Gerontological Intervention Recommendations for COVID-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2020, , 147 - 154, 31.12.2020

Isıl Kalelı

https://doi.org/10.47141/geriatrik.769741

Öz

During the COVID-19 pandemic, age-related COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates have increased; especially comorbidity has accelerated this increase. It is known that physical, psychological, and social factors -that increase fragility affect older people more than other age groups during the pandemic. Older people have been stigmatized in the community due to their increasing need for intensive care beds and healthcare resources, and they're seen as virus spreaders. All these grounds have brought out obligations to carry out interventions for older adults during the pandemic. In this review article, the interventions can be made subject to older people and discussed in terms of individual, social, healthcare service providers, and decision-makers in gerontological theories.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Older adults, gerontology, interventions, pandemic, COVID-19

COVID-19 Pandemisine Yönelik Gerontolojik Müdahale Önerileri

Öz

COVID-19 pandemisinde yaşa bağlı hastalık insidansı ve ölüm oranlarının artış gösterdiği; özellikle komorbiditenin bu artışı hızlandırdığı; kırılganlığı arttıran fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal etkenlerin, pandemi döneminde yaşlı bireyleri diğer yaş gruplarına göre daha çok etkilediği bilinmektedir. Yoğun bakıma yatış oranlarındaki artışın sebep olduğu yoğun bakım yatak doluluk oranlarındaki yükselme; sağlık hizmet kaynaklarına daha fazla ihtiyaç duymaları; üstelik virüs bulaş kaynağı olarak görülmeleri yaşlı bireylerin toplum tarafından damgalanmalarıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Tüm bu gerekçeler pandemi döneminde yaşlı bireylere yönelik intervensiyonları (müdahale) zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu makalede yaşlı bireylere yönelik yapılabilecek müdahaleler, dayandırıldıkları gerontolojik teoriler ışığında bireysel, toplumsal, sağlık bakım hizmet sunucuları ve karar vericiler açısından ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaşlılar, gerontoloji, intervensiyon, pandemi, COVID-19

Kaynakça

• 1. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlık Genel Müdürlüğü COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi, Bilim Kurulu Çalışması, 14.04.2020 [Website] https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 29.04.2020.
• 2. WHO-PAHO Director's remarks on COVID-19 pandemic - 11 March 2020. [İngilizce, Website] WHO Regional Office for Americas. https://www.paho.org/en/documents/paho-directors-remarks-covid-19-pandemic-11-march-2020 , Erişim tarihi: 23.11.2020.
• 3. Mahase E. Covid-19: death rate is 0.66% and increases with age, study estimates. BMJ. 2020 Apr 1;369:1327.
• 4. Ramos G, Hynes W. OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19): A systemic resilience approach to dealing with Covid-19 and future shocks, 2020. [İngilizce, Website] http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/a-systemic-resilience-approach-to-dealing-with-covid-19-and-future-shocks-36a5bdfb/ , Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2020.
• 5. Zhu H, Wei L, Niu P. The novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Global Health Research and Policy, 2020;5:6.
• 6. Kluge HHP (2020). Statement – Older people are at highest risk from COVID-19, but all must act to prevent community spread. WHO Regional Office for Europe. [İngilizce, Website] http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/statements , Erişim tarihi: 24.6.2020.
• 7. CDC (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Older adults. [İngilizce, Website] https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html , Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2020.
• 8. Petretto D.,R., Pili R. Ageing and COVID-19: What is the Role for Elderly People? Geriatrics (Basel), 2020 Apr 26;5(2):25.
• 9. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/mortality-risk-covid, [İngilizce, Website] Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2020.
• 10. Le Couteur, DG, Anderson, RM, & Newman, AB. COVID-19 Through the Lens of Gerontology. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2020; 75(9): 119–120.
• 11. Lithander FE, Neumann S, Tenison E et al. COVID-19 in older people: a rapid clinical review. Age Ageing. 2020 Jul 1;49(4):501-515.
• 12. United Nations Policy Brief: COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health, 13.05.2020. [İngilizce, Website] https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-05/UN-Policy-Brief-COVID-19-and-mental-health.pdf , Erişim tarihi: 24.6.2020.
• 13. Strengthening the health system response to COVID-19: preventing and managing the COVID-19 pandemic across long-term care services in the WHO European Region, May 29th, 2020. WHO Regional Office for Europe, [İngilizce, Website] https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/333067/WHO-EURO-2020-804-40539-54460-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y , Erişim Tarihi: 23.11.2020.
• 14. COVID-19: Practice Caution for Older People. Japan Geriatrics Society, [İngilizce, Website] https://www.jpn-geriat-soc.or.jp/en/covid/. Erişim tarihi: 24.06.2020.
• 15. Omura T, Araki A, Shigemoto K, ve ark. Geriatric practice during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Geriatr. Gerontol. Int. 2020; 1–3.
• 16. Devita M, Bordignon A, Sergi G. ve Coin, A. The psychological and cognitive impact of Covid-19 on individuals with neurocognitive impairments: research topics and remote intervention proposals. Aging clinical and experimental research, 2020; 1–4.
• 17. Tufan İ, Seeberger B, Şahin S. Türkiye’de İleri Yaşlılar. Editörler: Tufan İ, Durak M. Gerontoloji: Kapsam, Disiplinlerarası İş birliği, Ekonomi, Politika, 1. Baskı, Ankara, Nobel Yayıncılık, 2020, 42-43.
• 18. Wahl HW. Zur Veränderung des Alterns heute und morgen--Beiträge der Interventionsgerontologie (Changes in aging today and tomorrow--contributions of interventional gerontology). Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2000;33 Suppl 1:85-89.
• 19. Sterns HL, Camp CJ. Applied Gerontology. Applied Psychology: An International Review. 1998; 47 (2): 175-188.
• 20. Tufan İ. Gerontoloji. Editör: Tufan İ. Gerontolojiye Hazırlık: Perspektifler, Teoriler, Yöntemler Üzerine Ön Bilgi, 1. Baskı, Ankara, Nobel Yayıncılık, 2020: 31-34.
• 21. Baltes PB, Baltes MM. Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. Eds: Baltes PB, Baltes MM. Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences, 1st Ed, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990: 1–34.
• 22. Freund A, Baltes P. Selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: Correlations with subjective indicators of successful aging. Psychology and aging, 1999; 13: 531-43.
• 23. Donnellan C, O’Neill D. Baltes SOC model of successful ageing as a potential framework for stroke rehabilitation. Disability and Rehabilitation, 2014; 36(5): 424-429.
• 24. Freund AM, Baltes PB. Life-management strategies of selection, optimization, and compensation: measurement by self-report and construct validity. Journal of personality and social psychology, 2002; 82(4): 642-62.
• 25. Robinson S, Lachman M, Rickenbach E. Self-Regulatory Strategies in Daily Life: Selection, Optimization, and Compensation and Everyday Memory Problems. International journal of behavioral development, 2016; 40(2): 126–136.
• 26. Lawton MP. Environment and other determinants of well-being in older people. Gerontologist. 1983 Aug;23(4):349-357.
• 27. Knipscheer CPM., Broese Van Groenou MI, Leene GFJ et al. The effects of environmental context and personal resources on depressive symptomatology in older age: A test of the Lawton model. Ageing and Society, 2000; 20 (2): 183-202.
• 28. Tufan İ. Yaşlı Bakımda Yeterlilik Modeli, Gerontolojik Söyleşiler, 1. Baskı, Ankara, Nobel Yayıncılık, 2018; 51-52.
• 29. Panchal N, Kamal R, Orgera K, ve ark. The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use, 2020. [İngilizce, Website] https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/ Erişim tarihi: 24.6.2020.
• 30. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18.3.2020. WHO reference number: WHO/2019-nCoV/MentalHealth/2020.1. [İngilizce, Website] https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf , Erişim tarihi: 27.6.2020.
• 31. Henry N. COVID-19: The Perfect Storm for Depression in Older Adults. [İngilizce, Website] https://www.jcfs.org/blog/covid-19-perfect-storm-depression-older-adults Erişim: 24.6.2020.