BİTKİSEL SÜT ALTERNATİFLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİ: FUCOM-ARTASI KULLANARAK ÇOK KRİTERLİ BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Bu çalışma, bitkisel süt alternatiflerinin (BSA) sürdürülebilirliğini değerlendirmek için, uzman görüşlerinden tutarlı ağırlıklar türeten full consistency method (FUCOM) ile uyarlanabilir standardizasyon ve sıralama sağlayan Alternative ranking technique based on adaptive standardized intervals (ARTASI) yöntemlerini birleştiren çok ölçütlü bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Türkiye pazarında ticari olarak en yaygın bulunan beş BSA incelenmiştir. Değerlendirme; karbon ve su ayak izi ile arazi kullanımı gibi çevresel göstergeleri, protein, kalsiyum, vitamin B12 ve enerji içeriği gibi besinsel özellikleri ve alerjen ve/veya genetiği değiştirilmiş organizma bulunma ihtimali, antinütrient varlığı ve sağlık açısından yararlı biyoaktif bileşikler içerme durumu gibi sağlık ve güvenlik unsurlarını kapsamaktadır. Gıda bilimi ve teknolojisi alanında uzmanlaşmış üç profesyonel tarafından tanımlanan toplam 11 alt kriter, besleyicilik, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve sağlık, güvenlik olmak üzere üç kümede sınıflandırılmıştır. FUCOM sonuçları, ana kriterler arasından çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin en etkili bileşen olduğunu; alt kriter düzeyinde ise protein, karbon ayak izi ve su ayak izinin en yüksek ağırlıklara sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. ARTASI ile elde edilen genel sürdürülebilirlik sıralamasında ise BSA’lar hindistan cevizi > soya > yulaf > badem > pirinç olarak sıralanmıştır. Duyarlılık çalışmaları ve TOPSIS, MABAC, WASPAS, ARAS, GIA gibi yöntemlerle yapılan çapraz karşılaştırmalar, elde edilen sonuçların tekrarlanabilirliğini doğrulamış ve BSA’ların sürdürülebilirlik sıralamasında bir değişim gözlenmemiştir. Bu bulgular, BSA’ların değerlendirilmesi için kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunmakta ve çok kriterli sürdürülebilirlik değerlendirmelerinde FUCOM ile ARTASI’nın birlikte kullanılmasının yararını ortaya koyarak hem üreticileri hem de tüketicileri daha sürdürülebilir seçimlere yönlendiren güçlü bir yaklaşım önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitkisel süt alternatifleri (BSA)
• sürdürülebilirlik değerlendirmesi
• çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV)

COMPARATIVE SUSTAINABILITY OF PLANT-BASED MILK ALTERNATIVES: A MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESSMENT USING FUCOM-ARTASI

Öz

This study introduces a multi-criteria framework that integrates full consistency method (FUCOM) for consistent expert weighting and alternative ranking technique based on adaptive standardized intervals (ARTASI) for adaptive standardization and ranking to evaluate the sustainability of plant-based milk analogues (PBMAs). Five of the most commercially available PBMAs in the Turkish market were analyzed. The assessment incorporated environmental factors such as carbon and water footprints and land use, nutritional attributes including protein, calcium, vitamin B12, and energy content, as well as health and safety considerations such as allergen and genetically modified organism presence, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. A panel of three food experts defined 11 sub-criteria grouped into three clusters: nutritional attributes, environmental sustainability, and health, safety. FUCOM results indicated that environmental sustainability was the most influential main criterion, with protein, carbon footprint, and water footprint receiving the highest weights at the sub-criteria level. Using ARTASI, the overall sustainability ranking across all factors was coconut > soy > oat > almond > rice. Sensitivity and cross-method analyses confirmed the robustness of the results, with no rank reversals. These findings provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating PBMAs and demonstrate the utility of combining FUCOM and ARTASI for multi-criteria sustainability assessments, offering a robust approach to guide both producers and consumers toward more sustainable choices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs)
• sustainability assessment
• multi-criteria decision making (MCDM)

Kaynakça

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