The Use of Probiotic in Aquaculture

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 2007 Sayı: 2, 13 - 18, 01.06.2007

Emine Turgut Nermin Develi serap Ustaoğlu Tırıl

Öz

Disease outbreaks are recognized as important constrains to aquaculture production and trade. The development of antibiotic resistance has become a growing concern; thus, there is an urgent need for alternatives to antimicrobials, currently, the most prevalent agent used for disease control in aquaculture. An alternatives forms of disease control is the use of probiotics. Probiotics function as microbial control agents and are usually defined as a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially effect the host animal by improvements in the intestinal microbial balance, enhancement of the immune response of the animal. Further probiotic bacteria can function as agents that improve water quality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Probiotic, aquaculture, fish, disease control

Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliğinde Probiyotiklerin Kullanımı

Öz

Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde hastalıklar, üretimi ve ticareti sınırlayan en önemli etken olarak bilinmektedir. Bunun yanında canlılarda antibiyotiklere karşı direncin artması önemli bir problemdir. Bundan dolayı, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde hastalıkların kontrolünde yoğun olarak kullanılan antimikrobiyallere karşı alternatife ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Probiyotikler, hastalıkların kontrolünde kullanılan alternatif bir yol olup ve genellikle besin desteği olarak yeme veya suya ilave edilen canlı mikrobiyallerdir. Bu tip maddeler, bağırsak mikroflorasında denge sağlayarak ve konak canlının bağışıklık cevabını geliştirerek canlının sağlığına olumlu etki ederler. Bunun yanında probiyotikler, su kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde de etkilidirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Probiyotik, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği, balık, hastalık kontrolü.

Kaynakça

• Balcazar, J. L., Vendrell, D., Blas I., Zarzuela, I. R., Girones, O., and Muzquiz, J. L. 2007. Immune modulation by probiotic strains: Quantification of phagocytosis of Aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a radiolabelling assay. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 29, 5-6; 335-343
• Balcazar, J.L., Blas, I., Zarzuela, I.R., Cunningham, D., Vendrell, D. and Muzquiz, J. L. 2006. The role of probiotics in aquaculture. Veterinary Mikrobiol., 114, 173-186.
• Barug, D., Jong, J., Kies A.K., and Verstegen., M.W.A. 2006. Antimicrobial growth promoters. Where do we go from here? Wageningen Academic Publishers. 422 pp
• Byund, J.W., Park, S.C., Ben, Y., and Oh, T.K. 1997. Probitic effect of Lactobacillus sp. DS-12 in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 43, 305-308.
• Cai, Y., Benno, Y., Nakase, T. and Oh, T.K. 1998. Specific probiotic characterization of Weissella hellenica DS-12 isolated from flounder intestine. Journal of general and Applied Microbiology, 44, 311-316.
• Carnevali, O., Zamponi, M.C., Sulpizio, R., Rollo, A., Nardi, M., Orpianesi, C., Silvi, S., Caggiano, M., Polzonetti, A.M. and Cresci, A. 2004. Administration of probiotic strain to improve sea bream wellness during development. Aquaculture International, 12, 377-386.
• Chang, C-I. and Liu, W-Y. 2002. An evaluation of two probiotic bacterial strains, Enterococcus faecium SF68 edwardsiellosis in cultured European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Journal of Fish Disaeses, 25, 311-315.
• DeSchrijver, R and Ollevier, F. 2000. Protein digestion in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and effects of dietary administration of Vibrio proteolyticus. Aquaculture, 186, 107-116.
• Gatesoupe, F. J., 1999. The use of probiotics in Aquaculture 180: 48-165
• Gatesoupe, F.J. 1991. Siderophore production and probiotic effect of Vibrio sp. associated with turbot larvae, Scophthalmus maximus. Aquatic Living Resources, 10, 239-246.
• Gatesoupe, F.J. 1991. The effect of three strains of lactic abcteria on the production rate of rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, and their diatary value for larval turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Aquaculture 96. 335-342.
• Gatesoupe, F.J. 1994. Lactic acid bacteria the resistance of turbot larvae Scophthalmus maximus against pathogenic Vibrio. Aquatic Living Resources, 7, 277-282.
• Gibson, L. F. 1999. Bacteriocin activity and probiotic activity of Aeromonas media. Journal of Applied Microbiology 85, 243-248.
• Gibson, L. F., Woodworth, J., George, A. M. 1998. Probiotic activity of Aeromonas media on the PAsific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, whne challenged with Vibrio tubiashii. Aquaculture, 169, 111-120
• Gildberg, A. Mikkelsen, H., Sandaker, E. and Ringo, E. 1997. Probiotic effect of lactic acid bacteria in the feed on growth and survival of fry of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Hydrobiologia, 352, 279-285.
• Gismondo, M. R., Drago,L. and Lombardi, A. 1999. Rewiev of probiotics available to modify gastrointestinal flora. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 12, 287-292.
• Gomez, R. G., Balcazar, J. L. and Ma, S., 2007. Probiotics as Control Agents in Aquaculture. Journal of Ocean University of China, 6. 76-79
• Gomez-Gil, B., Roque, A. and Turnbull, J.F. 2000. The use and selection of probiotic bacteria for use in the culture of larval aquatic organisms. Aquaculture, 191, 259-270.
• Harzevili, A.R.S., VanDuffel, H., Dhert, P., Swings, J. and Sargeloos, P. 1998. Use of aquaculture potential probiotic Lactococcus lactis AR21 strain for the enhancement of growth in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis(Muller). Aquaculture Research, 29, 411- 417.
• Irianto, A. and Austin, B. 2002a. Probiotics in aquaculture. Journal of Fish Diseases, 25, 633-642.
• Irianto, A. and Austin, B. 2002b. Use of probiotics to control furunculosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Fish Diseases, 25, 333-342.
• Jöborn, A., Olsson, J.C., Westerdahl, A., Conway, P.L. and Kjelleberg, S. 1997. Colonization in the fish intestinal tract and production of inhibitory substances in intestinal mucus and faecal extracts by Carnobacterium sp. K1. Journal of Fish Diseases, 20, 383-392.
• Klaenhammer, R.T. and Kulen, J.M. 1999.Selection and design of probiotics. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 50, 45-57.
• Korkut, A. Y., Hoşsu, B. and Ferhatoğlu, M. 2003. Probiyotikler ve Su Ürünlerinde Kullanımı. Ege Üniversitesi, Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 20 (3-4), 551-556
• Mohanty, S.N., Swain, S.K. and Tripathi, S.D. 1996. Rearing of catla (Catla catla Ham.) spawn on formulated diets. Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics, 11, 253-258.
• Nikoskelainen, S., Ouwehand, A., Salminen, S. and Bylund, G. 2001. Protection of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Aquaculture, 198, 229- 236. from frunculosis by
• Panigrahi, A., Kiron, V., Satoh, S., Hirono, I., Kobayashi, T., Sugita, J., Puangkaew, J. and Aoki, T. 2007. Immune modulation and expression of cytokine genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss upon probiotic feeding. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 31, 372-382.
• Park, S. C., Shimamura, I., Fukunaga, M., Mori K. And Nakai, T. 2000. Isolation of bacteriophage specific to a fish pathogen, Pseudomonas plecoglossida, as a candidate for disease control. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, 1416-1422.
• Reid, G., Kim, SO. and Kohler, G.A. 2006. Selecting, testing and understanding probiotic microorganism. FEM Immunolgy and Medical Microbiology, 46 (2), 149-157.
• Robertson, P.A.W., O’Dowd, C., Burrels, C., Williams, P. and Austin, B. 2000. Use of Carnobacterium sp. as aquaculture probiotic for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture, 185, 235-243.
• Rollo, A., Sulpizio, R., Nardi, M., Silvi, S., Orpianesi,, C., Caggiano., M., Cresci, A. and Carnevali, O. 2006. Live microbial feed supplement in aquaculture for improvement of stress tolerance. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 32 (2), 167-177
• Scholz, U., Garcia D. G., Ricque, D., Cruz, S. I.E. Vargas, A. F. and Latchford, J. 1999. Enhancement of vibriosis resistance in juvenile Panaeus vannamei by supplementation of diets with differnt yeast products. Aquaculture, 176, 271-283.
• Smith, P., and Davey, S. 1993. Evidence for the competitive exclusion of Aeromonas salmonicida from fish stress-inducible furunculosis by a Fluorescent pseudomonas. Journal of Fish Diseases. 16, 521-524
• Spanggaard, B., Huber, I., Nielsen, J., Sick, E. B., Pipper, C. B., Martinussen, T., Slierendrecht, W. J. and Gram, L. 2001. The probiotic potential against vibriosis of the indigenous microflora of rainbow trout. Environmental Microbiology, 3(12), 755-765.
• Suminto, K., and Hirayama, K. 1997. Application of a growth –promotion bacterium for stable mass culture of three marine microalgae. Hydrobiologia 358. 223-230.
• Vaseeharan, B. and Ramasamy, P. 2003. Control of pathogenic Vibrio spp. by Bacillus subtilis BT23, a possible probiotic treatment for tiger shrimp Panaeus monodon. Letter Applied Microbiology, 36 (2), 83-87
• Verschuere, L., H., Heang, G., Criel, S., Dafnis., P., P. Sorgeloos., and W. Verstraete. 2000. Protection of Artemia against the pathogenic effects of Vibrio proteoclyticus CW8T2 by selected bacterial strains. Applied Microbiology, 2223-2228
• Vine, N.G., Leukes, W.D. and Kaiser, H. 2006 Probiotics in marine larviculture. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 30, 404-427. URL12007
• http://www.alken_murray.com/china98.htm
• Xiang-Hong, W., Jun, L., Wie-Shang, J., Huai-Shu,
• X. 1998. Application of probiotic in Aquaculture.
• Ocean University of Quingdao, China, 266003.