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Hayvansal Gıdalarda Antibiyotik Kalıntıları

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 24, 8 - 15, 30.08.2020

Öz

Öz


Amaç:
Hayvansal proteinlerin dengeli ve yeterli beslenmedeki rolü son derece önemlidir. Hayvancılıkta antibiyotiklerin yasal olmayan şekilde kontrolsüz kullanılmaları güvenli hayvansal gıda üretimi için önemli bir risk oluşturmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde, Türkiye’de ve diğer birçok ülkede hayvancılıkta antibiyotiklerin kullanımına kısıtlamalar getirilmiş, kullanımı belli şartlara bağlanmıştır. Kontrolsüz koşullarda kullanıldığında antibiyotikler, hayvanların dokularında ve organlarında birikim yapmakta ve hayvansal gıdalarda kalıntılara yol açabilmektedir. Antibiyotik kalıntılarını içeren gıdaların tüketilmesi başta antibiyotik direnci olmak üzere halk sağlığı açısından pek çok risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu riskler hayvansal gıdaların antibiyotik kalıntıları yönünden izlenmesinin önemini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Hayvansal gıdalardaki antibiyotik kalıntılarının tespiti için pek çok yöntem kullanılabilir olsa da bunlardan en güvenilir olanı kromatografik ayrım ile spektrometrik tespitin kombinasyonundan oluşan yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı hayvansal gıdalardaki antibiyotik kalıntılarının zararları, analiz yöntemleri, ilgili mevzuat ve yayınlanan güncel metotlar hakkında bilgileri derlemektir.

Sonuç: Halk sağlığının korunması açısından hayvansal gıdalardaki antibiyotik kalıntılarının izlenmesi zorunludur. Kalıntıların tespitine yönelik hızlı, ekonomik, pratik, kolay ve güvenilir çoklu kalıntı analiz yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi, kalıntı izleme çalışmalarının etkinliğini arttıracaktır.


Kaynakça

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  • Addison, J.B., 1984. Antibiotics in Sediments and Run-off Waters from Feedlots. Residue Rev. 92, 1–24.
  • Adıyaman, E. ve Ayhan, V., 2010. Etlik Piliçlerin Beslenmesinde Aromatik Bitkilerin Kullanımı. Hayvansal Üretim, 51(1)
  • Anonim, 1996. Council Directive 96 / 23 / EC
  • Anonim, 2002. Commission Decision 2002 /657 / EC.
  • Anonim, 2005. Ban on Antibiotics as Growth Promoters in Animal Feed Enters into Effect. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/e n/IP_05_1687 Erişim Tarihi:25.05.2020
  • Anonim, 2006. Yem Katkıları ve Premikslerin Üretimi, İthalatı, İhracatı, Satışı ve Kullanımı Hakkında Tebliğde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2006/1) (RG:21.01.2006 Sayı:2656.
  • Anonim, 2007. CRL Guidance Paper-2007Crls Vıew On State Of The Art Analytıcal Methods For Natıonal Resıdue Control Plans. 7/12/2017
  • Anonim, 2009. Commission Regulation (EC) No 124 / 2009
  • Anonim, 2010. Commission Regulation (EU) No 37 / 2010
  • Anonim, 2011. Canlı Hayvanlar ve Hayvansal Ürünlerde Belirli Maddeler ile Bunların Kalıntılarının İzlenmesi için Alınacak Önlemlere Dair Yönetmelik” (RG: 17.12.2011, No.28145)
  • Anonim, 2015. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Hedef Dışı Yemlere Taşınması Önlenemeyen Koksidiyostatların ve Histomonostatların Hayvansal Gıdalardaki Maksimum Miktarları Hakkında Yönetmelik 8/2/2015 tarih ve 29261 sayılı.
  • Anonim, 2017a. Antimicrobial Resistance–What You Need to Know http://www.fao.org/ zhc/detailevents/ en/c/451065/. Erişim Tarihi: 02.04.2020.
  • Anonim, 2017b. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Hayvansal Gıdalarda Bulunabilecek Farmakolojik Aktif Maddelerin Sınıflandırılması ve Maksimum Kalıntı Limitleri Yönetmeliği. 7/3/2017 tarih ve 30000 sayılı Anonim , 2018a . Antibiotic Resistance https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/antibiotic-resistance (Erişim Tarihi 05.04.2020)
  • Anonim, 2018b. Hayvansal Ürünlerde Kütle Spektrometrik Yöntemler ile Veteriner İlaç Kalıntılarının Analizleri için Metot Validasyonu Rehberi
  • Anonim, 2019. Technical Report for 2018 on the Results from the Monitoring of Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and other Substances in Live Animals and Animal Products. Eurepean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/chemical_safety/vet_med_residues_en (Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2020)
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  • Aynagöz, Z., 1993. Hormon ve Benzeri Maddelerin Hayvan Beslemede Kullanılması, Doktora Semineri. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
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Antibiotic Residues in Food of Animal Origin

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 24, 8 - 15, 30.08.2020

Öz

Abstract

Objective: The role of animal proteins in balanced and adequate nutrition is extremely important. Illegal and uncontrolled use of antibiotics in animal husbandry poses a significant risk for safe of food of animal origin. In European Union countries, Turkey and many other countries, has brought restrictions on the use of antibiotics in livestock, their use is restricted to certain conditions. When not used under controlled conditions, these drugs accumulate in the organs of animals and can cause to residues in food of animal origin. Consumption of foods containing antibiotic residues poses many risks for public health, especially antibiotic resistance. These risks reveal the importance of monitoring food of animal origin in terms of antibiotic residues. Although many methods can be used to detect antibiotic residues in food of animal origin, the safest of them are methods based on the combination of chromatographic separation and spectrometric detection. The aim of this study is to review information about the risks posed by antibiotic residues in food of animal origin, analysis methods, related legislation and current methods published.

Results: In order to protect public health, monitoring of antibiotic residues in food of animal origin is mandatory. The development of rapid, economic, practical, easy and reliable multi residue analysis methods for the detection of residues will increase the effectiveness of residue monitoring studies.

Kaynakça

  • Aarestrup F.M., 2005. Veterinary Drug Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria of Animal Origin. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology 96, 271–281
  • Addison, J.B., 1984. Antibiotics in Sediments and Run-off Waters from Feedlots. Residue Rev. 92, 1–24.
  • Adıyaman, E. ve Ayhan, V., 2010. Etlik Piliçlerin Beslenmesinde Aromatik Bitkilerin Kullanımı. Hayvansal Üretim, 51(1)
  • Anonim, 1996. Council Directive 96 / 23 / EC
  • Anonim, 2002. Commission Decision 2002 /657 / EC.
  • Anonim, 2005. Ban on Antibiotics as Growth Promoters in Animal Feed Enters into Effect. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/e n/IP_05_1687 Erişim Tarihi:25.05.2020
  • Anonim, 2006. Yem Katkıları ve Premikslerin Üretimi, İthalatı, İhracatı, Satışı ve Kullanımı Hakkında Tebliğde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ (Tebliğ No: 2006/1) (RG:21.01.2006 Sayı:2656.
  • Anonim, 2007. CRL Guidance Paper-2007Crls Vıew On State Of The Art Analytıcal Methods For Natıonal Resıdue Control Plans. 7/12/2017
  • Anonim, 2009. Commission Regulation (EC) No 124 / 2009
  • Anonim, 2010. Commission Regulation (EU) No 37 / 2010
  • Anonim, 2011. Canlı Hayvanlar ve Hayvansal Ürünlerde Belirli Maddeler ile Bunların Kalıntılarının İzlenmesi için Alınacak Önlemlere Dair Yönetmelik” (RG: 17.12.2011, No.28145)
  • Anonim, 2015. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Hedef Dışı Yemlere Taşınması Önlenemeyen Koksidiyostatların ve Histomonostatların Hayvansal Gıdalardaki Maksimum Miktarları Hakkında Yönetmelik 8/2/2015 tarih ve 29261 sayılı.
  • Anonim, 2017a. Antimicrobial Resistance–What You Need to Know http://www.fao.org/ zhc/detailevents/ en/c/451065/. Erişim Tarihi: 02.04.2020.
  • Anonim, 2017b. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Hayvansal Gıdalarda Bulunabilecek Farmakolojik Aktif Maddelerin Sınıflandırılması ve Maksimum Kalıntı Limitleri Yönetmeliği. 7/3/2017 tarih ve 30000 sayılı Anonim , 2018a . Antibiotic Resistance https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/antibiotic-resistance (Erişim Tarihi 05.04.2020)
  • Anonim, 2018b. Hayvansal Ürünlerde Kütle Spektrometrik Yöntemler ile Veteriner İlaç Kalıntılarının Analizleri için Metot Validasyonu Rehberi
  • Anonim, 2019. Technical Report for 2018 on the Results from the Monitoring of Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues and other Substances in Live Animals and Animal Products. Eurepean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/chemical_safety/vet_med_residues_en (Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2020)
  • Ardıç, M. ve Durmaz H., 2006. Peynirde Starter Kültür Gelişimini Etkileyen Faktörler. Atatürk Univ Vet Bil Derg 2006;1(3-4):69-73.
  • Aynagöz, Z., 1993. Hormon ve Benzeri Maddelerin Hayvan Beslemede Kullanılması, Doktora Semineri. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Bertini, S., Fierrero, S. and Berny, P., 2003. A New İmproved High Performance thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Method for Detection of Ionophore Antibiotics in Feed and Animal Tissues. J. Liq. Chrom. Relat. Tech., 26, 147- 156
  • Beyene, T., 2016. Veterinary Drug Residues in Food- Animal Products: its Risk Factors and potential Effects on Public Health. J Vet Sci Technol 7(1):1–7
  • Butaye, P., Devriese, L.A. and Haesebrouck, F., 2001. Differences in Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Enterococcus Faecalis and Enterococcus Faecium Strains Isolated from Farm and pet Animals. Antimicorbial Agents and Chemotherapy,
  • Cerniglia, C.E. and Kotarski, S., 1999. Evaluation of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food for their Potential to Affect Human Intestinal Microflora. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 29, 238–261.
  • Chico, J., Rúbies, A., Centrich, F., Companyó, R., Prat, M.D, and Granados M., 2008. High-Throughput Multiclass Method for Antibiotic Residue Analysis by Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry Journal of Chromatography A, 1213 189–199.
  • Chung, H.H., Lee J.B., Chung, Y.H. and Lee K.G., 2009. Analysis of Sulfonamide and Quinolone Antibiotic Residues in Korean Milk Using Microbial Assays and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Food Chem., 113, 297-301.
  • Cordle, M.K., 1988. USDA Regulation of Residues in Meat and Poultry Products. J. Anim. Sci., 66, 413-433.
  • Dasenaki, M.E. and Thomaidis, N.S., 2015. Multi- Residue Determination of 115 Veterinary Drugs and Pharmaceutical Residues in Milk Powder, Butter, Fish Tissue and Eggs Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 880 103–121.
  • Dayan, A.D., 1993. Allergy to Antimicrobial Residues in food: Assessment of the Risk to Man. Veterinary Microbiology Volume 35, Issues 3–4, Pages 213-226.
  • Dubreil, E., Gautier, S., Fourmond, M.P., Bessiral, M., Gaugain, M., Verdon, E. and Pessel, D., 2017. Validation Approach for a Fast and Simple Targeted Screening Method for 75 Antibiotics in Meat and Aquaculture Products using LC-MS/MS. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(4), 453-468.
  • Duru, M. ve Şahin, A., 2004. Türkiye'de Sağlıklı ve Güvenli Hayvansal Üretimin Gerekliliği. Hayvansal Üretim 45(1): 36-41.
  • El Hawari K., Mokh S., Doumyati S., Al Iskandarani M. and Verdon E., 2016. Development and Validation of a Multiclass Method for the Determination of Antibiotic Residues in honey Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment 34(4).
  • El-Makawy, A., Radwan, H.A., Ghaly, I.S. and El- Raouf, A.A., 2006. Genotoxical, Teratological and Biochemical Effects of anthelmintic Drug Oxfendazole Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) in Male and Female Mice. ReprodNutrDev 46: 139-156.
  • Ergin Kaya, S. ve Filazi, A., 2010. Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Milk Samples. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16:31-35.
  • Filazi, A, 2012. Hayvansal Gıdalardaki Antibiyotik Kalıntıları ve Risklerinin Değerlendirilmesi Freitas, A., Barbosa, J. and Ramos, F., 2014. Multi-Residue and Multi - Class Method for the Determination of Antibiotics in Bovine Muscle by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Meat Science Volume 98, Issue 1, September 2014, Pages 58-64.
  • Furusawa, N., 2001. Transference of Dietary Veterinary Drugs into Eggs. Vet Res Commun 25:651-62
  • Galarini, R., Saluti, G., Giusepponi ,D., Rossi, R. and Moretti, S., 2015. Multiclass Determination of 27 Antibiotics in Honey. Food Control Volume 48, Pages 12-24
  • Gaudin, V., 2017. Advancesin Biosensor Development for the Screening of Antibiotic Residues in Food Products of Animal Origin – A Comprehensive Review. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 90, 363–377.
  • Gómez-Pérez, M.L., Plaza-Bolanos, P., Romero-Gonzáleza, R., Martínez-Vidala, J.L. and Garrido- Frenicha, A., 2012. Comprehensive Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Honey Using Liquid Chromatography–Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1248 130– 138.
  • Gustavson, E., Bjurling, P., Deglean, J. and Strrensjo, A., 2002. Analysis of Lactam Antibiotics Using a Microbial Receptor Protein Based Biosensor Assay. Food Agr. Immunol., 14, 121-131.
  • Hammel, Y.A., Mohamed, R., Gremaud, E., LeBreton, M.H. and Guy, P.A., 2008. Multi- Screening Approach to Monitor and Quantify 42 Antibiotic Residues in Honey by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A Volume 1177, Issue 1, 4 January 2008, Pages 58-76.
  • İpçak, H.H., Özüretmen, S., Özelçam, H. ve Ünlü, H.B., 2017. Hayvan Beslemede Antibiyotiklere Alternatif Olarak Organik Asit, Esansiyel Yağ ve Bakteriyosinlerin Kullanımı. Hayvansal Üretim, 58(1), 57-65
  • Jadhav, M.R., Pudale, A., Raut, P., Utture, S., Shabeer, T.P.A. and Banerjee, K., 2019. A Unified Approach For High-Throughput Quantitative Analysis of the Residues of Multi-Class Veterinary Drugs and Pesticides in Bovine Milk Using LC-MS/MS and GC–MS/MS. Food Chemistry Volume 272, 30 January 2019, Pages 292-305.
  • Jank, L., Martins, M.T., Arsand, J.B., Motta, T.M.C., Feijó, T.C., dos Santos Castilhos, T. and Pizzolato, T.M., 2017. Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Multiclass Method for 46 Antibiotics Residues in Milk and Meat: Development and Validation. Food Analytical Methods, 10(7), 2152-2164.
  • Jiménez, V., Rubies, A, Centrich, F, Companyó, R. And Guiteras J., 2011. Development and Validation of a Multiclass Method for the Analysis of Antibiotic Residues in Eggs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr A. 2011 Mar 18;1218(11):1443-51.
  • Lee, H.J., Lee, M.H. and Ruy, P.D., 2001. Public Health Risks: Chemical and Antibiotic Residues. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14, 402-413, 2001.
  • Lee, J.B., Chung, H.H., Chung, Y.H. and Lee, K.G., 2007. Development of an Analytical Protocol for Detecting Antibiotic Residues in Various Foods. Food Chem., 105, 1726-1731.
  • Masiá, A., Suarez-Varela, M.M., Llopis-Gonzalez, A., and Picó, Y., 2016. Determination of Pesticides and Veterinary Drug Residues in Food by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A Review. Analytica Chimica Acta, 936, 40-61.
  • Metin, M., 1999. Süt Teknolojisi, Ege Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Yayınları no:33. Bornova, İzmir.
  • Moretti, S., Dusi, G., Giusepponi, D., Pellicciotti, S., Rossi, R., Saluti, G., Cruciani, G. and Galarini, R., 2016. Screening and Confirmatory Method for Multiclass Determination of 62 Antibiotics in Meat Journal of Chromatography A, 1429, 175–188
  • Moretti, S., Saluti, G. and Galarini, R., 2017. Residue Determination in Honey. In: Honey Analysis, De Toledo V. A. (eds.), IntechOpen p. 325-365.
  • Nebot, C., Iglesias, A., Regal, P., Miranda, J., Cepeda, A. and Fente, C., 2012. Development of a Multi-Class Method for the Identification and Quantification of Residues of Antibiotics, Coccidiostats and Corticosteroids in Milk by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Int. Dairy J. 22, 78–85.
  • O’ Keeffe, M., Conneely, A., Cooper, K.M., Kennedy, D.G., Kovacsics, L., Fodor, A., Mulder, PPJ., Van Rhijn, JA. and Trigueros, G., 2004. Nitrofuran Antibiotic Residues in Pork: The FoodBRAND retail Survey. Analytica Chimica Acta Volume 520, Issues 1–2, Pages 125-131
  • Özcan, T. ve Baysal S., 2016. Vejateryan Beslenme ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 30, Sayı 2, 101-116.
  • Parks, O.W., 1989. Liquid Chromatographic Electrochemical Detection Screening Procedure for Six Nitro-Containing Drugs in Chichen Tissues at Low ppm Level. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 63, 4-7.
  • Pavlov, A., Lashev, L., Vachin, I. and Rusev ,V., 2008. Residues of Antimicrobial Drugs in Chicken Meat and Offals. Trakia J. Sci., 6, 23-25.
  • Peters, R.J.B., Bolck, Y.J.C., Rutgers, P., Stolker, A.A.M. and Nielen, M.W.F. , 2009. Multi-residue Screening of Veterinary Drugs in Egg, Fish and Meat Using High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography Accurate Mass Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(46), 8206-8216.
  • Pikkemaat, M.G., 2009. Microbial Screening Methods for Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Slaughter Animals. Anal Bioanal Chem 395:893–905 DOI 10.1007/s00216-009-2841-6
  • Ritchie H., 2017. https://ourworldindata.org/antibiotic-resistance-from-livestock How Do We Reduce Antibiotic Resistance from Livestock? (Erişim Tarihi 05.04.2020)
  • Saygı, Ş., Battal, D. ve Şahin N.Ö., 2012. Çevre ve İnsan Sağlığı Yönünden İlaç Atıklarının Önemi, Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 16, 82-90.
  • Taçbaş, E. ve Baydan, E., 2018. Organik Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğinde Hastalıkların Sağaltımında Kullanılabilecek Maddeler. Lalahan Hay. Araşt. Enst. Derg. 58 (2) 117-122.
  • Tittlemier, SA., Riet, JVD., Burns ,G., Potter, R., Murphy, C., Rourke, W., Pearce, H. and Dufresne, G., 2007. Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues in Fish and Shrimp Composites Collected During the Canadian Total Diet Study, 1993-2004. Food Addit. Cont., 24, 14-20.
  • Tuncer, H.İ., 2007. Karma Yemlerde Kullanımı Yasaklanan Hormon, Antibiyotik, Antikoksidiyal ve İlaçlar. Lalahan Hay. Araşt. Enst. Derg. 47 (1) 29-37.
  • Van Boeckel, T.P., Glennon, E.E., Chen, D., Gilbert, M., Robinson, T. P., Grenfell, B.T., Levin S.A., Bonhoeffer, S. and Laxminarayan, R., 2017. Reducing Antimicrobial Use in Food Animals. Science, 357(6358), 1350-1352
  • Vollard, E.J., and Clasener, H.A.L., 1994. Colonization Resistance. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 38, 409–414.
  • Wegener, H.C., Aarestrup F.M., Lars Bogø Jensen, L.B., Hammerum, A.M. and Bager, F., 1999. Use of Antimicrobial Growth Promoters in Food Animals and Enterococcus faecium Resistance to Therapeutic Antimicrobial Drugs in Europe Emerg Infect Dis. May-Jun;5(3):329-35.
  • Xie, J., Peng, T., Zhu, A., He, J., Chang, Q., Hu, X., Chen, H., Fan, C., Jiang, W., Chen, M., Li, J., Ding, S. and Jiang, H.,2015. Multi-Residue Analysis of Veterinary Drugs, Pesticides and Mycotoxins in Dairy Products by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry using Low-Temperature Cleanup and Solid Phase Extraction. Journal of Chromatography B Volume 1002, Pages 19-29.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Gıda ve Yem Bilimi-Teknolojisi Dergisi
Yazarlar

Arzu Yavuz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2526-4761

İsmail Azar Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4424-208X

Ali Özcan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1338-7852

Vesile Çetin Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6962-8440

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 24

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavuz, A., Azar, İ., Özcan, A., Çetin, V. (2020). Hayvansal Gıdalarda Antibiyotik Kalıntıları. Gıda Ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi(24), 8-15.

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Gıda ve Yem Bilimi-Teknolojisi Dergisi  CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 lisansı altında lisanslanmıştır
 Journal of Food and Feed Science-Technology is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0