Gıdalarda yenilebilir filmler ve kaplamalar

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 28, 18 - 29, 29.07.2022

Yelda Eser Yusuf Doğruer

Öz

Amaç: Yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar gıdanın korunması, raf ömrünün uzatılması, dağıtımı ve pazarlanmasında önemli rol oynayan, gıda yüzeyinde oluşturulan ince tabakalı yenilebilen kaynaklardan oluşan maddelerdir. Gıdayı mekanik, kimyasal, fiziksel ve mikrobiyolojik tehlikelerden korumak amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar fonksiyonel, mekanik ve optik özellikleri, gaz bariyer etkisi, suya ve mikroorganizmalara karşı yapısal direnç oluşturma gibi özellikleri nedeniyle gıda uygulamalarında kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. Bu derlemede yenilebilir film ve kaplamaların genel özellikleri, gıdalara uygulama yöntemleri ve gıda endüstrisinde kullanım alanları ele alınmıştır.
Sonuç: Yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar ince bir tabaka halinde uygulandığında gıda ve çevre arasında bariyer görevi görerek ürün kalitesini etkilemeden raf ömrünü uzatmaktadır. Bu kaplamalar gıdanın besinsel ve duyusal kalitesini iyileştirmektedir. Ayrıca antimikrobiyal bileşikler, antioksidanlar, uçucu yağlar, mineraller ve vitaminler gibi bileşenlerin eklenmesiyle özellikleri geliştirilebilmektedir. Geleneksel gıda ambalajlamada kullanılan plastiklerin kanserojen etkisi ve atık sorunu, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen maddelerin geliştirilmesini teşvik etmiştir. Yenilebilir ambalajlar, plastik ambalajlara kıyasla gıdaların raf ömrünü uzatarak su, oksijen ve ışık için seçici bir bariyer oluşturmaktadır. Yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar uygun şekilde hazırlandığında fonksiyonel bir ambalajın sahip olabileceği özellikleri yerine getirebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bariyer, gıda, yenilebilir film, kaplama

Edible films and coatings for food

Öz

Objective: Edible films and coatings are substances consisting of thin-layered edible resources formed on the surface of the food, which play an important role in the preservation, extension of shelf life, distribution and marketing of food. It is used to protect food from mechanical, chemical, physical and microbiological hazards. Edible films and coatings have usages in food applications due to their functional, mechanical and optical properties, gas barrier effect, and structural resistance against water and microorganisms. In this review, the general properties of edible films and coatings, their application to foods and their use in the food industry are discussed.
Conclusion: Films and coatings, when applied as a thin layer, act as a barrier between food and the environment, extending shelf life without affecting product quality. These coatings improve the nutritional and sensory quality of food. In addition, its properties can be improved by adding components such as antimicrobial compounds, antioxidants, essential oils, minerals and vitamins. The carcinogenic effect and waste problem of plastics used in traditional food packaging have encouraged the development of biodegradable materials. Edible packaging extends the shelf life of foods compared to plastic packaging, creating a selective barrier for water, oxygen and light. When edible films and coatings are prepared properly, they can fulfill all the functions of a functional package.

Anahtar Kelimeler

barrier, food, edible film, coating

Kaynakça

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