Adaptation of the Professional Moral Courage Scale to Turkish Culture: A Validity and Reliability Study
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to adapt the "Professional Moral Courage" scale developed by Sekerka et al. (2009) to Turkish culture to assess teachers' Professional Moral Courage levels. For this purpose, the data obtained from 446 teachers working in primary and secondary schools in the central districts of Antalya province in the 2020-2021 academic year were analyzed. The Professional Moral Courage scale is a seven-point Likert-type measurement tool comprising five dimensions and 15 items. First-Level Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Second-Level Confirmatory Factor Analysis were conducted to determine whether the original structure of the scale was also provided in Turkish culture. Additionally, Cronbach's Alpha (α) coefficient, McDonald's Omega (ω) reliability coefficient, and AVE values were calculated to determine the reliability level of the scale. The fit indices obtained supported the five-dimensional structure identified in the original study, which included moral judgment, multiple values, confronting threats, going beyond conformity, and moral goal. In addition, Cronbach's Alpha (α) coefficient for the whole scale was calculated as .94, and McDonald's Omega (ω) reliability coefficient was calculated as .91. Consequently, the analysis determined that the scale adapted for Turkish culture is a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring teachers' moral courage.
Keywords
References
- Abadi, N. E., Rahimzadeh, M., Omidi, A., Farahani, F., Malekyan, L., & Jalayer, F. (2020). The relationship between moral courage and quality of work life among nursing staff in Bam hospitals. J Adv Pharm Educ Res Jan-Mar, 10(1), 127-32.
- Abdeen, M. A., & Atia, N. M. (2020). Ethical work climate, moral courage, moral distress and organizational citizenship behaviour among nurses. Amarjeet Kaur Sandhu, 12(2), 86-91.
- Abney, A. C. (2016). Authentic leadership: A model for professional moral courage [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Regent University.
- Arslan, S. (2018). Yönetim sürecinde otorite kullanımı ve ortaya çıkan sorunların değerlendirilmesi. Eleştirel bir yaklaşım [The Usage of Authority in Management Process and Evaluation of Emerged Problems: A Critical Approach]. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.17541/optimum.301052
- Baqutayan, S.M.S., Tabrizi, M.R.F., & Minavand, H. (2014). Is workplace conflict costly? An international case study of conflict and stress among project managers. International Journal of Development and Conflict, 4(1), 49-59.
- Baratz, L., & Reingold, R. (2010). The ideological dilemma in teaching literature process-moral conflicts in a democratic and nationally diverse society: An Israeli teacher case study. Current Issues in Education, 13(3), 79-93.
- Bass, B.M., & Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behaviour. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 181-217.
- Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(95)00038-0
- Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. & Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. John Wiley- SonsPub
- Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K.A., & Long, J.S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Sage.