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Trauma, Grief Process and Religious Coping After Natural Disaster: A Qualitative Research on the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake

Yıl 2024, , 511 - 552, 15.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.53683/gifad.1431842

Öz

On February 6, 2023 at 04:17, two major earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.5 occurred at a depth of only 5 km in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. According to official figures, around 50,000 people in Turkey lost their lives and more than 120,000 people were injured as a result of the earthquakes. The majore earthquakes directly affected around 15 million people living in 11 provinces in Turkey. The damage caused by the disaster was so great that it was dubbed the "Disaster of the Century" in the local and foreign press. This study aimed to determine how individuals who experienced these earthquakes made sense of the earthquake, which coping strategies they used to overcome earthquake-related stress, their references to religious coping strategies with in these strategies, and what their spiritual needs might be in their post-earthquake lives. Phenomenological design was preferred in this study in which qualitative research method was adopted. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. Purposive selection technique was used to determine the study group. Thirty adults, 20 women and 10 men, who were in the region at the time of the earthquake and who experienced the earthquake, participated in thestudy. The findings obtained were subjected to content analysis using the deductive method. After the interviews with individuals who experienced the earthquake, five main themes were reached. These are trauma, grief and mourning, spiritual needs and religious coping.

Kaynakça

  • Akbar, Z. (2020). Spirituality and posttraumatic growth among disaster survivors in Indonesia. In R. W. Hood, Jr. & S. Cheruvallil-Contractor (Eds.), Research in the social scientific study of religion (pp. 238–247). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004416987_015
  • Akcan, Gizem. “Travma Sonrası Büyüme: Bir Gözden Geçirme”. Bartın Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 3/3 (2018), 61-70.
  • Akça, E. Dilşad – Yıldız, Mualla.“Dindar insan algısı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması”. Bilimname 2020 (43), 409-435.
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV), 1994.
  • Aten, Jamie D. vd. “The psychological study of religion and spirituality in a disaster context: A systematic review”. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 11/6 (2019), 597–613. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000431
  • Ayten, Ali - Cesur, Nur. “Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Travma Sonrası Manevi Gelişim Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 22/1 (2022), 155-186. https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1030537
  • Baltacı, Ali. “Nitel Araştırmalarda Örnekleme Yöntemleri ve Örnek Hacmi Sorunsalı Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi7/1 (2018), 231-274.
  • Başoğlu, Metin vd. “Traumatic stres responses in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of traumatic stress 15/4 (2002) 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016241826589
  • Bayram, Suna vd. “Üç İnsan, Bir Olay, Üç Farklı Travmatik Deneyim Süreci”. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi 1/1 (2018), 165-182.
  • Bonelli, Raphael M. - Koenig, Harold. G. “Mental disorders, religion and spirituality 1990 to 2010: a systematic evidence-based review”. Journal of Religion and Health 52/2 (2013), 657-673. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-013-9691-4
  • Calhoun, Lawrence G. - Tedeschi, Richard G. The foundations of posttraumatic growth: New considerations. Psychological Inquiry 15/1 (2004), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_03
  • Carmassi, Claudia vd. “Do somatic symptoms relate to PTSD and gender after earthquake exposure? A cross-sectionalstudy on young adult survivors in Italy”. CNS spectrums 26/3 (2021), 268-274. doi: 10.1017/S1092852920000097
  • Cénat, Jude M. - Derivois, Daniel. “Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months.” Journal of affective disorders 159/1 (2014), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.025
  • Cénat, Jude M. – Derivois, Daniel. “Long-term outcomes among child and adolescent survivors of the 2010 Haitian earthquake.” Depression and anxiety 32/1 (2015), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22275
  • Chan, Cecilia vd. “Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among bereaved and non-bereaved survivors following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.” Journal of anxiety disorders 26/6 (2012), 673-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.002
  • Creswell, John W. Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches ( 2. Baskı). USA: SAGE Publications, 2007.
  • Creswell, John W. Nitel Araştırmacılar İçin 30 Temel Beceri, çev. Hasan Özcan. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 2017.
  • Çimen, Saniye. “Öldürmeyen Acı Güçlendirir Mi? Travma Sonrası Büyüme Ve Kolektivistik Başa Çıkma Stillerinin İlişkisi”. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi 3/5 (Ocak 2020), 158-174.
  • Eames, Catrin - O'Connor, Donna. “The role of repetitive thinking and spirituality in the development of posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.” PloS one 17/8 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272036
  • Ekanayake, Samanthika vd. “"We lost all we had in a second": coping with grief and loss after a natural disaster.” World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) 12/1 (2013), 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20018
  • Folkman, Susan - Moskowitz, Judith Tedlie. “Positive affect and meaning-focused coping during significant psychological stres”. The scope of social psychology: Theory and applications eds. M. Hewstone vd. 193–208. Psychology Press, 2007.
  • Friedman, Matthew J. “PTSD and related disorders”. Post-traumatic stress disorder. eds. Dan J. Stein vd. 1–34. Wiley Blackwell. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119998471.ch1
  • Gencer, Nevzat. “Dindarlık Öznel İyi Oluşu Etkiler Mi? Hemodiyaliz (HD) Hastaları Üzerinde Kesitsel Bir Çalışma”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 23/3 (2019), 1419-1444. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.601055.
  • Greasley, Kay - Ashworth, Peter. “The phenomenology of 'approach to studying': The university student's studies with in the life world”. British Educational Research Journal 33/6 (2007), 819–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920701656977
  • Guba, Egon G. - Lincoln, Yvonna S. “Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry”. Educational Communication and Technology Journal 30/4 (1982), 233-252.
  • Işıklı, Sedat- Tüzün, Zeynep. “Afetlerin Akut Dönem Psikolojik Etkilerine Yönelik Psikososyal Müdahale Yaklaşımları”. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychology-Special Topics 2/3 (2017), 180-188.
  • Jung, Hyun Ok - Han, Seung Woo. “Post-traumatic growth of people who have experienced earthquakes: Qualitative research systematic literature review”. Frontiers in psychiatry 13 (2023), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1070681
  • Kaba, İlker. “Stres, Ruh Sağlığı ve Stres Yönetimi: Güncel Bir Gözden Geçirme”. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 73 (2019), 63-81.
  • Karancı, Nuray A.- Acartürk, Ceren. “Post-Traumatic Growth among Marmara Earthquake Survivors Involved in Disaster Preparedness as Volunteers”. Traumatology, 11/4 (2005), 307-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/153476560501100409
  • Kartopu, Saffet. “Kaygının Kader Algıları İle İlişkisi – (Kahramanmaraş Örneği)”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2/3 (2013), 238-260.
  • Koenig Harold G. “Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: a review”. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie , 54/5 (2009), 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400502
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Doğal Afet Sonrası Travma, Yas ve Dini Başa Çıkma: Kahramanmaraş Depremi Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, , 511 - 552, 15.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.53683/gifad.1431842

Öz

6 Şubat 2023 saat 04.17’de Türkiye/Kahramanmaraş’ta yerin sadece 5 km derinliğinde büyüklüğü 7,8 ve 7,5 olan iki büyük deprem meydana geldi. Depremler sonucunda Türkiye’de resmî rakamlara göre 50 bin civarında insan hayatını kaybetti ve 120 binden fazla insan yaralandı. Büyük depremler Türkiye’de 11 ilde yaşayan yaklaşık 15 milyon insanı doğrudan etkiledi. Afetin yol açtığı hasar o kadar büyüktü ki yerli ve yabancı basında “Yüzyılın Afeti” olarak isimlendirildi. Bu çalışma söz konusu depremleri yaşayan bireylerin depremi nasıl anlamlandırdıklarını, depreme bağlı gelişen stresin üstesinden gelmek için hangi başa çıkma stratejilerini kullandıklarını, bu stratejiler içerisinde dini başa çıkma stratejilerine yaptıkları atıfları ve deprem sonrası yaşamlarında manevi gereksinimlerinin neler olabileceğini tespit etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin benimsendiği bu çalışmada fenomenolojik desen tercih edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde amaçlı seçme tekniği tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmaya deprem anında bölgede bulunan ve depremi yaşayan 20 kadın 10 erkek olmak üzere 30 yetişkin birey katılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, tüme varım yöntemiyle içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Deprem yaşayan bireylerle gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler sonrasında beş ana temaya ulaşılmıştır. Bunlar; travma, yas ve matem, manevi ihtiyaçlar ve dini başa çıkma unsurlarıdır.

Etik Beyan

BU çalışmada hiç bir canlıya bedenen ve ruhen zarar verilmemiştir. Çalışmanın her aşamasında etik kurallara riayet edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akbar, Z. (2020). Spirituality and posttraumatic growth among disaster survivors in Indonesia. In R. W. Hood, Jr. & S. Cheruvallil-Contractor (Eds.), Research in the social scientific study of religion (pp. 238–247). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004416987_015
  • Akcan, Gizem. “Travma Sonrası Büyüme: Bir Gözden Geçirme”. Bartın Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 3/3 (2018), 61-70.
  • Akça, E. Dilşad – Yıldız, Mualla.“Dindar insan algısı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması”. Bilimname 2020 (43), 409-435.
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV), 1994.
  • Aten, Jamie D. vd. “The psychological study of religion and spirituality in a disaster context: A systematic review”. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 11/6 (2019), 597–613. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000431
  • Ayten, Ali - Cesur, Nur. “Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Travma Sonrası Manevi Gelişim Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 22/1 (2022), 155-186. https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1030537
  • Baltacı, Ali. “Nitel Araştırmalarda Örnekleme Yöntemleri ve Örnek Hacmi Sorunsalı Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi7/1 (2018), 231-274.
  • Başoğlu, Metin vd. “Traumatic stres responses in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of traumatic stress 15/4 (2002) 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016241826589
  • Bayram, Suna vd. “Üç İnsan, Bir Olay, Üç Farklı Travmatik Deneyim Süreci”. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi 1/1 (2018), 165-182.
  • Bonelli, Raphael M. - Koenig, Harold. G. “Mental disorders, religion and spirituality 1990 to 2010: a systematic evidence-based review”. Journal of Religion and Health 52/2 (2013), 657-673. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-013-9691-4
  • Calhoun, Lawrence G. - Tedeschi, Richard G. The foundations of posttraumatic growth: New considerations. Psychological Inquiry 15/1 (2004), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_03
  • Carmassi, Claudia vd. “Do somatic symptoms relate to PTSD and gender after earthquake exposure? A cross-sectionalstudy on young adult survivors in Italy”. CNS spectrums 26/3 (2021), 268-274. doi: 10.1017/S1092852920000097
  • Cénat, Jude M. - Derivois, Daniel. “Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months.” Journal of affective disorders 159/1 (2014), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.025
  • Cénat, Jude M. – Derivois, Daniel. “Long-term outcomes among child and adolescent survivors of the 2010 Haitian earthquake.” Depression and anxiety 32/1 (2015), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22275
  • Chan, Cecilia vd. “Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among bereaved and non-bereaved survivors following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.” Journal of anxiety disorders 26/6 (2012), 673-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.002
  • Creswell, John W. Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches ( 2. Baskı). USA: SAGE Publications, 2007.
  • Creswell, John W. Nitel Araştırmacılar İçin 30 Temel Beceri, çev. Hasan Özcan. Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 2017.
  • Çimen, Saniye. “Öldürmeyen Acı Güçlendirir Mi? Travma Sonrası Büyüme Ve Kolektivistik Başa Çıkma Stillerinin İlişkisi”. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi 3/5 (Ocak 2020), 158-174.
  • Eames, Catrin - O'Connor, Donna. “The role of repetitive thinking and spirituality in the development of posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.” PloS one 17/8 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272036
  • Ekanayake, Samanthika vd. “"We lost all we had in a second": coping with grief and loss after a natural disaster.” World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) 12/1 (2013), 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20018
  • Folkman, Susan - Moskowitz, Judith Tedlie. “Positive affect and meaning-focused coping during significant psychological stres”. The scope of social psychology: Theory and applications eds. M. Hewstone vd. 193–208. Psychology Press, 2007.
  • Friedman, Matthew J. “PTSD and related disorders”. Post-traumatic stress disorder. eds. Dan J. Stein vd. 1–34. Wiley Blackwell. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119998471.ch1
  • Gencer, Nevzat. “Dindarlık Öznel İyi Oluşu Etkiler Mi? Hemodiyaliz (HD) Hastaları Üzerinde Kesitsel Bir Çalışma”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 23/3 (2019), 1419-1444. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.601055.
  • Greasley, Kay - Ashworth, Peter. “The phenomenology of 'approach to studying': The university student's studies with in the life world”. British Educational Research Journal 33/6 (2007), 819–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920701656977
  • Guba, Egon G. - Lincoln, Yvonna S. “Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry”. Educational Communication and Technology Journal 30/4 (1982), 233-252.
  • Işıklı, Sedat- Tüzün, Zeynep. “Afetlerin Akut Dönem Psikolojik Etkilerine Yönelik Psikososyal Müdahale Yaklaşımları”. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychology-Special Topics 2/3 (2017), 180-188.
  • Jung, Hyun Ok - Han, Seung Woo. “Post-traumatic growth of people who have experienced earthquakes: Qualitative research systematic literature review”. Frontiers in psychiatry 13 (2023), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1070681
  • Kaba, İlker. “Stres, Ruh Sağlığı ve Stres Yönetimi: Güncel Bir Gözden Geçirme”. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 73 (2019), 63-81.
  • Karancı, Nuray A.- Acartürk, Ceren. “Post-Traumatic Growth among Marmara Earthquake Survivors Involved in Disaster Preparedness as Volunteers”. Traumatology, 11/4 (2005), 307-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/153476560501100409
  • Kartopu, Saffet. “Kaygının Kader Algıları İle İlişkisi – (Kahramanmaraş Örneği)”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2/3 (2013), 238-260.
  • Koenig Harold G. “Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: a review”. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie , 54/5 (2009), 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400502
  • Koenig, Harold G. “Religion, spirituality, and health: a review and update.” Advances in mind-body medicine 29/3 (2015), 19-26.
  • Korucu, Tuğçe Şirin - Özer Kaya, Derya. "Yeniden Yaşama Sarılmak: Deprem Sonucu Gelişen Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Yönetiminde Temel Beden Farkındalık Terapisi". İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8/2 (2023), 755-761.
  • Köroğlu, Ahmet. "Doğal Afetler Sonrası Yaşanan Travmalar ve Örnek Bir Psikoeğitim Programı”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi 1/1 (2018), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.412005
  • Kula, Naci. “Deprem ve Dini Başa Çıkma”, Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 1/1 (2002), 234-255.
  • Lancaster, BrianLes – Palframan, Jason Timothy. “Coping with major life events: The role of spirituality and self-transformation”. Mental Health, Religion and Culture 12/3 (2009), 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670802500684
  • Lazarus, Richard S.- Folkman, Susan. Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1984.
  • Najavits, Lisa M. – Hien, Denis. “Helping Vulnerable Populations: A Comprehensive Review of the Treatment Outcome Literature on Substance Use Disorder and PTSD”. Journal of Clinical Psychology 69/5 (2013), 433-479. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21980
  • Norris, Fran H. vd. “60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature”. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 65/3 (2002), 207-239. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.65.3.207.20173
  • Özdoğan, Öznur. “İnsanı Anlamaya Yönelik Bir Yaklaşım: Pastoral Psikoloji”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 47/2 (2006), 127-41. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000000054.
  • Öztürk, Erdinç. Travma ve Dissosiyasyon: Dissosiyatif Kimlik Bozukluğunun Psikoterapisi ve Aile Dinamikleri. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri,1. Baskı, 2017.
  • Pål Kristensen vd. “Predictors of Complicated Grief After a Natural Disaster: A Population Study Two Years After the 2004 South-East Asian Tsunami”. Death Studies 34/2 (2010), 137-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180903492455
  • Pargament, Kenneth I. The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: The Guilford Press, 1997.
  • Pargament, Kenneth I. vd. “The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE”. Journal of Clinical Psychology 56/4 (2000), 519-543. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::aid-jclp6>3.0.co;2-1
  • Pargament, Kenneth I. “God Help Me: Advances in the Psychology of Religion and Coping”. Archive for the Psychology of Religion24 (2002), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1163/157361203X00219
  • Pargament, Kenneth I. vd. “Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors”. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37/4 (1998), 710-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388152
  • Pargament, Kenneth I. vd. “Religion and the problem-solving process: Three styles of coping”. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 27/1 (1988), 90-104. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387404
  • Pargament, Kenneth I. vd. “Spirituality: A Pathway to Posttraumatic Growth or Decline?”. Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research&practice. eds. Lawrence G. Calhoun - Richard G. Tedeschi. 121-137. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2006.
  • Park, Crystal L. “Religion as a meaning-making framework in coping with life stress”. Journal of Social Issue 61/4 (2005), 707-729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00428.x
  • Park, Crystal L. - Fenster, Juliane R. “Stress-related growth: Predictors of occurrence and correlates with psychological adjustment”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23/2 (2004), 195-215. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.23.2.195.31019
  • Rosmarin, David H. “Spirituality and mental health: challenges and opportunities.” The lancet. Psychiatry 8/2 (2021): 92-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30048-1
  • Sakarya, Direnç - Güneş, Cengiz. “Van Depremi sonrasında travma sonrası stres bozukluğu belirtilerinin psikolojik dayanıklılık ile ilişkisi”. Kriz Dergisi 21/1 (2013), 25-32. DOI: 10.1501/Kriz_0000000335
  • Seo, Heeju - Lee, Ogcheol. “Mediating role of post-traumatic stres disorder in post-traumatic growth in adults who experienced the 2017 Pohang earthquake”. Journal of affective disorders,263 (2020), 246–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.162
  • Sezgin, Ufuk vd. “Ne zaman travmatik yas tanısı konur? Ne zaman tedavi başlar”? Klinik Psikiyatri 7/3 (2004), 167-75.
  • Shear, M. Katherine vd. “Traumatic grief treatment: A pilot study”. American Journal of Psychiatry 158/9 (2001) 1506-1508. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.9.1506
  • Sönmez, Doğancan - Hocaoglu, Cicek . "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review". Duzce Medical Journal 25/2 (2023), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1277673
  • Stratta, Paolo - Alessandro Rossi. “Suicide in the aftermath of the L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake.” Crisis 34/2 (2013), 142-144. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000166
  • Tausch, Christina vd. “Religion and coping with trauma: Qualitative examples from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita”. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging 23/3 (2011), 236–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2011.563203
  • Tedeschi, Richard G. - Calhoun, Lawrence G. “The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma”. Journal of Traumatic Stress 9/3 (1996), 455-471.
  • Tedeschi, Richard G. vd. “Posttraumaticgrowth: Conceptualissues”. Posttraumaticgrowth: positivechanges in theaftermath of crisis.eds. Richard G. Tedeschi vd. 1-22. London: Routledge, 1998.
  • Uğuryol Ünal Merve - Engin Esra. “Afetlerde Yakınlarını Kaybedenler: Travmatik Yas”. Afetlerde Ruhsal Sorunlar ve Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Yaklaşımları. ed. Gülseren Keskin. 28-33. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri, 2023.
  • Van der Kolk, Bessel A. vd. “Disorders of extremestress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma”. Journal of Traumatic Stress 18/5 (2005), 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20047
  • Vis, Jo-Ann - Boynton, Heather Marie. “Spirituality and transcendent meaning making: Possibilities for enhancing posttraumatic growth”. Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work 27/12 (2008), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426430802113814
  • Wortman, Camille B. “Posttraumatic Growth: Progress and Problems”. Psychological Inquiry 15/1 (2004), 81-90.
  • Yakut, Selahattin. "Pandemi Sürecinin İlahiyat Öğrencileri Üzerindeki Psikososyal Etkilerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi." Uluslararası Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi 7/59 (2020), 2707-2717.
  • Yalçın, Hacer. “Bir Araştırma Deseni Olarak Fenomenoloji”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi AÜSBD Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Özel sayısı (2022), 213-232.
  • Yapıcı Asım – Doğanay Süleyman. “Dini Başa Çıkma Ve Sabır Bağlamında İnsan Tipleri: Nitel Bir Araştırma”. Bilimname/Din Psikolojisi (2019), 105-135. DOI: 10.28949/bilimname.634717
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Nurdan Yağlı Soykan 0000-0002-1482-8250

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Yağlı Soykan, Nurdan. “Doğal Afet Sonrası Travma, Yas Ve Dini Başa Çıkma: Kahramanmaraş Depremi Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13/26 (Temmuz 2024), 511-552. https://doi.org/10.53683/gifad.1431842.