SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR DİYETLER VE HALK SAĞLIĞI: SAĞLIK VE ÇEVRESEL ETKİLERİN DERLEME NİTELİĞİNDE İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, sürdürülebilir beslenme kavramını çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve insan sağlığı perspektifinden incelemek ve sürdürülebilir diyet modellerinin sağlık üzerindeki potansiyel etkilerini güncel literatür doğrultusunda değerlendirmektir. Küresel gıda sistemleri, bir yandan iklim değişikliği, doğal kaynakların tükenmesi ve biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı gibi çevresel sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalırken, diğer yandan obezite, diyabet ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi beslenme kaynaklı kronik hastalıkların artışıyla mücadele etmektedir. Bu bağlamda sürdürülebilir diyetler, hem çevresel yükün azaltılması hem de toplum sağlığının iyileştirilmesi açısından önemli bir yaklaşım olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede sürdürülebilir diyetlerin temel bileşenleri; bitki temelli beslenmenin artırılması, hayvansal gıda tüketiminin azaltılması, yerel ve mevsimsel gıdaların desteklenmesi, gıda israfının önlenmesi ve adil gıda erişiminin sağlanması başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. Literatürde yer alan bulgular, sürdürülebilir beslenme modellerinin sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltılması, doğal kaynakların daha verimli kullanılması ve kronik hastalık risklerinin düşürülmesi gibi önemli çevresel ve sağlık faydaları sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte sürdürülebilir diyetlerin yaygınlaştırılabilmesi için bireysel davranış değişikliklerinin yanı sıra politika düzenlemeleri, gıda sistemlerinde yapısal dönüşümler ve sosyal eşitsizliklerin azaltılmasına yönelik bütüncül yaklaşımlar gerekmektedir. Sonuç olarak sürdürülebilir beslenme, hem çevresel sürdürülebilirliği destekleyen hem de halk sağlığını geliştiren çok boyutlu bir strateji olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir beslenme
• iklim krizi;
• sağlıklı yaşam
• bitki temelli diyet
• gıda israfı; adil gıda erişimi.

SUSTAINABLE DIETS AND PUBLIC HEALTH: A REVIEW OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Öz

The aim of this review is to examine the concept of sustainable nutrition from the perspective of environmental sustainability and human health, and to evaluate the potential impacts of sustainable dietary models on health in light of current literature. Global food systems face environmental problems such as climate change, depletion of natural resources, and biodiversity loss, while simultaneously struggling with the rise of nutrition-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, sustainable diets stand out as an important approach in terms of both reducing the environmental burden and improving public health. In this review, the basic components of sustainable diets are discussed under the headings of increasing plant-based nutrition, reducing animal food consumption, supporting local and seasonal foods, preventing food waste, and ensuring equitable access to food. Findings in the literature show that sustainable dietary models can provide significant environmental and health benefits such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, using natural resources more efficiently, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. However, in order to widespread sustainable diets, individual behavioral changes, as well as policy regulations, structural transformations in food systems, and holistic approaches to reducing social inequalities are required. In conclusion, sustainable nutrition is considered a multifaceted strategy that both supports environmental sustainability and improves public health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable nutrition
• healthy living
• climate crisis;
• plant-based diet;
• equitable food access.

Kaynakça

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