Sarcopenia and Nutritional Approach

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 27 - 36, 30.04.2020

Hatice Merve Bayram Fatma Güneş

Öz

Sarcopenia is characterized by decline skeletal muscle plus low muscle strength and/or physical performance. Sarcopenia was first defined as loss of muscle mass due to aging, but today chronic diseases, poor physical activity and malnutrition are among the known causes of sarcopenia. Although the exact mechanism of sarcopenia is still uncertain, it is possible that some mechanisms can be mentioned. These mechanisms are; protein synthesis, proteolysis, neuromuscular integrity, and content of muscle fat. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies between 8% and 40% according to the using diagnostic criterias. The diagnosis of sarcopenia is based on muscle mass measurements and functional tests that evaluate muscle strength or physical performance (walking or balance tests). No specific biomarker has been identified to date. Today, struggle with sarcopenia, exercise and physical activity, nutritional supportive therapy, hormonal approaches and new pharmacological agents are the most accepted and studied approaches. There are growing evidences that associating nutritional therapy with muscle mass, strength and function in the elderly and suggesting that it plays an important role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia. The aim of this review is evaluate the relationship between nutrition and sarcopenia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sarcopenia, muscle strength, muscle mass, physical performance, nutrition

Sarkopeni ve Beslenme Yaklaşımı

Öz

Sarkopeni, azalan iskelet kası, azalmış kas gücü ve / veya fiziksel performans ile karakterizedir. Sarkopeni ilk olarak yaşlanmaya bağlı kas kütlesi kaybı olarak tanımlasa da günümüzde sarkopeninin bilinen nedenleri arasında kronik hastalıklar, zayıf fiziksel aktivite ve yetersiz beslenmede yer almaktadır. Sarkopeninin hala tam olarak mekanizması kesin olmamasına rağmen bazı mekanizmalardan söz edilebilmesi olasıdır. Bu mekanizmalar; protein sentezi, proteoliz, nöromuskuler bütünlük ve kas yağ içeriği ile ilgilidir. Sarkopeni prevalansı kullanılan tanı kriterlerine göre %8 ile %40 arasında değişmektedir. Sarkopeni tanısı, kas kütle ölçümlerine ve kas gücünü veya fiziksel performansı (yürüme ve denge testleri) değerlendiren fonksiyonel testlere dayanır. Bugüne kadar belirli bir biyobelirteç tanımlanmamıştır. Günümüzde sarkopeni etkileri ile mücadelede, egzersiz ve fiziksel aktivite, beslenme destek tedavisi, hormonal yaklaşımlar ve yeni farmakolojik ajanlar en çok kabul gören ve üzerinde çalışılan yaklaşımlardır. Yaşlılarda beslenme tedavisinin kas kütlesiyle, gücüyle ve fonksiyonuyla ilişkilendiren ve sarkopeninin önlenmesinde ve yönetiminde önemli bir rol oynadığını öne süren kanıtlar giderek artmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı beslenmenin sarkopeni üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sarkopeni, kas gücü, kas kütlesi, fiziksel performans, beslenme

Kaynakça

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