EV YAPIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL TARHANALARDAKİ TOKSİK METALLER VE AFLATOKSİN KONTAMİNASYONUNUN SAĞLIK RİSKİ DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Öz

Yeterli ve güvenli gıdaya erişim insan sağlığı için elzemdir; ancak kentleşme ve sanayileşme bu  erişimi giderek karmaşık hale getirmektedir.  Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin farklı şehirlerinde üretilen ev yapımı ve endüstriyel tarhana  örneklerinde toksik metal ve aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) kontaminasyonuna bağlı sağlık riski  değerlendirilmiştir. Numuneler ICP-MS yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş; kronik günlük alım (CDI), hedef tehlike katsayısı (THQ), tehlike indeksi (HI) ve kanser riski (CR) hesaplanarak WHO ve USEPA sınırlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. AFM1 analizleri ELISA yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Endüstriyel numunelerin tümünde HI değerleri güvenli sınırların altında bulunurken, üç ev yapımı numunede HI>1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Nikel ve krom için bazı ev yapımı ve endüstriyel numunelerde kanser riski sınırlarının aşıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, numunelerin %56’sında AFM1 düzeyleri Türk Gıda Kodeksi limitlerini aşmıştır. Sonuçlar, özellikle ev yapımı tarhanaların potansiyel sağlık riski taşıyabileceğini göstermektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AFM1
• tarhana
• toksik metal

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC METALS AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN HOME-MADE AND INDUSTRIAL TARHANAS

Öz

Access to adequate and safe food is essential for protecting human health; however, urbanization and industrialization have increased food safety challenges.  This study evaluated health risks related to toxic metal and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in homemade and industrial tarhana samples produced in different regions of Türkiye. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and chronic daily intake (CDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR) were 2 calculated and compared with limits set by WHO and USEPA. AFM1 levels were determined by ELISA. All industrial samples exhibited HI values below the safety threshold, whereas three  homemade samples showed HI values greater than 1. Cancer risk limits for nickel and chromium were exceeded in some homemade and industrial samples. Additionally, AFM1 levels exceeded Turkish Food Codex limits in 56% of samples. These results indicate that tarhana, particularly homemade products, may pose significant health risks. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AFM1
• tarhana
• toxic metal

Kaynakça

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