TÜRK KAHVESİNDE ŞEKER VE KAHVE SEVİYELERİNİN GÖRÜNTÜ TABANLI DERİN ÖZELLİKLER VE YÜZEY MORFOLOJİSİ ANALİZİYLE SINIFLANDIRILMASI

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türk kahvesinde şeker ve kahve miktarına bağlı formülasyon farklılıklarının görüntü tabanlı yöntemlerle belirlenebilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı şeker ve kahve seviyelerini temsil eden altı ayrı kahve formülasyonu hazırlanmış ve her gruba ait 500 adet görüntüden oluşan bir veri seti elde edilmiştir. İlk aşamada, görüntülerden önceden eğitilmiş ResNet-50 mimarisinin avg_pool katmanından derin özellikler çıkarılmış, bu özellikler ECOC tabanlı doğrusal destek vektör makineleri ile sınıflandırılmıştır. Model altı sınıflı formülasyon tanıma, üç sınıflı şeker seviyesi belirleme ve iki sınıflı kahve miktarı tahmini problemlerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca özellik uzayındaki ayrışmayı incelemek amacıyla PCA ve t-SNE analizleri uygulanmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise sınıflandırma sonuçlarını desteklemek amacıyla kahve yüzeyine ait fraktal boyut, entropi, kontrast, homojenlik, köpük oranı ve parlaklık parametreleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, formülasyona bağlı değişimlerin derin özellik uzayında ayırt edilebilir örüntüler oluşturduğunu ve yüzey morfolojisi parametrelerinde sistematik değişimlerle ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Türk kahvesi
• derin özellikler
• ResNet-50
• destek vektör makineleri
• fraktal boyut
• görüntü analizi
• yüzey morfolojisi

CLASSIFICATION OF SUGAR AND COFFEE LEVELS IN TURKISH COFFEE USING IMAGE-BASED DEEP FEATURES AND SURFACE MORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS

Öz

This study investigates the determinability of formulation differences in Turkish coffee depending on sugar and coffee content using image-based methods. For this purpose, six different coffee formulations representing different sugar and coffee levels were prepared, and a dataset consisting of 500 images for each group was obtained. In the first stage, deep features were extracted from the avg_pool layer of the pre-trained ResNet-50 architecture from the images, and these features were classified using ECOC-based linear support vector machines. The model was evaluated in six-class formulation recognition, three-class sugar level determination, and two-class coffee content estimation problems. In addition, PCA and t-SNE analyses were applied to examine the decomposition in the feature space. In the second stage, fractal dimension, entropy, contrast, homogeneity, foam ratio, and brightness parameters of the coffee surface were calculated to support the classification results. The findings indicated that formulation-dependent variations were associated with distinguishable patterns in the deep feature space and systematic changes in surface morphology parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkish coffee
• deep features
• ResNet-50
• support vector machines
• fractal dimension
• image analysis
• surface morphology

Kaynakça

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