PETROL SEARCH STUDIES IN OUR COUNTRY AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 119 - 128, 24.06.2020

Cengiz Atlı

Öz

Petroleum is a very important strategic item in terms of economy and defense in the world and in our country. Oil exploration studies in the modern sense all over the world dates back to the 1850s. In 1859, Europe's raw material production reached thirty-six thousand. The majority of this was provided from Galicia and Romania. start of oil exploration in Turkey also coincided with the last period of the Ottoman Empire. The first oil exploration activities carried out in our country started in 1890 in Çengen near İskenderun. In 1898, traces of oil were found around Mürefte and Gaziköy (Ganos) in Thrace. II. During Abdulhamit period, oil exploration activities intensified in Hatay Chengen region. The oil samples extracted were analyzed on 17 July 1887 in Istanbul by chemist Moreau. In August 1887, Grand Vizier Kamil Pasha was given a concession to Ahmet Necati regarding oil exploration conflicts.

After the work done in some regions of Anatolia, oil exploration concentrated on Mosul region in the beginning of 1914. In this context, the European Petroleum Company was granted an oil exploration around Mosul in 1914. In the same year, Standart Oil conducted a geological survey around Mürefte - Hoşköy. With the partnership of foreign companies, Turkish Petroleum Company was founded in 1914 and started to search for oil in Mosul. According to the San Remo agreement, which was signed as a result of political pressures at the end of the war, the participation rate was re-divided in the Iraqi Oil Company.

Towards the end of the First World War, in the eastern provinces under Russian occupation, Stoyanoff, Meferd and Nalifkin started their oil exploration activities around the Court Hüseyin, Neftik Kürzot Hasankale, Pulk (Tercan), and Katranlı. During this period, some oil was tried to be extracted by the Russians in Hasankale. In addition, galleries were opened in Katranlı and Kürzot, and enough oil was obtained for the ships operating on Lake Van. With the law enacted, it took the right of the state to search and operate the mines to which all oil and petroleum compounds are subject within the borders of the country.
The Republic of Turkey in Ankara in June 1926, the United Kingdom and Iraq agreement was signed between the governments of the Iraqi government Iraq will buy from other troupe will be formed and the oil troupe of 10% of revenue, he decided to leave in Turkey 25 years long. oil shares in exchange for the additional material put England Agreement Turkey has offered to pay 500 thousand pounds. Oil exploration activities in the country started regularly on May 20, 1933. With the law regarding the Organization of Gold, Petroleum Exploration and Operation Administrations No. 2189 enacted on this date, studies continued around Baspirin in the province of Midyat. With the establishment of MTA on June 14, 1935, oil exploration works were linked to this institution. After this date, oil exploration continued in different parts of the country. Geological, geophysical surveys and drilling activities were carried out in İskenderun, Adana, Van and Thrace. (Alexander is one of the requirements as well as the Republic of Turkey Ottoman Empire sought by drilling the first oil field). As a result of the studies carried out, oil was found in the Raman-1 well in the south of Batman in 1940. Economically, oil was found in the Raman-8 well opened in 1945

According to the nationalization law enacted in 1926, the government was the sole owner of oil fields. This policy, which continued until the 1952s, began to change at the beginning of the 1950s. Oil extraction and disposal costs imposed a huge financial burden on the budget. In order to get rid of this financial burden, efforts have been made to encourage foreign capital to come to the country. During this period, experts from western countries were asked by the Turkish government to search for oil resources. In the Democratic Party Period, with the decree no. Turkey Grand National Meclisi'nde16 bill was accepted as law No. 6326 on March 1954. Extracted law together to make oil exploration activities in Turkey and Turkey have been recognized certain rights to foreign companies. With regard to oil exploration activities in Turkey, especially western companies during the Democratic Party in Turkey had applied for oil exploration. After this law in Turkey, the first petroleum exploration permit Scolari took the Vacuum Oil Company. This company has been granted oil exploration in the seven regions in Turkey. Secondly, it was the Royal Dutch Shell Company. Until July 1954, the number of all foreign capital applications reached 200, including oil. On August 6, 1954, with the American company Cities Service Mid-East Oil Corporation Aveilen, the number of companies that applied for oil exploration reached six. Many companies applied to take advantage of the law
As of December 15, 1957, the number of companies licensed for oil exploration in our country increased to 200 and the number of companies increased to 16. The number of firms applying for a search license for the first time was nine. The application of the companies in operation was 27. Work on the pipeline for the transportation of Iranian oil was ongoing. Geological activities for oil exploration increased by 20% compared to 1956 and reached 161. Drilling was continued in 1956, and newer drills were started in 41 regions. 10 new drilling machines were also in operation. In this period, the 1957 production of the oil office was 286,000 tons, belonging to the Garzan zone. As sales, 272 thousand tons of oil was launched. During this period, 487 foreign specialists came to participate in the oil studies. Foreign capital increased from 27.5 million lira until the end of 1956 to 70 million lira by the end of 1957.

İKİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI AKABİNDE ÜLKEMİZDE PETROL ARAMA ÇALIŞMALARI

Öz

İkinci Dünya Savaşının akabinde 12 Kasım 1952’de 3/15833 sayılı kanun ile ülkemizde bulunan petrol kaynaklarının tespit edilerek kullanılabilir hale getirmek üzere çalışma başlatıldı. Tasarı Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisince 16 Mart 1954 tarihinde 6326 nolu kanun olarak kabul edildi. Çıkarılan kanunla birlikte Türkiye’de petrol arama çalışması yapacak Türk ve yabancı şirketlere bazı haklar tanındı. Türkiye’de petrol arama çalışmalarıyla ilgili olarak özelikle batılı şirketler bu dönemde ülkemizde petrol arama çalışmaları için başvuruda bulunmuşlardı. Araştırmalar için ruhsat alan şirketler 1955 yılında çalışmalarına başladı. 1957 yılında ise şirketlerin çeşitli petrol bölgelerindeki jeolojik çalışmaları daha geniş çapta devam etti. Arama çalışmaları Marmara Bölgesi, Ankara, Adana Gaziantep ve Siirt bölgelerinde yoğunlaştı. Bu dönemde arama izni alarak çalışan şirketlerin çoğu Amerikan şirketleriydi
Bu yurtdışı şirketlerden başka Türk şirketleri de arama çalışmalarına başlamışlardı. Etta Şirketi 1957’de aldığı izinle Antalya bölgesinde, Yine aynı yıl İstanbul Tabi Gaz Ltd. Şti. yedi kuyuda sondaj çalışmalarını yürütmekteydi. Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı Raman, Garzan, Reşan ve Garzan’ın batısında bulunan Çermikte çalışmalarına devam etmişti. Bazı Alman şirketleri de bu dönemde petrol arama çalışmaları yapmak için ruhsat başvurusunda bulunmuşlardı. Deutsche Erdöl- Aktiengesellachaft Hamburg isimli Alman şirketi Siirt bölgesinde arama yapmak için müracaat etti. Deilman Montan şirketi de 1954’te Trakya’da dört bölgede çalıştı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Demokrat Parti, Adnan Menderes, Amerika, Petrol

Kaynakça

• KAYNAKÇA Arşivler Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi Resmi Yayınlar Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Zabıt Cerideleri, Resmi Gazete, TUİK, İstatistik Göstergeler, (1923-2011), Ankara, 2012. M.T. A. Raman Petrol Sahası, Türk Ekonomisi, S.9, Ocak 1951. Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı İlk 50 Yıl (1954-2004), Ankara, 2005.s.30. Süreli Yayınlar Zafer 22 Ocak 1953. New York Journal of Commerce Financial World gazetesi San Bernardino Sun Norwich Bulletin Associated Press, Kansas City, Kuncie Tulsa World Kitap ve Makaleler Albayrak Mustafa, Türk Siyasi Tarihinde Demokrat Parti, (1946-1960), Ankara, 2004. Atatürk’ün Söylev ve Demeçleri, , C.II, Ankara, 1997s.109. Barutçu, Faik Ahmet Siyasi Hatıralar, C.I, Ankara, 2001, s.1272. Baytal Yaşar Demokrat Parti Dönemi Ekonomi Politikaları (1950-1957), Ankara Üniversitesi Türk inkılâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi S 40, Kasım 2007, s. 553. Bostan İdris, Osmanlı Topraklarında Petrolün Bulunuşu ve İskenderun’da İlk Petrol İşletme Çalışmaları, Coğrafya Araştırmaları, II, Ankara 1990, s. 129-135 Burçak Rıfkı Salim, On Yılın Anıları (1950-1960), Ankara, 1998, s.184. Celal Bayar’ın Söylev ve Demeçleri, (1933-1955), (Derleyen Özel Şahingiray), İstanbul, 1999, S.100. Haykır, Yavuz Özkan Demir, 6326 Sayılı Petrol Kanunu Ve Demokrat Parti Dönemi Petrol Politikası. Sutad, Bahar 2017; (41): 251-269 Kara Bülent, Türkiye’de Personel Reformu Çalışmalarının Altyapısı: 1930-60 Yılları Arasında Yabancı Uzmanların Kamu Yönetimine İlişkin Hazırladıkları Raporlar, C.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Aralık 2006 Cilt: 30 No:2 s.154. Kardaş, Abdulaziz Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete Van’da Madencilik Çalışmaları (1900-1980), Van, 2017, Kaya, Fevzi Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Yapılan İdari Reform Çalışmalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Sayı:48, s.170. Kökyay, Ferhat 1923’ten Günümüze Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Petrol Yatırım Politikaları, Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara, 2008, s.101 Lokman Kemal, Memleketimizde Petrol Araştırmaları, Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni, C.6, S.2, Şubat 1958, s.91. Neziroğlu, İrfan Tuncer Yılmaz, Hükümetler- Programları ve Genel Kurul Görüşmeleri, (22 Nisan 1950-20 Kasım 1961),Ankara, 2013 Okumuş, Ali Osmanlı Coğrafyası ’nda Petrol Mücadelesi, Kalust S.Gülbenkyan ve Türk Petrol Şirketi, İstanbul, 2015, s.59. Taşman, Cevat Eyyüp Petrolün Türkiye’de Tarihçesi Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü Mecmuası, S.39. Ekim 1949, s.71.. Yavuz Bige Sükan “1922 Yılında Orta Doğu’da Uluslararası Petrol Rekabeti” Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, S.12,1 Eylül 2003, s.113 Yazıcı, Nevin Petrol Çerçevesinde Musul Sorunu (1926-1955), Ötüken Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2010, s. 59-62. Yergın, Danıel Petrol Para ve Güç Çatışmasının Epik Öyküsü, (Çev: Kamuran Tuncay), Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları, İstanbul, 2016, s.8. Yurtoğlu, Nadir Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türkiye’de Petrol Arama Politikaları, Akademik Bakış, c.10,S.20, 2017, s.8. Yurtoğlu Nadir, Demokrat Parti Döneminde Türkiye’de Petrol Arama Çalışmaları ve Petrol Politikaları (1950-1960), Tarih Okulu Dergisi (TOD) Journal of History School (JOHS) Eylül 2017 Yıl 10, Sayı XXXI.