Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye’de Boş Zaman Kullanımının Belirleyicileri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 60 - 72, 20.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2019.5.1.005

Öz

Zamanın etkin kullanımı bir ülkenin iş gücünü oluşturan bireylerin üretkenliği için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki bireylerin kültürel etkinlikler, spor etkinlikleri ve sosyalleşme gibi boş zaman etkinliklerine harcadıkları zamanın belirleyicilerini incelemektedir. Boş zaman etkinliklerine ayrılan zaman ile cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim seviyesi, gelir düzeyi, medeni durum, istihdam durumu, sağlık durumu ve çocuk bakımına ayrılan zaman gibi sosyo-demografik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla, bu çalışma 2014-2015 dönemindeki TÜİK Zaman Kullanım Anketi’ni kullanmaktadır ve ampirik analiz için görünürde ilişkisiz regresyon modeli tahmin etmektedir. Bulgular, Türkiye’deki bireylerin sosyalleşmeye daha fazla zaman harcadıklarını göstermektedir. Yaş, eğitim seviyesi, medeni durum, sağlık durumu, istihdam durumu, çocuk bakımı ve hanehalkı gelir düzeyi, Türkiye'de farklı boş zaman etkinliklerine harcanan zamanla anlamlı ilişkiler göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Artime, C. M. (2014). Time allocation to leisure activities in Spain: Empirical evidence on individual involvement in sport and cultural activities (PhD Thesis). University of Oviedo, Spain.
  • Aarnio, M., Winter, T., Kujala, U., & Kaprio, J. (2002). Associations of health related behaviour, social relationships, and health status with persistent physical activity and inactivity: A study of Finnish adolescent twins. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(5), 360-364.
  • Alexandris, K., & Carroll, B. (1997). Demographic differences in the perception of constraints on recreational sport participation: Results from a study in Greece. Leisure Studies, 16(2), 107-125.
  • Bittman, M. (2002). Social participation and family welfare: The money and time costs of leisure in Australia. Social Policy & Administration, 36(4), 408-425.Bittman, M., & Wajcman, J. (2000). The rush hour: The character of leisure time and gender equity. Social Forces, 79(1), 165-189.
  • Breuer, C., & Wicker, P. (2009). Decreasing sports activity with increasing age? Findings from a 20-year longitudinal and cohort sequence analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(1), 22-31.
  • Cheng, T. C., & Wen, W. J. (2011). Determinants of performing arts attendance in Taiwan: a multivariate probit analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 18(15), 1437-1442.
  • Christin, A. (2012). Gender and highbrow cultural participation in the United States. Poetics, 40(5), 423-443.
  • DiMaggio, P. (1982). Cultural capital and school success: The impact of status culture participation on the grades of US high school students. American Sociological Review, 189-201.
  • Downward, P. (2007). Exploring the economic choice to participate in sport: results from the 2002 General Household Survey. International Review of Applied Economics, 21(5), 633-653.
  • Downward, P., & Riordan, J. (2007). Social interactions and the demand for sport: An economic analysis. Contemporary Economic Policy, 25(4), 518-537.
  • Eime, R. M., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., Casey, M. M., Westerbeek, H., & Payne, W. R. (2016). Age profiles of sport participants. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 8(1), 6.
  • Enke, S. (1968). On the Economics of Leisure. Journal of Economic Issues, 2(4), 437-440.
  • Farrell, L., & Shields, M. A. (2002). Investigating the economic and demographic determinants of sporting participation in England. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 165(2), 335-348.
  • Fridberg, T. (2010). Sport and exercise in Denmark, Scandinavia and Europe. Sport in Society, 13(4), 583-592.
  • García, J., Lera-López, F., & Suárez, M. J. (2011). Estimation of a structural model of the determinants of the time spent on physical activity and sport: Evidence for Spain. Journal of Sports Economics, 12(5), 515-537.
  • Green, E., Woodward, D., & Hebron, S. (1990). Women's Leisure, What Leisure?: A Feminist Analysis. Macmillan International Higher Education. London, UK.
  • Gürbüz, B., & Henderson, K. A. (2014). Leisure activity preferences and constraints: Perspectives from Turkey. World Leisure Journal, 56(4), 300-316.
  • Humphreys, B. R., & Ruseski, J. E. (2006). Economic determinants of participation in physical activity and sport. Working Paper Series of the International Association of Sports Economics (IASE), 06-13, 1-25.
  • Humphreys, B. R., & Ruseski, J. E. (2007). Participation in physical activity and government spending on parks and recreation. Contemporary Economic Policy, 25(4), 538-552.
  • Humphreys, B. R., & Ruseski, J. E. (2011). An economic analysis of participation and time spent in physical activity. The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 11(1).
  • Johansson, S. E., Konlaan, B. B., & Bygren, L. O. (2001). Sustaining habits of attending cultural events and maintenance of health: a longitudinal study. Health Promotion International, 16(3), 229-234.
  • Juster, F. T., & Stafford, F. P. (1991). The allocation of time: Empirical findings, behavioral models, and problems of measurement. Journal of Economic Literature, 29(2), 471-522.
  • Karaküçük, S. (2014). Rekreasyon: boş zamanları değerlendirme. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Katz-Gerro, T. (1999). Cultural consumption and social stratification: leisure activities, musical tastes, and social location. Sociological Perspectives, 42(4), 627-646.
  • Katz-Gerro, T., & Sullivan, O. (2004). Leisure, Tastes and Gender in Britain: Changes from the 1960s to the 1990s. Sociologie Et Societes, 36(1), 165-186.
  • Keynes, J. M. (2010). Economic possibilities for our grandchildren. In Essays in persuasion (pp. 321-332). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Kurar, I., & Baltacı, F. (2014). Halkın boş zaman değerlendirme alışkanlıkları: Alanya Örneği. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 2(Special Issue 2), 39-52.
  • Lera-López, F., & Rapún-Gárate, M. (2011). Determinants of sports participation and attendance: differences and similarities. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 12(2), 66-89.
  • Lizardo, O. (2006). How cultural tastes shape personal networks. American Sociological Review, 71(5), 778-807.
  • Sayer, L. C. (2005). Gender, time and inequality: Trends in women's and men's paid work, unpaid work and free time. Social Forces, 84(1), 285-303.
  • Seaman, B. A. (2005). Attendance and public participation in the performing arts: A review of the empirical literature. Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Research Paper Series, No. 06-25.
  • Shelton, B. A. (1992). Women, men, and time: Gender differences in paid work, housework, and leisure (No. 127). New York: Greenwood Press.
  • Taks, M., & Scheerder, J. (2006). Youth sports participation styles and market segmentation profiles: evidence and applications. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6(2), 85-121.
  • TurkStat. (2016). Time Use Survey of Turkey for 2014-2015. Turkish Statistical Institute. Available at: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/MicroVeri/ZKA_2014/english/index.html
  • Van Tuyckom, C., Scheerder, J., & Bracke, P. (2010). Gender and age inequalities in regular sports participation: A cross-national study of 25 European countries. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(10), 1077-1084.

Determinants of Leisure Time Use in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 60 - 72, 20.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2019.5.1.005

Öz

Effective use of time is essential for productivity of individuals in labor force of a country. This study examines determinants of individuals’ time spent on leisure activities such as cultural activities, sports activities and socializing in Turkey. Associations between amount of time devoted to leisure time activities and socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, education level, household income level, marital status, employment status, health status and child care time are explored. For this purpose, this study employs TurkStat Time Use Survey of 2014-2015 and estimates seemingly unrelated regression model for empirical analysis. Findings indicate that individuals spend more time in socializing in Turkey. Age, education level, marital status, health status, employment status, child care time and household income level display significant associations with time spent on different leisure activities in Turkey.



Kaynakça

  • Artime, C. M. (2014). Time allocation to leisure activities in Spain: Empirical evidence on individual involvement in sport and cultural activities (PhD Thesis). University of Oviedo, Spain.
  • Aarnio, M., Winter, T., Kujala, U., & Kaprio, J. (2002). Associations of health related behaviour, social relationships, and health status with persistent physical activity and inactivity: A study of Finnish adolescent twins. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(5), 360-364.
  • Alexandris, K., & Carroll, B. (1997). Demographic differences in the perception of constraints on recreational sport participation: Results from a study in Greece. Leisure Studies, 16(2), 107-125.
  • Bittman, M. (2002). Social participation and family welfare: The money and time costs of leisure in Australia. Social Policy & Administration, 36(4), 408-425.Bittman, M., & Wajcman, J. (2000). The rush hour: The character of leisure time and gender equity. Social Forces, 79(1), 165-189.
  • Breuer, C., & Wicker, P. (2009). Decreasing sports activity with increasing age? Findings from a 20-year longitudinal and cohort sequence analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(1), 22-31.
  • Cheng, T. C., & Wen, W. J. (2011). Determinants of performing arts attendance in Taiwan: a multivariate probit analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 18(15), 1437-1442.
  • Christin, A. (2012). Gender and highbrow cultural participation in the United States. Poetics, 40(5), 423-443.
  • DiMaggio, P. (1982). Cultural capital and school success: The impact of status culture participation on the grades of US high school students. American Sociological Review, 189-201.
  • Downward, P. (2007). Exploring the economic choice to participate in sport: results from the 2002 General Household Survey. International Review of Applied Economics, 21(5), 633-653.
  • Downward, P., & Riordan, J. (2007). Social interactions and the demand for sport: An economic analysis. Contemporary Economic Policy, 25(4), 518-537.
  • Eime, R. M., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., Casey, M. M., Westerbeek, H., & Payne, W. R. (2016). Age profiles of sport participants. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 8(1), 6.
  • Enke, S. (1968). On the Economics of Leisure. Journal of Economic Issues, 2(4), 437-440.
  • Farrell, L., & Shields, M. A. (2002). Investigating the economic and demographic determinants of sporting participation in England. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 165(2), 335-348.
  • Fridberg, T. (2010). Sport and exercise in Denmark, Scandinavia and Europe. Sport in Society, 13(4), 583-592.
  • García, J., Lera-López, F., & Suárez, M. J. (2011). Estimation of a structural model of the determinants of the time spent on physical activity and sport: Evidence for Spain. Journal of Sports Economics, 12(5), 515-537.
  • Green, E., Woodward, D., & Hebron, S. (1990). Women's Leisure, What Leisure?: A Feminist Analysis. Macmillan International Higher Education. London, UK.
  • Gürbüz, B., & Henderson, K. A. (2014). Leisure activity preferences and constraints: Perspectives from Turkey. World Leisure Journal, 56(4), 300-316.
  • Humphreys, B. R., & Ruseski, J. E. (2006). Economic determinants of participation in physical activity and sport. Working Paper Series of the International Association of Sports Economics (IASE), 06-13, 1-25.
  • Humphreys, B. R., & Ruseski, J. E. (2007). Participation in physical activity and government spending on parks and recreation. Contemporary Economic Policy, 25(4), 538-552.
  • Humphreys, B. R., & Ruseski, J. E. (2011). An economic analysis of participation and time spent in physical activity. The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 11(1).
  • Johansson, S. E., Konlaan, B. B., & Bygren, L. O. (2001). Sustaining habits of attending cultural events and maintenance of health: a longitudinal study. Health Promotion International, 16(3), 229-234.
  • Juster, F. T., & Stafford, F. P. (1991). The allocation of time: Empirical findings, behavioral models, and problems of measurement. Journal of Economic Literature, 29(2), 471-522.
  • Karaküçük, S. (2014). Rekreasyon: boş zamanları değerlendirme. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Katz-Gerro, T. (1999). Cultural consumption and social stratification: leisure activities, musical tastes, and social location. Sociological Perspectives, 42(4), 627-646.
  • Katz-Gerro, T., & Sullivan, O. (2004). Leisure, Tastes and Gender in Britain: Changes from the 1960s to the 1990s. Sociologie Et Societes, 36(1), 165-186.
  • Keynes, J. M. (2010). Economic possibilities for our grandchildren. In Essays in persuasion (pp. 321-332). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Kurar, I., & Baltacı, F. (2014). Halkın boş zaman değerlendirme alışkanlıkları: Alanya Örneği. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 2(Special Issue 2), 39-52.
  • Lera-López, F., & Rapún-Gárate, M. (2011). Determinants of sports participation and attendance: differences and similarities. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 12(2), 66-89.
  • Lizardo, O. (2006). How cultural tastes shape personal networks. American Sociological Review, 71(5), 778-807.
  • Sayer, L. C. (2005). Gender, time and inequality: Trends in women's and men's paid work, unpaid work and free time. Social Forces, 84(1), 285-303.
  • Seaman, B. A. (2005). Attendance and public participation in the performing arts: A review of the empirical literature. Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Research Paper Series, No. 06-25.
  • Shelton, B. A. (1992). Women, men, and time: Gender differences in paid work, housework, and leisure (No. 127). New York: Greenwood Press.
  • Taks, M., & Scheerder, J. (2006). Youth sports participation styles and market segmentation profiles: evidence and applications. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6(2), 85-121.
  • TurkStat. (2016). Time Use Survey of Turkey for 2014-2015. Turkish Statistical Institute. Available at: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/MicroVeri/ZKA_2014/english/index.html
  • Van Tuyckom, C., Scheerder, J., & Bracke, P. (2010). Gender and age inequalities in regular sports participation: A cross-national study of 25 European countries. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(10), 1077-1084.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Almina Kızılırmak Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1516-5820

Tekin Köse 0000-0002-0476-8872

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Şubat 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kızılırmak, A., & Köse, T. (2019). Determinants of Leisure Time Use in Turkey. Gazi İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 5(1), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2019.5.1.005
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