SEÇİLMİŞ BAZI ÜLKELERDE SIĞINMACI EĞİTİM POLİTİKALARI VE UYGULAMALARINA BİR BAKIŞ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2020 Sayı: 14, 52 - 78, 30.04.2020

Emine Saklan

https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.674446

Cited By: 2

Öz

Dünya üzerinde savaşların şiddetlenerek devam etmesi, insanların ekonomik olarak darboğazda kalması, yerlerinden edilmesi ve işsizlik gibi nedenler milyonlarca kişinin kendilerine çeşitli haklar sağladıklarına inanılan gelişmiş Avrupa ülkelerine göç etmelerine yol açmaktadır. Göç edenlerin uzun vadede göç ettikleri ülkede kaldıkları ve ülkenin sosyal, politik ve ekonomik yapısına uyum sağlamaya çalıştıkları düşünüldüğünde ülkeler için en öncelikli konulardan biri kuşkusuz sığınmacıların uyumu olmaktadır. OECD ülkeleri sığınmacıların işgücü piyasalarına uyum sağlamaları ve topluma katılımlarının gerçekleştirilebilmesi ve gelecekte ekonomik büyümenin sağlanabilmesi için eğitimin son derece önemli olduğu görüşündedirler. Eğitime, göçe ve sığınmacılık olgusuna dair geliştirilen politikaların ülkelerin gelişmişlik seviyesine göre değiştiği ve uygulamalarda farklılıklar görüldüğü söylenebilir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde sığınmacılara yönelik hazırlık eğitim süreçleri ve uyum programları uygulanırken, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sığınmacılar doğrudan eğitim süreçlerine dahil edilebilmektedirler. Bu araştırmada Avrupa ülkeleri arasında en fazla göç alan İsveç, Almanya ve Avusturya’nın sığınmacı eğitim politikaları ve uygulamalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada veriler, Uluslararası Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD), Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC), Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği (UNHCR) gibi kuruluşların yayınladığı raporlar ve seçilmiş ülkelerin sığınmacı eğitimleri ile ilgili yayınlanmış akademik makaleler esas alınarak oluşturulmuş ve doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sığınmacı eğitimi, göç, doküman analizi

Kaynakça

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