THE ANALYSIS OF METABOLIC CONTENT OF TRADITIONAL MILK COLLECTED FROM THREE REGIONS IN TURKEY BY NMR SPECTROSCOPY

Öz

Milk is one of the primary animal-based foods in a healthy diet which provides vitamins, fats and particularly calcium to meet the daily requirements. Currently, there are a limited number of metabolomics studies on milk and more studies are required to establish reliable international standards and databases for milk metabolite profiles. In this study, metabolite analysis of three types of UHT milk which are whole-milk, semi-skimmed and lactose-free from Türkiye was investigated by NMR, with emphasis on the differences in metabolite concentrations related to lactose and energy metabolism. In all, 31 different metabolites were successfully identified and quantified with a single NMR experiment. Most of these metabolites are involved in energy and amino acid metabolism, and these findings show that NMR can easily detect perturbations of metabolites in these relevant pathways. In this study, the lactose levels of lactose-free labelled products also were analysed and compared with international threshold levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Milk
• NMR
• Metabolomic
• Lactose

TÜRKİYE'DE ÜÇ BÖLGEDEN TOPLANAN GELENEKSEL SÜTLERİN METABOLİK İÇERİĞİNİN NMR SPEKTROSKOPİSİ İLE ANALİZİ

Öz

Süt, insan beslenmesinin günlük ihtiyacını karşılamak için vitaminler, yağlar ve özellikle kalsiyum sağlayan sağlıklı bir diyetteki başlıca hayvansal gıdalardan biridir. Sütte bulunan metabolitler, sütün kimyasal özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmak, sütün kalitesini veya yabancı maddelerin tespitini belirlemek için çok önemlidir. Halihazırda, süt üzerinde sınırlı sayıda NMR bazlı metabolit profili çalışması bulunmaktadır ve NMR bazlı süt metabolit profilleri için güvenilir uluslararası standartlar ve veri tabanları oluşturmak için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada, laktoz ve enerji metabolizması ile ilgili metabolit konsantrasyonlarındaki farklılıklar vurgulanarak, Türkiye'de satılan konvansiyonel sütlerin metabolit analizi NMR spektroskopisi ile incelenmiştir. Toplamda, 31 farklı metabolit tek bir NMR deneyi ile tanımlandı ve nicel analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu metabolitlerin çoğu, enerji ve amino asit metabolizmasında yer almaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, NMR spektroskopinin bu ilgili yollardaki metabolitlerin bozulmalarını kolayca tespit edebildiğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada ayrıca, laktoz içermeyen etiketli ürünlerin laktoz seviyelerinin analizi ve uluslararası kabul görmüş seviyeler ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• laktoz
• süt
• NMR
• metabolomiks

Kaynakça

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