Okul Psikolojik Danışmanlarının Gözünden Öğrenci İntihar Davranışları: Niteliksel Bir Bakış

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de görev yapan okul psikolojik danışmanlarının öğrenci intihar düşüncesi, girişimi ve tamamlanmış intihar vakalarına ilişkin farkındalık, deneyim ve müdahale süreçlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ergenlerin zamanlarının önemli bir bölümünü okul ortamında geçirmeleri, psikolojik danışmanları risk belirtilerini erken fark etme ve kriz durumlarında müdahale etme açısından kritik bir konuma taşımaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle, olgubilim deseninde yürütülen bu çalışmada veriler, en az bir öğrenci intihar davranışına tanıklık etmiş 18 gönüllü danışmandan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler tematik analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiş ve psikolojik risk belirtileri, çevresel risk faktörleri, iş birliği ve kurumsal destek, önleyici müdahaleler ile mesleki zorluklar ve destek ihtiyaçları olmak üzere beş ana tema belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, değersizlik, umutsuzluk, aidiyet eksikliği ve sosyal izolasyonun temel risk faktörleri olduğunu; aile ilgisizliği ve yetersiz sosyal desteğin çevresel riskleri artırdığını göstermektedir. Etkili müdahale için paydaşlar arası iş birliği kritik olmakla birlikte, yapılandırılmış protokol eksikliği, yetersiz eğitim ve duygusal yük müdahale süreçlerini zorlaştırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak çalışma, öğrenci intihar davranışlarının çok boyutlu doğasını ortaya koymakta ve okul temelli önleme çalışmalarının güçlendirilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Okul psikolojik danışmanları
• intihar risk faktörleri
• ergen intiharı
• intiharı önleme
• okul temelli ruh sağlığı

Student Suicidal Behavior Through the Eyes of School Counselors: A Qualitative Perspective

Öz

This study aims to examine the awareness, experiences, and intervention processes of school psychological counselors in Türkiye regarding students’ suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicides. Given that adolescents spend a substantial portion of their time in school settings, school counselors occupy a critical position in identifying early warning signs and intervening during crisis situations. This study was conducted using a qualitative phenomenological design. Data were collected through semi-structured interview forms from 18 volunteer counselors who had witnessed at least one case of student suicidal behavior. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, resulting in five main themes: psychological risk indicators, environmental risk factors, collaboration and institutional support, preventive interventions, and professional challenges and support needs. The findings indicate that feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, lack of belonging, and social isolation constitute key psychological risk factors, while family neglect and insufficient social support increase environmental risks. Although collaboration among stakeholders is critical for effective intervention, the lack of structured protocols, insufficient training, and emotional burden complicate intervention processes. Overall, the study highlights the multidimensional nature of student suicidal behavior and underscores the need to strengthen school-based prevention efforts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• School psychological counselors
• suicide risk factors
• adolescent suicide
• suicide prevention
• school-based mental health.

Kaynakça

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