İleri yaştaki bireylerin işe alınmasına yönelik işletme sahiplerinin tutumları

Öz

Birçok ülkede olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de emeklilik yaşının yükseltilmesi, emeklilik gelirlerindeki azalma ve artan yaşam süresi ileri yaştaki bireylerin iş gücü piyasasında daha uzun süre yer almalarını zorunlu hâle getirmektedir. Ancak işletme sahiplerinin yaş temelli önyargılarına dayalı işe alım kararları, ileri yaştaki bireylerin işgücünde yer almalarını zorlaştırmaktadır. Planlı davranış kuramından yararlanan bu çalışma, mikro ve küçük ölçekli işletme sahiplerinin, 55 yaş ve üzerindeki bireylerin — emeklilik yaşına yaklaşan ya da emeklilik hakkını kazanmış olanların — işe alımlarına ilişkin algı ve tutumlarını şekillendiren dinamikleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, işletme sahipleriyle gerçekleştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler, tematik analiz yaklaşımı temel alınarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular, işletme sahiplerinin ileri yaştaki bireylerin iş gücünde yer almalarına ilişkin tutumlarının çeşitliliğini göstermektedir. Daha spesifik olarak, işletme sahiplerinin ileri yaştaki bireylere yönelik değerlendirmeleri onların algılanan yeteneklerinde temellenmektedir ve bu değerlendirmeler, bu bireylerin işe alımlarına ilişkin olumlu ve olumsuz tutumların kesiştiği bir kapsam içinde şekillenmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular işletmelerde, ileri yaştaki bireylerin önyargısız biçimde işgücü piyasasında yer almalarının önünde duran algı ve tutumları ortaya koyarak, bu bireylerin çalışma yaşamında daha kapsayıcı bir şekilde yer almalarına yönelik sosyal ve örgütsel farkındalığın gelişmesine katkı sunmaktadır. İşgücü piyasasında yaş ayrımcılığına ilişkin çalışmaların önemli bir bölümü büyük ve kurumsal işletmeler bağlamında incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma ise konuyu mikro ve küçük ölçekli işletme sahiplerinin perspektifinden ele alarak mevcut literatüre özgün bir katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşlanma
• yaşlı bireyler
• yaş ayrımcılığı
• mikro ve küçük işletme sahiplerinin bakış açısı
• nitel araştırma

Enterprise owners’ attitudes toward the hiring of older individuals

Öz

As in many countries, raising the retirement age in Türkiye, declining retirement incomes, and increasing life expectancy are making it necessary for older individuals to remain in the labor market for longer periods. However, enterprise owners' age-based prejudices in hiring decisions make it difficult for older individuals to participate in the workforce. This study, which draws on the theory of planned behavior, aims to reveal the dynamics that shape the perceptions and attitudes of micro and small enterprise owners regarding the hiring of individuals aged 55 and over—those approaching retirement age or who have reached retirement eligibility. In this study, semi-structured interviews conducted with enterprise owners were examined based on a thematic analysis approach. The findings reveal the diversity of enterprise owners’ attitudes toward the inclusion of older individuals in the workforce. More specifically, enterprise owners’ assessments of older individuals are based on their perceived abilities, and these assessments are shaped within a context where positive and negative attitudes toward their hiring intersect. The findings demonstrate the perceptions and attitudes that prevent older individuals from participating in the labor market without prejudice, thereby contributing to the development of social and organizational awareness aimed at enabling these individuals to participate more inclusively in working life. A significant portion of studies on age discrimination in the labor market have been examined in the context of large corporations. This study, however, approaches the subject from the perspective of micro and small enterprise owners, offering a unique contribution to the existing literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ageing
• older individuals
• age discrimination
• micro and small enterprise owner's perspectives
• qualitative research

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