Public health strategies to fasten the achievement of the millennium development goal -4A related to under-five mortality

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 67 - 70, 04.03.2015

Saurabh Shrivastava , Prateek Shrivastava Jegadeesh Ramasamy

https://doi.org/10.16899/ctd.61836

Öz

Under-five mortality rate (U5MR) refers to the total number of deaths in the age group of 0-5 years divided by the total number of live births in the same time interval. Under the MDG-4A, the target was to reduce U5MR by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was made using library sources including Pubmed, Medline and google scholar searches. Keywords used in the search include under-five mortality rate, Millennium development goals, and global. Although, reduction in U5MR has been observed, the decline is neither sufficient nor uniform, being highest in the African region and least in the European continent. Multiple barriers and gaps have been identified that are eventually aggravating the magnitude of the under-five mortality. In order to reduce the global burden of under-five mortality and to counter the identified challenges, there is a need of formulating innovative, cost-effective, multi-faceted and targeted strategies to address the problem in all dimensions. To conclude, there is a crucial need to save lives of under-five children by ensuring strategic implementation of comprehensive and target-oriented strategies, especially in developing countries to universally achieve the millennium development goal-4A.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Under-five mortality rate, Millennium development goals, Global, Policy

Kaynakça

• World Health Organization. World health Statistics - 2014. WHO press: Geneva; 2014.
• Park K. Preventive medicine in obstetrics, paediatrics and geriatrics. In: Park K, eds. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 20th ed. Jabalpur: Banarsidas Bhanot, 2009. p 492-495.
• World Health Organization. Under-five mortality; 2014. Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/mortality_under_five_text/en/ (Accessed 19 May 2014).
• Black RE, Morris SS, Bryce J. Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? Lancet. 2003; 361:2226-34.
• Singh R, Tripathi V. Maternal factors contributing to under-five mortality at birth order 1 to 5 in India: a comprehensive multivariate study. Springerplus. 2013; 2:284.
• Krishnan A, Nawi NG, Byass P, Pandav CS, Kapoor SK. Sex-specific trends in under-five mortality in rural Ballabgarh. Indian Pediatr. 2014; 51:48-51.
• Ayiko R, Antai D, Kulane A. Trends and determinants of under-five mortality in Uganda. East Afr J Public Health. 2009; 6:136-40.
• Ettarh RR, Kimani J. Determinants of under-five mortality in rural and urban Kenya. Rural Remote Health. 2012; 12:1812.
• Nattey C, Masanja H, Klipstein-Grobusch K. Relationship between household socio-economic status and under-five mortality in Rufiji DSS, Tanzania. Glob Health Action. 2013; 6: 49-56.
• Rutherford ME, Mulholland K, Hill PC. How access to health care relates to under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2010; 15:508-19.
• Chuang YC, Sung PW, Jasmine CH, Bai CH, Chang CJ. A longitudinal ecological study of the influences of political, economic, and health services characteristics on under-five mortality in less-developed countries. Health Place. 2013; 23:111-21.
• Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, de Onis M et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013; 382:427-51.
• Sayem AM, Nury AT, Hossain MD. Achieving the millennium development goal for under-five mortality in Bangladesh: current status and lessons for issues and challenges for further improvements. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011; 29:92-102.
• Marsh A, Munos M, Baya B, Sanon D, Gilroy K, Bryce J. Using LiST to model potential reduction in under-five mortality in Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13:S26.
• Cau BM, Sevoyan A, Agadjanian V. Religious affiliation and under-five mortality in Mozambique. J Biosoc Sci. 2013; 45:415-29.
• Mehdipour P, Navidi I, Parsaeian M, Mohammadi Y, Moradi Lakeh M, Rezaei Darzi E, et al. Application of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) in estimating under-five mortality levels and trends in Iran 1990 - 2013, study protocol. Arch Iran Med. 2014; 17:189-92.
• Rao C, Adair T, Kinfu Y. Using historical vital statistics to predict the distribution of under-five mortality by cause. Clin Med Res. 2011; 9:66-74.
• Amouzou A, Kozuki N, Gwatkin DR. Where is the gap?: the contribution of disparities within developing countries to global inequalities in under-five mortality. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14:216.
• Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS. Evaluation of trained Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers regarding their knowledge, attitude and practices about child health. Rural Remote Health. 2012; 12:2099.
• United Nations Children’s Fund. Committing to child survival: A promise renewed – Progress report; 2012.
• Doctor HV. Variations in under-five mortality estimates in Nigeria: explanations and implications for program monitoring and evaluation. Matern Child Health J. 2013; 17:1355-8.
• Darmstadt GL, Bhutta ZA, Cousens S, Taghreed A, Walker N, Bernis L. Evidence based cost effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? Lancet. 2005; 365:977-88.