AVRUPA VE TÜRKİYE’DE LOJİSTİK SEKTÖRÜNDE STANDARDİZASYON ÇALIŞMALARI

Technological advances in competition are rapidly changing customer demands. The ability to remove barriers to trade in the changing sector depends on making legislative changes at the national and international level and producing products in the desired standards in the market and delivering this product to the customer in the fastest way. Turkey, the Turkish Standards Institute, following international standards, is a public organization that is constantly updated according to these standards legislation. In international trade, producing products to the market in accordance with the standards published by the International Standardization Organization guarantees not only competition, but also human health and safety. For this reason, compliance with these standards is also preferred because the customer wants it. Logistics, which became widespread with modern transportation services after the 1980s, has standards in itself in all modes of transportation.

Turkish Standards Institute gives TSE certificate to the product produced by the manufacturer in the supply chain and certifies software and operating systems. TSE gains the Accreditation certificate to the ISO, EN, IEC 17024 2012 institution, TS EN ISO 14064-1 certificate in the air transport mode in cooperation with the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, certifies organizations in green port projects and maritime transport mode. One of the obstacles facing Turkey in international trade, the movement of products in the market have not been certified by international organizations. TSE demands that the vehicles manufactured after 31.03.2018 in ADR Vehicle Conformance, Transportation and Logistics Systems audits, have the ECE R 105 series 6 type approval. It is run by the European Standardization Committee (CEN).

Standardization works outside the electrotechnical and telecommunications sectors are the responsibility of CEN. When GENELCOM was terminated, a new institution was created with the name GENELEC With the Regulation 765/2008 / EC, the EU tries to inform the consumer by spreading the risks affecting health and safety with the Rapid Warning System. A booklet called Blue Guide has been published to standardize its products. This booklet contains the Council decisions, directives, logistics industry, all links of the supply chain. In this research, the European Union and Turkey's standardization work is given to legislative changes.

International standardization efforts are followed strictly by the Ministry of Transport and Trade in Turkey protocols, cross-sectoral cooperation activities are carried out. state-standardization work in Turkey are obstacles to trade by making changes to legislation are trying to reduce. However, in imports and exports, the sector needs more funds to apply for certification, patents, trademarks, and registration. Therefore, the incentive loans to be given to the companies that will be registered with the patent should be increased, and the private sector should also take the initiative on these issues. Documents, geographical signs, registrations and brands required by the European Union and International Standardization Organization must be documented. Turkey's foreign trade deficit in the global market of the exporting closure is connected to buy more goods obstacle to the sale of goods is shown as lack of standard document should be abolished barriers.

The European Union doesn’t accept products to their countries to comply with these standards in international trade, as they demand the product that complies with European standards, directives and decisions. The product's compliance with EU standards includes a number of administrative and official requirements. Authorities need to take action to meet these standards. If there is no CE mark on the product, which is included in the European Union harmonization legislation, the necessary applications must be made to obtain CE certificate since this product does not allow the export. Legislation in line with EU standards should be prepared to overcome the problems experienced in the transportation of dangerous goods. In preparing this legislation, a harmonized law focusing on solving the problems experienced by those working in the field should be prepared by applying a questionnaire to the people working in the sector.

Teknolojik ve ekonomik gelişmelerin neticesi olarak insanın mükemmellik beklentileri arttı. Mükemmeliyetçi anlayış, bir ürünü, bir hizmeti, aynı ölçülerde aynı kalitede sunmaya başlayınca standartlaşma çalışmaları başladı. Standartlaşmanın yayılmasında çok büyük etkisi olan teknoloji, dünyanın sandığımız kadar büyük bir gezegen olmadığını gösterdi, E-ticaretle kıtalararası alışveriş hızlandı. Rekabet ortamında, şirketler, ürettiklerini hızlı bir şekilde teslim etmeğe, kaliteli ürün üretmeye ve tüketiciye kaliteli ürünsunmaya, odaklandılar. Uluslararası pazarda yer edinmek için düşük maliyetle taşıma, depolama, elleçleme, ulaştırma, müşteriye ucuza satma, üreticiye daha fazla kâr ettirme önem kazandı Bu bağlamda lojistik hizmetlerin ulusal ve uluslar arasıuluslararası kurumlar tarafından kalitesinin tescillenmesi, uluslararası pazarlarda prestij kazanma ve rekabet edebilmenin önemli bir unsuru haline geldi. Dünyada lojistik şirketlerinin inovativ çalışmaları takip etmesi, güvenlik, verimlilik, kârlılık ve müşteri memnuniyeti açısından değerlidir. Araştırmada mevzuat ve literatür taranarak içerik analizi yöntemiyle, lojistik alanında Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de standardizasyon çalışmaları ve belgelere yer verilmiştir. Türkiye’deki lojistik sektöründeki kalite çalışmalarının yasal zorunlulukları açısından bu tür çalışmalar, sektörün güçlenmesi ve rekabet gücünün arttırılması için gereklidir. Bu çalışmadan sonra, uygulamalara yer verilerek standart araştırmalarının artırılması, lojistik Performans Endeksi’ndeki Türkiye’nin sıralamasının yükseltilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Lojistik sektöründe standardizasyon araştırmalarının az olması nedeniyle ele aldığımız bu konunun araştırmacılar için kaynaklık etmesi, lojistik yönetiminde, kurum geliştirme çalışmaları yapan araştırmacılara model olması açısından beklenmektedir.