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Şiddet İçerikli Video Oyunları ve Saldırganlık İlişkisinin Gözden Geçirilmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 75 - 99, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.51503/gpd.791346

Öz

Şiddet içerikli video oyunları, son yıllarda popüler bir eğlence aktivitesi haline gelmiştir. Saldırganlık alan yazınında kabul gören kuramlar, saldırganlığın biliş, uyarılma, duygulanım ya da davranış gibi spesifik bir bileşenine odaklandıkları için video oyunu şiddetine maruz kalmanın etkilerini açıklamada görece sınırlı kalmışlardır. Genel Saldırganlık Modeli, şiddet içerikli video oyunu tüketmenin olası tüm etkilerini süreç boyunca açıklamaya çalışmıştır ve önceki pek çok kuramsal açıklamayı bütüncül bir yaklaşımla bir araya getirmiştir. Böylece bu tür içeriğin tüketilmesi esnasında ya da hemen sonrasında saldırganlıkla ilgili bilişlerde, saldırgan uyarılmada, saldırgan duygulanımda ve saldırgan davranışta meydana gelen artış ile ilişkili olduğu önerilmiştir. Nitekim alanda farklı yöntemler kullanılarak yürütülen çok sayıda çalışma bu görüşü destekleyen kanıtlar sunmuştur. Genel Saldırganlık Modeli ayrıca şiddet içerikli video oyunlarını tekrarlı biçimde tüketmenin, saldırganlık ve şiddet içeren uyaranlar için zamanla duyarsızlaşma yaratacağını önermiştir. Bununla paralel olarak çok sayıda araştırma şiddet içeren video oyunlarına maruz kalmanın empati, özgeci davranış ve diğerine yönelmiş saldırganlık karşısında duyarlılık gibi olumlu sonuçlarda azalma ile ilgili olduğunu göstermiştir. Alanda artan ilgiyle yürütülen bu araştırmalar ve yıllar içinde bu araştırmaların bulgularını bir araya getirerek inceleyen meta-analiz çalışmalarının sonuçları şiddet içerikli video oyunu oynama ve saldırganlık arasında tutarlı bir ilişki olduğuna dair kanıtlar sağlamışlardır. Böylece şiddet içerikli video oyunlarının saldırgan tepkilerin ortaya çıkması için bir risk faktörü olduğu yaygın olarak kabul edilmiştir. Diğer yandan bu konuda ülkemizde yürütülen çalışma sayısının sınırlı olduğu ve konunun yeterince ilgi görmediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı Genel Saldırganlık Kuramı çerçevesinden şiddet içerikli video oyunları ve saldırganlık üzerine getirilen temel kuramsal açıklamaları ve bazı görgül çalışma bulgularını gözden geçirerek alana dikkat çekmektir.

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A Review of The Relationship Between Violent Video Games and Aggression

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 75 - 99, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.51503/gpd.791346

Öz

Violent video games have become a popular leisure activity in recent years. Aggression theories have been relatively limited in explaining the effects of video game violence as they focus on a specific component of aggression such as cognition, arousal, affect, or behaviour. The General Aggression Model attempted to explain all the possible effects of consuming violent video games throughout the process by combining many previous theoretical explanations with a holistic approach. Accordingly, the model suggested that it was associated with increased aggressive cognitions, arousal, affect, and behaviour that occur during or immediately after consuming such content. Further, The General Aggression Model has suggested that repeatedly consuming violent video games causes desensitization to aggressive stimuli over time. Numerous studies conducted using different methods in the field have provided evidence to support that violent video games are associated with an increase in aggressive cognition, arousal, affection, behaviour and a decrease in positive outcomes, such as empathy, prosocial behaviour, and sensitivity to aggression directed towards others. The results of these studies conducted with an increasing interest in this field and the results of meta-analysis studies, which have gathered the findings of these studies over the years, provided evidence that there is a consistent relationship between violent video game playing and aggression. On the other hand, the number of studies conducted in our country on violent video games effects are limited. In this regard, the present study aims to draw attention to the field by reviewing the underlying theoretical explanations and some empirical evidence on violent video games and aggression within the framework of General Aggression Theory.

Kaynakça

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  • Uhlmann, E. ve Swanson, J. (2004). Exposure to violent video games increases automatic aggressiveness. Journal of Adolescence, 27(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.10.004
  • Wang, Y., Mathews, V. P., Kalnin, A. J., Mosier, K. M., Dunn, D. W., Saykin, A. J. ve Kronenberger, W. G. (2009). Short term exposure to a violent video game induces changes in frontolimbic circuitry in adolescents. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 3(1), 38–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-008-9058-8
  • Weber, R., Ritterfeld, U. ve Mathiak, K. (2006). Does playing violent video games induce aggression? Empirical evidence of a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Media Psychology, 8, 39–60. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532 785XMEP0801_4
  • Weber, R., Ritterfeld, U. ve Kostygina, A. (2006). Aggression and violence as effects of playing violent video games? P. Vorderer & J. Bryant (Eds.), Playing video games: Motives, responses, and consequences içinde (s. 347–361). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Valadez, J. J. ve Ferguson, C. J. (2012). Just a game after all: Violent video game exposure and time spent playing effects on hostile feelings, depression, and visuospatial cognition. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 608-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.006
  • Yang, G. S., Huesmann, L. R., Bushman, B. J. (2014). Effects of playing a violent video game as male versus female avatar on subsequent aggression in male and female players. Aggressive Behavior, 40(6) 537-541. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21551
  • Zillmann, D. (1991). Television viewing and psychological arousal. J. Bryant ve D. Zillmann (Ed.), Responding to the screen: Reception and reaction processes içinde (s. 103–133). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Toplam 103 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Olcay Bozkuş 0000-0002-3358-9726

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Eylül 2020
Kabul Tarihi 29 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozkuş, O. (2021). Şiddet İçerikli Video Oyunları ve Saldırganlık İlişkisinin Gözden Geçirilmesi. Gelişim Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(3), 75-99. https://doi.org/10.51503/gpd.791346

Gelişim ve Psikoloji Dergisi (GPD) (Journal of Development and Psychology (JODAP)) yılda iki kez yayınlanan uluslararası hakemli ve akademik bir dergidir. e-ISSN 2717-7858