BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Çay, Obezite ve Kadın

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 137 - 146, 06.04.2016

Feride Taşkın Yılmaz Gülbahtiyar Demirel Azime Karakoç Kumsar

https://doi.org/10.16899/ctd.90351

Öz

Sağlığı bozacak şekilde vücutta anormal ya da aşırı yağ birikimi olarak tanımlanan obezite dünya genelinde hızla artan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olup, kadınlarda erkeklere oranla daha sık görülmektedir. Son yıllarda, obezitenin hızla büyüyen tedavi alanlarından biri, doğal bitki ürünlerinin kullanımıdır ve çay da bunlardan birisidir. Yapılan epidemiyolojik ve klinik çalışmalarda,  çayın içeriğinde yer alan kimyasal maddelerin sağlık açısından olumlu etkileri ile obezitenin önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde yarar sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Obez kadınlar ile yapılan üç aydan daha uzun süreli çalışmaların çoğunda da, özellikle yeşil çayın kilo vermeye katkı sağladığı belirtilmiştir. Ancak yapılan kontrollü müdahale çalışmalarının yetersizliği ve çalışma tasarımlarının karışık olması, obez kadınlarda çay tüketiminin etkinliğine yönelik daha fazla çalışma gereksinimini ortaya koymaktadır.  Bu nedenle bu derlemede, kadınlarda obezite ile baş etme ve obeziteyi önlemede çay tüketiminin etkinliği literatür doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır. Kanıta dayalı verilerin sunulduğu bu derlemenin, obeziteyi önlemede sağlık profesyonellerine yön gösterici olacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çay; sağlık; obezite; kadın.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR
  • World Health organization obesity and overweight Fact sheet No:311, Geneva, WHO, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs311/en/ Erişim Tarihi, 24.08.2014.
  • Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Green tea catechins, caffeine and body-weight regulation. Physiology & Behavior 2010;100:42–6.
  • Grove KA, Lambert JD. Laboratory, epidemiological, and human intervention studies show that tea (camellia sinensis) may be useful in the prevention of obesity. The Journal of Nutrition 2010;140:446-53.
  • Türkiye Obezite (Şişmanlık) ile Mücadele ve Kontrol Programı (2010–2014). Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Kuban Matbaacılık: Ankara; 2010.
  • Bulucu Altunkaynak, ZB, Özbek E. Obezite: nedenleri ve tedavi seçenekleri. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2007;34(2):144-9.
  • In-Iw S, Biro FM. Adolescent women and obesity. Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2011;24:58-61.
  • Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol 2013;28(2):169-80.
  • Arslan C, Ceviz D. Ev hanımı ve çalışan kadınların obezite prevalansı ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. Fırat Ünv. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2007;21(5):211-20.
  • Westerterp-Plantenga MS. LejeuneM, Kovacs E. Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation. Obesity Research 2005;13(7):1195-204.
  • Auvichayapat P, Prapochanung M, Tunkamnerdthai O et al. Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: a randomised, controlled trial. Physiol Behav 2008;93:486–91.
  • Toprak D, Karaca E. (2011). Yeşil çay. http://www.ulusalcaykonseyi.org.tr/dosyalar/Ye%C5%9Fil%20%C3%87ay.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 14.08.2014.
  • Kao YH, Chang HH, Lee MJ, Chen CL. Tea, obesity, and diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006;50:188-210.
  • Polychronopoulos E, Zeimbekis A, Kastorini C et al. Effects of black and green tea consumption on blood glucose levels in non-obese elderly men and women from Mediterranean Islands (MEDIS epidemiological study). Eur J Nutr 2008;47:10–6.
  • Clement Y. Can green tea do that? A literature review of the clinical evidence. Preventive Medicine 2009;49:83–7.
  • Stote KS, Clevidence BA, Novotny JA, Henderson T, Radecki SV, Baer DJ. Effect of cocoa and green tea on biomarkers of glucose regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and hemostasis in obese adults at risk for insulin resistance. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012;66:1153–9.
  • Nagao T, Komine Y, Soga S et al. Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:122-9.
  • Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes 2009;33:956–61.
  • Phung OJ, Baker WL, Matthews LJ, Lanosa M, Thorne A, Coleman CI. Effect of green tea catechins with or without caffeine on anthropometric measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:73–81.
  • Rains TM, Agarwal S, Maki KC. Antiobesity effects of green tea catechins: A mechanistic review. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2011;22:1–7.
  • Fisunoğlu M, Besler HT. Çay ve Sağlık İlişkisi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Beslenme ve Fiziksel Aktiviteler Daire Başkanlığı, Klasmat Matbaacılık: Ankara; 2008.
  • Lin JK, Shiau SL. Mechanisms of hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects of tea and tea polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006;50:211-7.
  • Uchiyama S, Taniguchi Y, Saka A, Yoshida A, Yajima H. Prevention of diet-induced obesity by dietary black tea polyphenols extract in vitro and in vivo. Nutrition 2011;27:287–92.
  • Ulusoy A, Şeker M. Türkiye’de Değişen Çay Tüketim Alışkanlıkları Projesi, Trabzon Ticaret Borsası, Trabzon; 2013.
  • Tosun İ, Karadeniz B. Çay ve çay fenoliklerinin antioksidan aktivitesi. OMÜ Zir. Fak. Dergisi 2005;20(1):78-83.
  • Hudson T. Green Tea and Women’s Health. Alternative & Complementary Therapies. 2007;13(5):269-72.
  • Westerterp-Plantenga M, Diepvens K, Joosen AM, Be´rube´- Parent S, Tremblay A. Metabolic effects of spices, teas, and caffeine. Physiol Behav 2006;89:85–91.
  • Sarıca Ş, Karataş Ü, Diktaş M. Çay (Camellia sinensis); içeriği, metabolizma ve sağlık üzerine etkileri, antioksidan aktivitesi ve etlik piliç karma yemlerinde kullanımı. GOÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2008;25(2):79-85.
  • Ivey KL, Lewis JR, Prince RL, Hodgson JM. Tea and non-tea flavonol intakes in relation to atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality in older women. British Journal of Nutrition 2013;110:1648–55.
  • Liu K, Zhou R, Wang B et al. Effect of green tea on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: A meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98:340–8.
  • Hooper L, Kroon PA, Rimm EB et al. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88(1):38–50.
  • Yang HY, Yang SC, Chao JC, Chen JR. Beneficial effects of catechin-rich green tea and inulin on the body composition of overweight adults. British Journal of Nutrition 2012;107:749–54.
  • Zhong L, Furne JK, Levitt MD. An extract of black, green, and mulberry teas causes malabsorption of carbohydrate but not of triacylglycerol in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:551–5.
  • Zhang R, Xiao W, Wang X, Wu X, Tian W. Novel inhibitors of fatty-acid synthase from green tea (Camellia sinensis Xihu Longjing) with high activity and a new reacting site. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2006;43:1–7.
  • Shixian Q, VanCrey B, Shi J, Kakuda Y, Jiang Y. Obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea. J Med Food 2006;9:451-8.
  • Diepvens K, Westerterp KR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007;292:77–85.
  • Wolfram S, Wang Y, Thielecke F. Anti-obesity effects of green tea: From bedside to bench. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006;50:176-87.
  • Stendell-Hollis NR, Thomson CA, Thompson PA, Bea JV, Cussler EC, Hakim IA. Green tea improves metabolic biomarkers, not weight or body composition: a pilot study in overweight breast cancer survivors. J Hum Nutr Diet 2010;23:590–600.
  • Chantre P, Lairon D. Recent findings of green tea extract AR25 (Exolise) and its activity for the treatment of obesity. Phytomedicine 2002;9(1):3–8.
  • Wu CH, Lu FH, Chang CS, Chang TC, Wang RH, Chang CJ. Relationship among habitual tea consumption, percent body fat, and body fat distribution. Obes Res 2003;11:1088–95.
  • Hughes LA, Arts IC, Ambergen T et al. Higher dietary flavone, flavonol, and catechin intakes are associated with less of an increase in BMI over time in women: A longitudinal analysis from the Netherlands Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1341–52.
  • Tsuchida T, Itakura H, Nakamura H. Reduction of body fat in humans by long-term ingestion of catechins. Prog Med 2002;22:2189–203.
  • Suliburska J, Bogdanski P, Szulinska M, Stepien M, upek-Musialik D, Jablecka A. Effects of green tea supplementation on elements, total antioxidants, lipids, and glucose values in the serum of obese patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012;149:315–22.
  • Nagao T, Hase T, Tokimitsu I. A green tea extract high in catechins reduces body fat and cardiovascular risks in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007;15(6):1473–83.
  • Wang H, Wen Y, Du Y et al. Effects of catechin enriched green tea on body composition. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010;18(4):773–9.
  • Basu A, Sanchez K, Leyva MJ et al. Green tea supplementation affects body weight, lipids, and lipid peroxidation in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr 2010;29(1):31–40.
  • Diepvens K, Kovacs EM, Nijs IM, Vogels N, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effect of green tea on resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during weight loss in overweight females. Br J Nutr. 2005;94:1026–34.
  • Maki KC, Reeves MS, Farmer M et al. Green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced abdominal fat loss in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr 2009;139:264-70.
  • Kono S, Shinchi K, Wakabayashi K et al. Relation of green tea consumption to serum lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese men. J Epidemiol 1996;6:128–33.
  • Tokunaga S, White IR, Frost C et al. Green tea consumption and serum lipids and lipoproteins in a population of healthy workers in Japan. Ann Epidemiol 2002;12:157–65.
  • Kovacs EMR, Lejeune MPGM, Nijs I, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of green tea on weight maintenance after body-weight loss. Br J Nutr 2004;91:431–7.
  • Matsumoto N, Okushio K, Hara Y. Effect of black tea polyphenols on plasma lipids in cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1998;44:337–42.
  • Rumpler W, Seale J, Clevidence B et al. Oolong tea increases metabolic rate and fat oxidation in men. J Nutr 2001;131:2848–52.
  • Tsai CH, Chiu WC, Yang NC, Ouyanh CM, Yen YH. A novel green tea meal replacement formula for weight loss among obese individuals: a randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 2009;60(6):151-9.
  • Hackman RM, Havel PJ, Schwart HJ et al. Multinutrient supplement containing ephedra and caffeine causes weight loss and improves metabolic risk factors in obese women: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity 2006;30:1545–56.
  • Kuriyama S, Shimazu T, Ohmori K et al. Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in Japan: The Ohsaki study. JAMA 2006;296:1255–65.
  • Ko SG, Go H, Sun S et al. Green tea consumption, abdominal obesity as related factors of lacunar infarction in Korean women. The Journal of nutrition Health & Aging 2011;15(7):542-50.
  • Diepvens K, Kovacs EM, Vogels N, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Metabolic effects of green tea and of phases of weight loss. Physiol Behav 2006;87:185–91.
  • Chan CC, Koo MW, Ng EH, Tang OS, Yeung WS, Ho PC. Effects of Chinese green tea on weight, and hormonal and biochemical profiles in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome – a randomised placebo controlled trial. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2006;13:63–8.
  • Hsu CH, Tsai TH, Kao YH, Hwang KC, Tseng TY, Chou P. Effect of green tea extract on obese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2008;27:363–70.
  • Smith AE, Lockwood CM, Moon JR et al. Physiological effects of caffeine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and exercise in overweight and obese women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010;35:607–16.

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 137 - 146, 06.04.2016

Feride Taşkın Yılmaz Gülbahtiyar Demirel Azime Karakoç Kumsar

https://doi.org/10.16899/ctd.90351

Öz

Defined as the unhealthy abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in the body, obesity is an increasingly important public health problem around the world and has a higher incidence among women than among men. In recent years, one of the fastest growing fields in the treatment of obesity is the use of natural herbal products, among which tea stands out as a prominent element. Relevant epidemiological and clinical studies showed that the positive effects of chemical substances in tea on health provided benefits in the specific prevention and treatment of obesity. Most of the studies conducted with obese women over a course of more than three months reported that especially green tea contributed positively to weight loss. However, the insufficient number of controlled intervention studies and the complex nature of the designs of existing studies point out to the need for further studies on the effectiveness of tea consumption among obese women. Thus, this review discusses the effectiveness of tea consumption in coping with and preventing obesity among women in line with the existing literature. Providing evidence-based data, this review is considered to be a prospective source of guidance for healthcare professionals for the prevention of obesity

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tea; health; obesity; women

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR
  • World Health organization obesity and overweight Fact sheet No:311, Geneva, WHO, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs311/en/ Erişim Tarihi, 24.08.2014.
  • Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Green tea catechins, caffeine and body-weight regulation. Physiology & Behavior 2010;100:42–6.
  • Grove KA, Lambert JD. Laboratory, epidemiological, and human intervention studies show that tea (camellia sinensis) may be useful in the prevention of obesity. The Journal of Nutrition 2010;140:446-53.
  • Türkiye Obezite (Şişmanlık) ile Mücadele ve Kontrol Programı (2010–2014). Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Kuban Matbaacılık: Ankara; 2010.
  • Bulucu Altunkaynak, ZB, Özbek E. Obezite: nedenleri ve tedavi seçenekleri. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2007;34(2):144-9.
  • In-Iw S, Biro FM. Adolescent women and obesity. Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2011;24:58-61.
  • Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol 2013;28(2):169-80.
  • Arslan C, Ceviz D. Ev hanımı ve çalışan kadınların obezite prevalansı ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. Fırat Ünv. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2007;21(5):211-20.
  • Westerterp-Plantenga MS. LejeuneM, Kovacs E. Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation. Obesity Research 2005;13(7):1195-204.
  • Auvichayapat P, Prapochanung M, Tunkamnerdthai O et al. Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: a randomised, controlled trial. Physiol Behav 2008;93:486–91.
  • Toprak D, Karaca E. (2011). Yeşil çay. http://www.ulusalcaykonseyi.org.tr/dosyalar/Ye%C5%9Fil%20%C3%87ay.pdf, Erişim Tarihi, 14.08.2014.
  • Kao YH, Chang HH, Lee MJ, Chen CL. Tea, obesity, and diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006;50:188-210.
  • Polychronopoulos E, Zeimbekis A, Kastorini C et al. Effects of black and green tea consumption on blood glucose levels in non-obese elderly men and women from Mediterranean Islands (MEDIS epidemiological study). Eur J Nutr 2008;47:10–6.
  • Clement Y. Can green tea do that? A literature review of the clinical evidence. Preventive Medicine 2009;49:83–7.
  • Stote KS, Clevidence BA, Novotny JA, Henderson T, Radecki SV, Baer DJ. Effect of cocoa and green tea on biomarkers of glucose regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and hemostasis in obese adults at risk for insulin resistance. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012;66:1153–9.
  • Nagao T, Komine Y, Soga S et al. Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:122-9.
  • Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes 2009;33:956–61.
  • Phung OJ, Baker WL, Matthews LJ, Lanosa M, Thorne A, Coleman CI. Effect of green tea catechins with or without caffeine on anthropometric measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:73–81.
  • Rains TM, Agarwal S, Maki KC. Antiobesity effects of green tea catechins: A mechanistic review. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2011;22:1–7.
  • Fisunoğlu M, Besler HT. Çay ve Sağlık İlişkisi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Beslenme ve Fiziksel Aktiviteler Daire Başkanlığı, Klasmat Matbaacılık: Ankara; 2008.
  • Lin JK, Shiau SL. Mechanisms of hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects of tea and tea polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006;50:211-7.
  • Uchiyama S, Taniguchi Y, Saka A, Yoshida A, Yajima H. Prevention of diet-induced obesity by dietary black tea polyphenols extract in vitro and in vivo. Nutrition 2011;27:287–92.
  • Ulusoy A, Şeker M. Türkiye’de Değişen Çay Tüketim Alışkanlıkları Projesi, Trabzon Ticaret Borsası, Trabzon; 2013.
  • Tosun İ, Karadeniz B. Çay ve çay fenoliklerinin antioksidan aktivitesi. OMÜ Zir. Fak. Dergisi 2005;20(1):78-83.
  • Hudson T. Green Tea and Women’s Health. Alternative & Complementary Therapies. 2007;13(5):269-72.
  • Westerterp-Plantenga M, Diepvens K, Joosen AM, Be´rube´- Parent S, Tremblay A. Metabolic effects of spices, teas, and caffeine. Physiol Behav 2006;89:85–91.
  • Sarıca Ş, Karataş Ü, Diktaş M. Çay (Camellia sinensis); içeriği, metabolizma ve sağlık üzerine etkileri, antioksidan aktivitesi ve etlik piliç karma yemlerinde kullanımı. GOÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2008;25(2):79-85.
  • Ivey KL, Lewis JR, Prince RL, Hodgson JM. Tea and non-tea flavonol intakes in relation to atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality in older women. British Journal of Nutrition 2013;110:1648–55.
  • Liu K, Zhou R, Wang B et al. Effect of green tea on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: A meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98:340–8.
  • Hooper L, Kroon PA, Rimm EB et al. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88(1):38–50.
  • Yang HY, Yang SC, Chao JC, Chen JR. Beneficial effects of catechin-rich green tea and inulin on the body composition of overweight adults. British Journal of Nutrition 2012;107:749–54.
  • Zhong L, Furne JK, Levitt MD. An extract of black, green, and mulberry teas causes malabsorption of carbohydrate but not of triacylglycerol in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:551–5.
  • Zhang R, Xiao W, Wang X, Wu X, Tian W. Novel inhibitors of fatty-acid synthase from green tea (Camellia sinensis Xihu Longjing) with high activity and a new reacting site. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2006;43:1–7.
  • Shixian Q, VanCrey B, Shi J, Kakuda Y, Jiang Y. Obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea. J Med Food 2006;9:451-8.
  • Diepvens K, Westerterp KR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007;292:77–85.
  • Wolfram S, Wang Y, Thielecke F. Anti-obesity effects of green tea: From bedside to bench. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006;50:176-87.
  • Stendell-Hollis NR, Thomson CA, Thompson PA, Bea JV, Cussler EC, Hakim IA. Green tea improves metabolic biomarkers, not weight or body composition: a pilot study in overweight breast cancer survivors. J Hum Nutr Diet 2010;23:590–600.
  • Chantre P, Lairon D. Recent findings of green tea extract AR25 (Exolise) and its activity for the treatment of obesity. Phytomedicine 2002;9(1):3–8.
  • Wu CH, Lu FH, Chang CS, Chang TC, Wang RH, Chang CJ. Relationship among habitual tea consumption, percent body fat, and body fat distribution. Obes Res 2003;11:1088–95.
  • Hughes LA, Arts IC, Ambergen T et al. Higher dietary flavone, flavonol, and catechin intakes are associated with less of an increase in BMI over time in women: A longitudinal analysis from the Netherlands Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1341–52.
  • Tsuchida T, Itakura H, Nakamura H. Reduction of body fat in humans by long-term ingestion of catechins. Prog Med 2002;22:2189–203.
  • Suliburska J, Bogdanski P, Szulinska M, Stepien M, upek-Musialik D, Jablecka A. Effects of green tea supplementation on elements, total antioxidants, lipids, and glucose values in the serum of obese patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012;149:315–22.
  • Nagao T, Hase T, Tokimitsu I. A green tea extract high in catechins reduces body fat and cardiovascular risks in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007;15(6):1473–83.
  • Wang H, Wen Y, Du Y et al. Effects of catechin enriched green tea on body composition. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010;18(4):773–9.
  • Basu A, Sanchez K, Leyva MJ et al. Green tea supplementation affects body weight, lipids, and lipid peroxidation in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr 2010;29(1):31–40.
  • Diepvens K, Kovacs EM, Nijs IM, Vogels N, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effect of green tea on resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during weight loss in overweight females. Br J Nutr. 2005;94:1026–34.
  • Maki KC, Reeves MS, Farmer M et al. Green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced abdominal fat loss in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr 2009;139:264-70.
  • Kono S, Shinchi K, Wakabayashi K et al. Relation of green tea consumption to serum lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese men. J Epidemiol 1996;6:128–33.
  • Tokunaga S, White IR, Frost C et al. Green tea consumption and serum lipids and lipoproteins in a population of healthy workers in Japan. Ann Epidemiol 2002;12:157–65.
  • Kovacs EMR, Lejeune MPGM, Nijs I, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of green tea on weight maintenance after body-weight loss. Br J Nutr 2004;91:431–7.
  • Matsumoto N, Okushio K, Hara Y. Effect of black tea polyphenols on plasma lipids in cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1998;44:337–42.
  • Rumpler W, Seale J, Clevidence B et al. Oolong tea increases metabolic rate and fat oxidation in men. J Nutr 2001;131:2848–52.
  • Tsai CH, Chiu WC, Yang NC, Ouyanh CM, Yen YH. A novel green tea meal replacement formula for weight loss among obese individuals: a randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 2009;60(6):151-9.
  • Hackman RM, Havel PJ, Schwart HJ et al. Multinutrient supplement containing ephedra and caffeine causes weight loss and improves metabolic risk factors in obese women: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity 2006;30:1545–56.
  • Kuriyama S, Shimazu T, Ohmori K et al. Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in Japan: The Ohsaki study. JAMA 2006;296:1255–65.
  • Ko SG, Go H, Sun S et al. Green tea consumption, abdominal obesity as related factors of lacunar infarction in Korean women. The Journal of nutrition Health & Aging 2011;15(7):542-50.
  • Diepvens K, Kovacs EM, Vogels N, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Metabolic effects of green tea and of phases of weight loss. Physiol Behav 2006;87:185–91.
  • Chan CC, Koo MW, Ng EH, Tang OS, Yeung WS, Ho PC. Effects of Chinese green tea on weight, and hormonal and biochemical profiles in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome – a randomised placebo controlled trial. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2006;13:63–8.
  • Hsu CH, Tsai TH, Kao YH, Hwang KC, Tseng TY, Chou P. Effect of green tea extract on obese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2008;27:363–70.
  • Smith AE, Lockwood CM, Moon JR et al. Physiological effects of caffeine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and exercise in overweight and obese women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010;35:607–16.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Feride Taşkın Yılmaz

Gülbahtiyar Demirel

Azime Karakoç Kumsar

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Nisan 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Taşkın Yılmaz, F., Demirel, G., & Karakoç Kumsar, A. (2016). Çay, Obezite ve Kadın. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 6(2), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.16899/ctd.90351
AMA Taşkın Yılmaz F, Demirel G, Karakoç Kumsar A. Çay, Obezite ve Kadın. J Contemp Med. Nisan 2016;6(2):137-146. doi:10.16899/ctd.90351
Chicago Taşkın Yılmaz, Feride, Gülbahtiyar Demirel, ve Azime Karakoç Kumsar. “Çay, Obezite Ve Kadın”. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi 6, sy. 2 (Nisan 2016): 137-46. https://doi.org/10.16899/ctd.90351.
EndNote Taşkın Yılmaz F, Demirel G, Karakoç Kumsar A (01 Nisan 2016) Çay, Obezite ve Kadın. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi 6 2 137–146.
IEEE F. Taşkın Yılmaz, G. Demirel, ve A. Karakoç Kumsar, “Çay, Obezite ve Kadın”, J Contemp Med, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 137–146, 2016, doi: 10.16899/ctd.90351.
ISNAD Taşkın Yılmaz, Feride vd. “Çay, Obezite Ve Kadın”. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi 6/2 (Nisan 2016), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.16899/ctd.90351.
JAMA Taşkın Yılmaz F, Demirel G, Karakoç Kumsar A. Çay, Obezite ve Kadın. J Contemp Med. 2016;6:137–146.
MLA Taşkın Yılmaz, Feride vd. “Çay, Obezite Ve Kadın”. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 137-46, doi:10.16899/ctd.90351.
Vancouver Taşkın Yılmaz F, Demirel G, Karakoç Kumsar A. Çay, Obezite ve Kadın. J Contemp Med. 2016;6(2):137-46.