Analysis of financial capacity of individuals according to demographic and financial profiles

Öz

Financial capacity is a concept that contributes to the effective functioning of financial markets and financial stability. Financial capacity is a concept that shows the financial competence of individuals and includes financial literacy. In this study, first of all, the financial capacities of individuals were determined, then it was determined whether there was a difference in the financial capacities of individuals with different demographic and financial profiles. The questionnaire form prepared for this purpose was sent to the individuals by random sampling method and analyses were made in line with the answers given. As demographic variables, the gender, marital status, education level, age, occupation and income level of the investors were included in the study. In order to determine the financial profiles of individuals, monthly savings levels of individuals, adequacy of income, risk profile and financial status of individuals were taken into account. Four variables, namely money management, financial planning, financial product selection and financial information, were used to measure financial capacity. SPSS program was used to analyze the obtained data. A total of 445 participants participated in the study. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the financial capacity levels of individuals are high according to the answers they give to the variables used to determine their financial capacity, such as money management, financial planning, financial product selection and access to financial information. At the same time, significant differences were found in the financial capacity levels of individuals according to the variables of gender, age, income, savings and wealth structure. Policy makers can develop strategies to further increase the financial capacities of individuals and carry out studies to eliminate these differences between individuals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financial capacity
• Financial planning
• Financial management
• Capital market

Bireylerin demografik ve finansal profillerine göre finansal kapasitelerinin analizine yönelik bir alan araştırması

Öz

Finansal kapasite, finansal piyasaların etkin işleyişine ve finansal istikrara katkıda bulunan bir kavramdır. Finansal kapasite, bireylerin finansal yeterliliklerini gösteren ve finansal okuryazarlığı içine alan bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle bireylerin finansal kapasiteleri belirlenmiş daha sonra farklı demografik ve finansal profile sahip bireylerin finansal kapasitelerinde farklılık olup olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu amaçla hazırlanan anket formu tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi ile bireylere ulaştırılmış ve verilen cevaplar doğrultusunda analizler yapılmıştır. Demografik değişken olarak yatırımcıların cinsiyeti, medeni durumu, eğitim durumu, yaşı, mesleği ve gelir düzeyi çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Bireylerin finansal profillerini belirlemeye yönelik olarak ise bireylerin aylık tasarruf düzeyleri, elde edilen gelirin yeterlilik durumu, risk profili ve bireylerin finansal durumu dikkate alınmıştır. Finansal kapasitenin ölçülmesinde para yönetimi, finansal planlama, finansal ürün seçimi ve finansal bilgi olmak üzere dört değişken kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analiz edilmesinde SPSS programından faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmaya toplam 445 kişi katılım göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucunda bireylerin para yönetimi, finansal planlama, finansal ürün seçimi ve finansal bilgiye ulaşım olmak üzere finansal kapasitelerini belirlemeye yönelik kullanılan değişkenlere verdikleri cevaplara göre finansal kapasite düzeylerinin yüksek çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada aynı zamanda cinsiyet, yaş, gelir, tasarruf ve varlık yapısı değişkenlerine göre bireylerin finansal kapasite düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Politika yapıcıları bireylerin finansal kapasitelerini daha da yukarı çıkarmaya yönelik stratejiler geliştirebilir, bireyler arasındaki bu farklılıkları ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik çalışmalar yürütebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal kapasite
• Finansal Planlama
• Finansal yönetim
• Sermaye piyasası

Kaynakça

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