Design interactions between Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Josef Hoffmann: the case of House for an Art Lover and Palais Stoclet

Abstract

Art Nouveau movement was interpreted in a linear-geometric way by Charles Rennie Mackintosh from Glasgow and Josef Hoffmann from Vienna, unlike general design properties such as curved, curvilinear, and floral. Because Mackintosh and Hoffmann have a similar design language, there are many different opinions on the interaction between them. The most common opinion is that Hoffmann was inspired by Mackintosh. The opinion of this view has been examined through Mackintosh's House for an Art Lover (1901) and Hoffmann’s Stoclet Palace (1905-11), which have many similarities in terms of façade and plan. In the paper, in addition to the literature review, it was tried to reach a conclusion with visual and plan comparison. Although House for an Art Lover was built earlier than the Palais Stoclet, according to the findings, many similar properties found in Mackintosh's building were used by Hoffmann in earlier years. Mackintosh began to change his design style in the early 1900s, moving closer to the Viennese Secession style. In this case, contrary to common opinion, inspiration took place first from Vienna to Glasgow and then from Glasgow to Vienna. But the influence of Vienna is more; it seems that Mackintosh was inspired by the Vienna Secession and Hoffmann.

Keywords

• House for an Art Lover
• Palais Stoclet
• Charles Rennie Mackintosh
• Josef Hoffmann
• Vienna Secession

Charles Rennie Mackintosh ve Josef Hoffmann arasındaki tasarım etkileşimleri: Sanatsever Evi ve Stoclet Palas Örneği

Öz

Art Nouveau akımı, kıvrımlı, eğrisel, bitkisel gibi genel tasarım özelliklerinden farklı olarak Glasgow’dan Charles Rennie Mackintosh ve Viyana’dan Josef Hoffmann tarafından doğrusal-geometrik şekilde yorumlanmıştır. Mackintosh ve Hoffmann’ın benzer tasarım diline sahip olmaları nedeniyle aralarındaki etkileşim hakkında birçok farklı görüş bulunmaktadır. En yaygın görüş Hoffmann’ın Mackintosh’tan esinlendiği üzerinedir. Bu görüşün doğruluğu, cephe ve plan açısından birçok benzerlik bulunduran Mackintosh’un Sanatsever Evi (1901) ve Hoffmann’ın Stoclet Palas (1905-11) yapısı üzerinden incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, literatür taramasına ek olarak görsel ve plan karşılaştırmalarıyla sonuca varılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sanatsever Evi, Stoclet Palas’tan daha önce inşa edilmesine rağmen bulgulara göre Mackintosh’un yapısındaki birçok benzer özellik Hoffmann tarafından daha önceki yıllarda kullanılmıştır. Mackintosh tasarım stilini 1900’lerin ilk yıllarında değiştirmeye başlayarak Viyana Secession stiline yakınlaşmıştır. Böylece yaygın görüşlerin aksine esinlenme önce Viyana’dan Glasgow’a ardından Glasgow’dan Viyana’ya gerçekleşmiştir. Fakat Viyana’nın etkisinin daha fazla olduğu; Mackintosh’un Viyana Secession’dan ve Hoffmann’dan esinlendiği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sanatsever Evi
• Stoclet Palas
• Charles Rennie Mackintosh
• Josef Hoffmann
• Viyana Secession

Kaynakça

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