Yaşlılarda Panoramik Radyografta Yaygın Görülen Dental Durumlar ve Rastlantısal Bulgular

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 184 - 194, 31.12.2024

Esin Bozdemir (haştar) , Elif Sena Sargın , Hasibe Taşkın

https://doi.org/10.47141/geriatrik.1526872

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı panoramik radyograflarda yaşlılarda görülen dental problemlerin sıklığını ve rastlantısal patolojileri belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çeşitli şikayetlerle muayene olmak için başvuran 65 yaş ve üzerinde 392 (%49,2’si kadın, %50,8’i erkek) hastadan alınan panoramik radyograf incelendi. Mevcut diş sayısı, çürük diş sayısı, kök kalıntıları, gömülü diş, kist-tümör, temporomandibular eklem kemik yapılarındaki değişiklikler, maksiller sinüs patolojileri gibi radyografik bulgular değerlendirildi. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistik kullanılarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların yaş ortalaması 72,68 ± 5,08’di. En sık rastlanan dental patoloji radyolüsent lezyon (%30,4)’du. Mevcut diş sayısı ortalama 13,23 ± 8,86’ydı. Yaş artışı ile mevcut diş sayısı azalmaktaydı (r= -0,27, p< 0.001). Dişli hastaların %29,5’inde hiç çürük bulunmazken çürük sayısı beşten fazla olan hastaların oranı %1,8’di. Erkeklerde TME’de düzleşme görülme oranı (%25,4) kadınlardan (%15,6) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulundu (p=0.01). Hastaların %1,9’u sistemik olarak sağlıklı iken %80,1’i sistemik hastalığa sahipti. Sistemik hastalığı olanlarda dental patoloji görülme sıklığı daha fazlaydı fakat istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0.12).
Sonuç: Diş hekimlerinin ağız ve diş sağlığı ile sistemik sağlık arasındaki ilişkiyi iyi bir şekilde anlaması önemlidir. Sistemik hastalık insidansı oldukça yüksek olan yaşlı popülasyonda bazı sistemik hastalıkların dental patolojinin oluşma riskini arttırdığı ve çeşitli radyografik bulgulara neden olabildiği gözden kaçırılmamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağız Sağlığı, Yaşlılık, Gerodontoloji, Oral Bulgu, Panoramik Radyografi

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma daha önce yayınlanmamıştır ve başka bir yerde yayınlanmak üzere değerlendirilmemiştir.

Common Dental Conditions and Incidental Findings on Panoramic Radiograph in the Elderly

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of dental problems and incidental pathologies seen in the elderly on panoramic radiographs.
Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs from 392 patients (49.2% female, 50.8% male) aged 65 years and older who presented for examination with various complaints were analysed. Radiographic findings such as number of existing teeth, number of decayed teeth, root remnants, impacted teeth, cyst-tumours, changes in temporomandibular joint bone structures, maxillary sinus pathologies were evaluated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 72.68 ± 5.08 years. Most common dental pathology was radiolucent lesion (30.4%). The mean number of teeth present was 13.23 ± 8.86. A negative correlation was observed between age and the number of teeth present (r = -0.27, p < 0.001), indicating a decrease in the number of teeth with increasing age. While 29.5% of the patients with teeth had no caries, the rate of patients with more than five carious lesions was 1.8%. The prevalance of temporomandibular joint flattening was statistically significantly higher in males (25.4%) than in females (15.6%) (p=0.01). While 19.9% of the patients were free of any systemic disease, 80.1% had systemic diseases. The prevalance of dental pathology was higher in patients with systemic diseases, but not statistically significant (p=0.12).
Conclusion: It is important for dentists to have a good understanding of the relationship between oral and dental health and systemic health. It should not be overlooked that some systemic diseases increase the risk of dental pathology and may cause various radiographic findings in the elderly population with a high incidence of systemic diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oral Health, Old Age, Gerodontology, Oral Findings, Panoramic Radiography

Kaynakça

• Orimo H, Ito H, Suzuki T, et al. Reviewing the definition of “elderly”. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2006; 6(3): 149-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2006.00341.x.
• Razak PA, Richard KMJ, Thankachan RP, et al.Geriatric oral health: a review article. Journal of international oral health : JIOH. 2014; 6(6): 110-116.
• León S, Giacaman RA. Proposal for a Conceptual Framework for the Development of Geriatric Dentistry. J Dent Res. 2022; 101(3): 247-252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034521104226.
• Lee YH, Auh QS, Chun YH, et al. Age-related radiomorphometric changes on panoramic radiographs. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2021; 7(4): 539-551. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.375.
• White SC PM. Panoramic Imaging. Oral radiology principles and interpretation. 7th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2014; 183-201.
• Navabi N, Ma H, Haghani J. Jaws and Dental Panoramic Radiographic Findings in the Elderly in Kerman, Iran. International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science. 2017; 481-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-1700094.
• Avsever H, Gündüz K, Orhan K, et al. Prevalence of edentulousness, prosthetic need and panoramic radiographic findings of totally and partially edentulous patients in a sample of Turkish population. Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine. 2014; 4: 225. https://doi.org/10.5455/jeim.180614.or.106.
• van de Rijt LJM, Stoop CC, Weijenberg RAF, et al. The Influence of Oral Health Factors on the Quality of Life in Older Peo-ple: A Systematic Review. Gerontologist. 2020; 60(5): 378-394. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz105.
• Radwan-Oczko M, Bandosz K, Rojek Z, et al. Clinical Study of Oral Mucosal Lesions in the Elderly-Prevalence and Distribu-tion. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052853.
• Bozdemir E, Yılmaz HH, Orhan H. Oral mucosal lesions and risk factors in elderly dental patients. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2019; 13(1): 24-30. doi: 10.15171/joddd.2019.004.
• Freire JCG, Pereira JHdM, Nascimento PHLd, et al. Oral lesions in elderly denture wearers: a scoping review protocol. Re-search, Society and Development. 2021; 10(14): e521101422252. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.22252.
• GhiŢĂ RE, Scrieciu M, MercuŢ V, et al. Oral Mucosa Changes Associated with Wearing Removable Acrylic Dentures. Curr Health Sci J. 2020; 46(4): 344-51. https://doi.org/10.12865/CHSJ.46.04.04.
• Segù M, Manfredini D. Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in the Elderly. 2019; 63-79.
• Yunisa F, Biddinika M. Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Clicking in Adolescents, Adults, and Elderly Patients. Jour-nal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2020; 13: 1093-1096.
• Haştar E, Yılmaz HH, Orhan H. Evaluation of mental index, mandibular cortical index and panoramic mandibular index on dental panoramic radiographs in the elderly. Eur J Dent. 2011; 5(1): 60-7.
• Kiswanjaya B, Priaminiarti M, Bachtiar-Iskandar HH. Three panoramic indices for identification of healthy older people at a high risk of osteoporosis. Saudi Dent J. 2022; 34(6): 503-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.05.006.
• White SC PM. Principles of Radiographic Interpretation. Oral radiology principles and interpretation. 7th. ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2014; 271-285.
• TÜİK. “İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2022” .https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index 49667. Erişim tarihi: 03.04.2024.
• Salih MA, Ali RW, Nasir EF. Oral health status and associated factors among Sudanese older adults: A cross-sectional study. Gerodontology. 2022; 39(4): 408-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12611.
• OuluREPO. “Radiographic oral findings and death risk in the elderly.” http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514254546. Erişim tarihi: 17.04.2024.
• Atanda AJ, Livinski AA, London SD, et al. Tooth retention, health, and quality of life in older adults: a scoping review. BMC Oral Health. 2022; 22(1): 185. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02210-5.
• Bozdemir E, Yılmaz H, Orhan H. General health and oral health status in elderly dental patients in Isparta, Turkey. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2016; 22: 579-585. doi: 10.26719/2016.22.8.579.
• Nalçacı R, Erdemir EO, Baran I. Evaluation of the oral health status of the people aged 65 years and over living in near rural district of Middle Anatolia, Turkey. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2007; 45(1): 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2006.09.002.
• Chatzopoulos G. Oral Health Conditions of Older People: Focus on the Balkan Countries. Balkan Journal of Dental Medi-cine. 2015; 19. doi: 10.1515/bjdm-2015-0036.
• Saydam G, Oktay I, Möller I. Oral health status analysis. WHO European Region-Ministry of Health, Ankara. 1990; 25.
• Gökalp S, Güçiz Doğan B. Türkiye Ağız-Diş Sağlığı Profili 2004. 2. Basım Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ankara. 2009; 29-30.
• Chan AKY, Tamrakar M, Jiang CM, et al. A systematic review on caries status of older adults. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(20): 10662. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010662.
• Jindal SK, Sheikh S, Kulkarni S, et al.Significance of pre-treatment panoramic radiographic assessment of edentulous pa-tients-a survey. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011; 16(4): e600-6. doi: 10.4317/medoral.16.e600.
• Köse TE, Demirtaş N, Karabaş HC, et al. Evaluation of dental panoramic radiographic findings in edentulous jaws: A retro-spective study of 743 patients” Radiographic features in edentulous jaws”. The journal of advanced prosthodontics. 2015; 7(5): 380. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2015.7.5.380
• Sümer AP, Sümer M, Güler AU, et al. Panoramic radiographic examination of edentulous mouths. Quintessence Int. 2007; 38(7): 399-403.
• Masood F, Robinson W, Beavers KS, et al. Findings from panoramic radiographs of the edentulous population and review of the literature. Quintessence Int. 2007; 38(6): 298-305.
• Sümer M, Sümer AP, Abilov A, et al. Panoramic Radiographic Examination of Patients Aged 65 Years and Above Attending To A Dentistry Faculty. Journal of Ege University School of Dentistry/Ege Üniversitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023; 44(3). doi: 10.5505/eudfd.2023.13008.
• Özçaka Ö, Becerik S, Bıçakcı N, et al. Periodontal disease and systemic diseases in an older population. Archives of geron-tology and geriatrics. 2014; 59(2): 474-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2014.05.011.
• Tavares M, Calabi KAL, San Martin L. Systemic diseases and oral health. Dental Clinics. 2014; 58(4): 797-814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2014.07.005.
• Ay ZY, Bozkurt FY, Akkuş S. Romatoid artrit hastalarının periodontal sağlık durumunun değerlendirilmesi. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2007; 14(3): 26-9.
• Mohammad AR, Bauer RL, Yeh C-K. Spinal bone density and tooth loss in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Interna-tional Journal of Prosthodontics. 1997; 10(4).
• Uemura Y, Shibata R, Ishikawa S, et al. The association between oral health status and physical function in elderly patients with acute heart failure. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. 2024; 10(1): 824. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.824.
• Vural U.K, Vural C, Gökalp S. Bulaşıcı Olmayan Kronik Hastalıklar ve Diş Çürüğü. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakülte-si Dergisi. 2016; 26. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.22858.
• Drozdzowska B, Pluskiewicz W, Michno M. Tooth count in elderly women in relation to their skeletal status. Maturitas. 2006; 55(2): 126-131. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.10.011.
• Gusberti F, Syed S, Bacon G, et al. Puberty Gingivitis in Insulin‐dependent Diabetic Children: I. Cross‐sectional Observa-tions. Journal of periodontology. 1983; 54(12): 714-720.
• Yoshihara A, Seida Y, Hanada N, et al. The relationship between bone mineral density and the number of remaining teeth in community‐dwelling older adults. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2005; 32(10): 735-740. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01491.x.
• Bollen AM, Taguchi A, Hujoel PP, et al. Number of teeth and residual alveolar ridge height in subjects with a history of self-reported osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporosis international. 2004; 15: 970-974. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-004-1695-1.