [journal to be verified] 2024;64(1):25–31.
  • 22. Lu H, Shen D, Wang L, Niu S, Bai C, Ma Z, Huo Z. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength are correlated in women (but not in men) in Hui ethnicity. Early Hum Dev. 2017;109:21–25.
  • 23. Zhao D, Li B, Yu K, Zheng L. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in subjects of Han ethnicity: impact of sex and age. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012;149(2):266–271.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinimetrik, Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Fırat Koç 0000-0002-8558-6308

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Koç F. A Cross-Sectional Study on The Relationship Between Hand Grip Strength And Digit Ratio: The Case of Hitit University. Genel Tıp Derg. 2025;35(5):899-907.