CRATAEGUS MONOGYNA JACQ. VE CRATAEGUS LAEVIGATA (POIR.) DC. KIRMIZI ALIÇ TÜRLERİNİN MEYVE, ÇEKİRDEK, SAP KISIMLARININ FİTOKİMYASAL VE ANTİOKSİDAN ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 4, 669 - 681, 14.08.2024

Hatice Feyza Akbulut

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD24057

Öz

Yemişen, diğer adı ile kırmızı alıç (Crataegus spp.) Rosaceae familyasına ait bir bitki olup Dünya’da ılıman iklime sahip Asya, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika’nın farklı bölgelerinde yetişmekte ve aynı zamanda Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde de yayılım göstermektedir. Meyveleri beğenilerek tüketilmekle birlikte bitkinin yaprak ve sapları, fenolik asitler ve flavonoidler gibi antioksidan biyoaktif bileşenlerce oldukça zengindir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden temin edilen iki farklı yemişen türünün fitokimyasal ve antioksidan özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Ve Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. Yemişen türlerine ait meyve, pulp, çekirdek ve saplarında toplam fenolik madde (TFM) içeriği ve DPPH radikal süpürme aktivitesi, organik asit ve şeker profili ve mineral dağılımları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, en bol bulunan makro-mineral K, mikro-mineral Fe, hâkim asit malik asit ve baskın şeker fruktoz olarak belirlenmiştir. Her iki kırmızı alıç türünde de meyve pulplarının TFM bakımından zengin olduğu ve meyvenin saplarının ise daha yüksek antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crataegus monogyna Jack., Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC, Toplam Fenolik, DPPH, Mineral, Askorbik asit, Fruktoz

EVALUATION OF FRUITS, SEEDS AND STEM PARTS OF CRATAEGUS MONOGYNA JACQ. AND CRATAEGUS LAEVIGATA (POIR.) DC. RED HAWTHORN SPECIES IN TERMS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES

Öz

Yemişen, also known as red hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), is a plant belonging to the Rosaceae family and grows in different regions of Asia, Europe and North America with temperate climates, and is also spread in different regions of Turkey. Although its fruits are consumed with pleasure, the leaves and stems of the plant are rich in antioxidant bioactive components such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. In this study, the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of two different Crataegus species obtained from different regions of Turkey were investigated. Total phenolic (TP) content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, organic acid and sugar profile and mineral distributions were determined in the fruits, pulp, seeds and stems of Crataegus monogyna Jacq., and Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. According to the obtained results, the most abundant macro-mineral was determined to be K, the micro-mineral was Fe, the dominant acid was malic acid, and the dominant sugar was fructose. In both red hawthorn species, it was determined that the fruit pulps were rich in TPC, and the stems of the fruit had higher antioxidant capacity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crataegus monogyna Jack., Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC, Total Phenolic, DPPH, Mineral, Ascorbic acid, Fructose

Kaynakça

• Adak, N., Tetik, N., Güneş, E., Balkıç, R., Gübbük, H., Kulcan, A.A. (2016). Değişik yetiştirme sistemlerinin çilek (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.) meyvelerinin bazı fizikokimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 29(2): 33-38.
• Akbulut, H.F., Akbulut, M. (2023). Mineral composition, the profile of phenolic compounds, organic acids, sugar and in vitro antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of organic extracts of Juniperus drupacea fruits. Food Science & Nutrition, 11(10): 6435-6446, https://doi.org/ 10.1002/fsn3.3586
• Akbulut, H. F., Almaghrebi, E., Obali, I., Vatansev, H., Vatansev, H., Akbulut, M. (2024). Evaluation the organic acid, tocopherol and phenolic profiles of Dracaena cinnabari resin extracts obtained by different solvent extraction. Latin American Applied Research, 54(2): 195-200, https://doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2024.2865
• Bignami, C., Paolocci, M., Scossa, A., Bertazza, G. (2003). Preliminary evaluation of nutritional and medicinal components of Crataegus azarolus fruits. Acta Horticulturae, 597: 95–100, https://doi.org/ 10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.597.11
• Boudraa, S., Hambaba, L., Zidani, S., Boudraa, H. (2010). Mineral and vitamin composition of fruits of five underexploited species in Algeria: Celtis australis L., Crataegus azarolus L., Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Elaeagnus angustifolia L. and Zizyphus lotus L. Fruits (Paris), 65(2): 75-84, https://doi.org/ 10.1051/fruits/20010003
• Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.-E., Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28: 25–30, https://doi.org/10.1016 /S0023-6438(95)80008-5
• Cao, S., Zheng, Y., Yang, Z., Wanga, K., Ruia, H. (2009). Effect of methyl jasmonate on quality and antioxidant activity of postharvest loquat fruit. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89: 2064-2070, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3691
• Chapman, G.W., Horvat, R.J., Payne, J.A. (1991). The nonvolatile acid and sugar composition of mayhaw fruits (Crataegus aestivalis, C. opaca, C. rufula). Journal of Food Quality, 14: 435–439, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1991.tb00083.x
• Chen, F.X., Liu, X.H., Chen, L.S. (2008). Organic acid composition in the pulp of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl) and distribution in fruits. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 16: 189-196.
• Chen, F.X., Liu, X.H., Chen, L.S. (2009). Developmental changes in pulp organic acid concentration and activities of acid-metabolizing enzymes during the fruit development of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivars differing in fruit acidity. Food Chemistry 114: 657-664, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.foodchem.2008.10.003
• Coklar, H., Akbulut, M., Alhassan, I., Kirpitci, S., Korkmaz, E. (2018). Organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Malus floribunda coccinella fruit, peel and flesh. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus, 17(5): 47-59, https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2018.5.5
• Devirian, T.A., Volpe, S.L. (2003). The physiological effects of dietary boron. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 43: 219–231, https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690390826491
• Edwards, J.E., Brown, P.N., Talent, N., Dickinson, T.A., Shipley, P.R. (2012). A review of the chemistry of the genus Crataegus. Phytochemistry, 79: 5–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.phytochem.2012.04.006
• Ergezen, M.K. (1999). Crataegus tanacetifolia (lam.) pers. üzerinde farmakognozik araştırmalar. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans tezi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
• Fakhri, M., Davoodi, A., Parviz, M., Sadeghi Ghadi, Z., Mousavinasab, S. N., Farhadi, R., Azadbakht, M., Azadbakht, M. (2017). Characterization and HPLC analysis of manna from some Cotoneaster species. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(12): 5360-5366. http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/ IJPSR.0975-8232.8 (12).5360-66
• Gao, P.Y., Li, L.Z., Peng, Y., Li, F.F., Niu, C., Huang, X.X., Ming, M., Song, S.J. (2010). Monoterpene and lignan glycosides in the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 38: 988–992, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.bse.2010.09.010
• Hasegawa, P.N., Faria, A.F., Mercadante, A.Z., Chagas, E.A., Pio, R., Lajolo, F.M., Cordenunsi, B.R., Purgatto, E. (2010). Chemical composition of five loquat cultivars planted in Brazil. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 30(2): 552-559.
• Kahve, H. I., Coklar, H., Akbulut, M. (2024). The effect of different drying techniques on some bioactive compounds and antibacterial properties of Polygonum sivasicum. Latin American Applied Research, 54(1): 39-44, https://doi.org/10.52292/ j.laar.2024.1968
• Kalpoutzakis, E., Chatzimitakos, T., Athanasiadis, V., Mitakou, S., Aligiannis, N., Bozinou, E., Gortzi, O., Skaltsounis, L.A., Lalas, S.I. (2023). Determination of the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of extracts from parts of plants from the Greek Island of Crete. Plants, 12(5): 1092, https://doi.org/ 10.3390/plants12051092
• Keser, S., Celik, S., Turkoglu, S., Yilmaz, Ö., Turkoglu, I. (2014). The investigation of some bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna Jacq). Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 3(2): 51, https://doi.org/ 10.5455/jice.20140120103320
• Liu, P., Kallio, H., Lu, D., Zhou, C., Ou, S., Yang, B. (2010). Acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols in Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(2): 1012-1019, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf902773v
• Mao, Y., Tian, S., Qin, Y., Han, J. (2019). A new sensory sweetness definition and sweetness conversion method of five natural sugars, based on the Weber-Fechner Law. Food Chemistry, 281: 78-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.foodchem.2018.12.049
• McLaughlin, M.M.J., Parker, D.R., Clarke, J.M. (1999). Metals and micronutrients-food safety issues. Field Crops Research, 60: 143– 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00137-3
• Nazhand, A., Lucarini, M., Durazzo, A., Zaccardelli, M., Cristarella, S., Souto, S. B., Santini, A. (2020). Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.): An updated overview on its beneficial properties. Forests, 11(5), 564, https://doi.org/10.3390/ f11050564
• Njus, D., Kelley, P.M., Tu, Y.J., Schlegel, H.B. (2020). Ascorbic acid: The chemistry underlying its antioxidant properties. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 159: 37–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.013
• Orhan, I.E. (2018). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity Profile of Crataegus oxyacantha L. (Hawthorn)-A Cardiotonic Herb. Curr. Medicinal Chemistry, 25: 4854–4865, https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160919095519
• Özcan, M., Hacıseferoğulları, H., Marakoğlu, T., Arslan, D. (2005). Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruit: some physical and chemical properties. Journal of Food Engineering, 69(4): 409-413, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.08.032
• Özcan, M.M., Akbulut, M. (2008). Estimation of minerals, nitrate and nitrite contents of medicinal and aromatic plants used as spices, condiments and herbal tea. Food Chemistry, 106: 852–858. https:// doi.org/10.1016/ j.foodchem.2007.06.045
• Öztürk, F. S., Gökbulut, İ., Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2022). Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of Crataegus species in Malatya, Turkey. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 1: 78-85.
• Pugna, A. A., Nagy, I. N., Socaci, S. A., Hodișan, B., Biriș-Dorhoi, S. E., Tofană, M. (2022). Evalation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Crataegus monogyna. Hop and Medicinal Plants, 30(1/2): 287-295.
• Radi, F. Z., Bencheikh, N., Bouhrim, M., Saleh, A., Al kamaly, O., Parvez, M. K., Elbouzidi, A., Bnouham, M., Zair, T. (2023a). Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, and Antihyperglycemic Activities of Crataegus monogyna Jacq Aqueous Extract. Natural Product Communications, 18(8), 1934578X231195157, https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1934578X231195
• Radi, F. Z., Bencheikh, N., Anarghou, H., Bouhrim, M., Alqahtani, A. S., Hawwal, M. F., Noman, O.M., Bnouham, M., Zair, T. (2023b). Quality control, phytochemical profile, and biological activities of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and Crataegus laciniata Ucria fruits aqueous extracts. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 31(10), 101753.
• Senhaji, S., Lamchouri, F., Toufik, H. (2020). Phytochemical content, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of endemic plant anabasis aretioïdes coss. & moq. (Chenopodiaceae). BioMed Research International, 2020: 6152932, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6152932
• Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A., 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3): 144-158, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
• Skujins, S. (1998). Handbook for ICP-AES (varian-vista). A short guide to vista series ICP-AES operation. Varian Int. AG, Zug, Version, 1-0.
• Taleghani, A., Eghbali, S., Moghimi, R., Mokaber-Esfahani, M. (2024). Crataegus pentagyna willd. Fruits, leaves and roots: phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1): 126. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04430-4
• Tetik, F., Civelek, S., Cakilcioglu, U. (2013). Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146(1): 331-346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.054
• Toker, R., Gölükcü, M., Tokgöz, H., Tepe, S. (2013). Organic acids and sugar compositions of some loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica L.) grown in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 19(2): 121-128, https://doi.org/10.1501/ Tarimbil_0000001236
• Wu, J., Peng, W., Qin, R., Zhou, H. (2014). Crataegus pinnatifida: Chemical constituents, pharmacology, and potential applications. Molecules, 19: 1685–1712, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19021685
• Xu, H., Chen, J., Xie, M. (2010). Effect of different light transmittance paper bags on fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in loquat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90: 1783-1788, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4012
• Yang, B., Liu, P., Kallio, H. (2012). Sugars, Acids, and Phenolic Compounds in Chinese Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Fruits of Different Origins. In Emerging Trends in Dietary Components for Preventing and Combating Disease (pp. 275-286). American Chemical Society.