Araştırma Makalesi
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Eskizden Mimari Üretime/Tasarım Süreci: Deneysel Bir Stüdyo Pratiği

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 199 - 221, 29.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.727805

Öz

Bu metnin amacı, eğitimci-mimar tarafından üretilen fikir eskizlerinin mimarlık öğrencileri tarafından mimari bir kompozisyona ne denli dönüştürülebildiği ve bütüncül bir sonuç ürünü elde etmede tutarlı ilişkilerin nasıl kurulduğunun saptanmasıdır. Yöntemden önce metin kurgusu, mimari eskiz ve biçimlerin algılanması üzerine kısa bir literatür açılımı gerçekleştirmiştir. Mimari stüdyo eğitiminin bir parçası olan yöntem, eğitimci-mimar tarafından anlık olarak her bir öğrenci için ayrı ayrı yapılan eskizlerle başlamaktadır. Tasarım sürecindeki beklenti, başlangıçtaki fikir eskizinden tutarlı bir ilişkiler ağını tanımlayan bütüncül bir sonuç ürün geliştirmeleridir. Verili tasarım bilgisinin sonuç ürüne ulaştırılması amacıyla protokol grubuna 6 saatlik süre verilmiş ve son aşama olarak, 6 saatlik deneyimini kayıt altına alan yazılı bir rapor hazırlamaları istenmiştir. Sonuçta, “eskizi bağlamsal-biçimsel öğeleriyle yorumlayanlar” ve “eskizin çizgisel karakterinden ayrıksı durumlar ortaya çıkaranlar” olarak iki yönelim grubu saptanmıştır ve fakat iki farklı yönelime rağmen fikir eskizini anlamlandırma-algılama-kavrama aşamasında benzer analojik araçlardan yararlanıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma aracılığıyla daha öncesinde tasarım stüdyolarında eskiz sürecini kendi pratikleriyle kullanan ya da etüt sürecinde yine üçüncü boyuta geçişi maketlerle deneyleyen öğrenci grubu, eğitimci-mimar tarafından üretilen eskizin çizgisel-bağlamsal-biçimsel örgüsünü çeşitli mekânsal çakışımlarla ele almış ve bu noktada mimari üretimin farklı yönelimlerini keşfetmiştir.  

Kaynakça

  • Akin, Ö. (2008). Frames of reference in architectural design: Analyzing the hyper-acclamation (A-h-a-!). Carnegie Mellon University Research Showcase, October, 1-20.
  • Arnheim, R. (2009). The Dynamics of Architectural Form. Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press.
  • Aydınlı, S. (2014). Eskizler, in Aydınlı, S. & Kürtüncü, B. (Eds.), Paralaks oda (pp. 61-71). İstanbul: Cenkler Matbaacılık.
  • Ayıran, N. (2007). The role of sketches in terms of creativity in design education and the effects of a scientific ideal. İTU A/Z, 4 (2), 52-66.
  • Bilda, Z., Gero, J.S., & Purcell, T. (2006). To sketch or not to sketch? That is the question. Design Studies, 27, 587-613.
  • Casakin, H., & Goldschmidt, G. (1999). Expertise and the use of visual analogy: implications for design education, Design Studies, 20, 153-175.
  • Cross, N. (1999). Natural intelligence in design. Design Studies, 20, 25-39.
  • Dinç Kalaycı, P. (2016). Etkileşimden Bütünleşmeye Bir Mimari Tasarım Stüdyosu Pratiğinin Anatomisi, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şt.
  • Dorst, K., & Cross, N. (2001). Creativity in the design process: Co-evolution of problem-solution. Design Studies, 22, 425-437.
  • Edwards, B. (2008). Understanding Architecture Through Drawing, New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Goel, V. (1995). Sketches of Thought. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (1991). The dialectics of sketching. Creativity Research Journal, 4 (2), 123-143.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (1992). Serial sketching: Visual problem solving in designing. Cybernetics and Systems, 23 (2), 191-219.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (1994). On visual design thinking: The vis kids of architecture. Design Studies, 15 (2), 158-174.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (2003). The backtalk of self-generated sketches. Design Issues, 19 (1), 72-88.
  • Goldschmidt, G., & Smolkov, M. (2006). Variances in the impact of visual stimuli on design problem solving performance, Design Studies, 27, 549-569.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (2017). Design thinking: A method or a gateway into design cognition? The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 3 (2), 107-112.
  • Juchmes, R., Leclercq, P., & Azar, S. (2005). A free-hand-sketch environment for architectural design supported by a multi-agent system. Computer & Graphics, 29, 905-915.
  • Kavakli, M., & Gero, J.S. (2001). Sketching as mental imagery processing. Design Studies, 22, 347-364.
  • Kavakli, M., Scrivener, S.A.R., & Ball, L.J. (1998). Structure in idea sketching behavior. Design Studies, 19, 485-517.
  • Makowska, B. (2015). The significance of sketches in the education of architects and in the development of their professional skills. Technical Transactions, 4-A, 17-24.
  • Menezes, A., & Lawson, B. (2006). How designers perceive sketches. Design Studies, 27, 571-585.
  • Özker, S., & Makaklı, E.S. (2017). Importance of sketching in the design process and education. The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 7 (2), 73-77.
  • Prats, M., Lim, S., Jowers, I., Garner, S.W., & Chase, S. (2009). Transforming shape in design: Observations from studies of sketching. Design Studies, 30, 503-520.
  • Rodgers, P.A., Green, G., & McGown, A. (2000). Using concept sketches to track design progress. Design Studies, 21, 451-464.
  • Suwa, M., & Tversky, B. (1997). What do architects and students perceive in their design sketches? A protocol analysis. Design Studies, 18, 385-403.
  • Verstijnen, I.M., Hennessey, J.M., Leeuwen, C. Van, Hamel, R., & Goldschmidt, G. (1998). Sketching and creative discovery. Design Studies, 19, 519-546.

From Sketch to Architectural Production/Design Process: A Studio Experience

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 199 - 221, 29.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.727805

Öz

The purpose of this text is to determine how the architectural sketches produced by the educator-architect can be transformed by architecture students into an architectural composition and how coherent relationships are established in achieving a holistic outcome product. The method, which is a part of the architectural studio education, starts with the sketches made by the educator-architect instantly for each student separately. The expectation in the design process is a holistic outcome product development that defines a coherent network of relationships from the initial idea sketch. As a result, two groups of orientations were identified as “the ones interpreting the sketch with contextual-formal elements” and “those who created separate situations from the linear character of the sketch” but despite similar orientations, it was found that similar analogy tools were used in the meaning-perception-comprehension phase of the idea sketch. Through this study, the group of students who previously used the sketch process in their design studios with their own practices or experimented with the transition to the third dimension with models by using the sketch process, handled the linear-contextual-formal pattern of the sketch produced by the educator-architect and discovered different orientations of architectural production at this point.

Kaynakça

  • Akin, Ö. (2008). Frames of reference in architectural design: Analyzing the hyper-acclamation (A-h-a-!). Carnegie Mellon University Research Showcase, October, 1-20.
  • Arnheim, R. (2009). The Dynamics of Architectural Form. Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press.
  • Aydınlı, S. (2014). Eskizler, in Aydınlı, S. & Kürtüncü, B. (Eds.), Paralaks oda (pp. 61-71). İstanbul: Cenkler Matbaacılık.
  • Ayıran, N. (2007). The role of sketches in terms of creativity in design education and the effects of a scientific ideal. İTU A/Z, 4 (2), 52-66.
  • Bilda, Z., Gero, J.S., & Purcell, T. (2006). To sketch or not to sketch? That is the question. Design Studies, 27, 587-613.
  • Casakin, H., & Goldschmidt, G. (1999). Expertise and the use of visual analogy: implications for design education, Design Studies, 20, 153-175.
  • Cross, N. (1999). Natural intelligence in design. Design Studies, 20, 25-39.
  • Dinç Kalaycı, P. (2016). Etkileşimden Bütünleşmeye Bir Mimari Tasarım Stüdyosu Pratiğinin Anatomisi, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şt.
  • Dorst, K., & Cross, N. (2001). Creativity in the design process: Co-evolution of problem-solution. Design Studies, 22, 425-437.
  • Edwards, B. (2008). Understanding Architecture Through Drawing, New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Goel, V. (1995). Sketches of Thought. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (1991). The dialectics of sketching. Creativity Research Journal, 4 (2), 123-143.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (1992). Serial sketching: Visual problem solving in designing. Cybernetics and Systems, 23 (2), 191-219.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (1994). On visual design thinking: The vis kids of architecture. Design Studies, 15 (2), 158-174.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (2003). The backtalk of self-generated sketches. Design Issues, 19 (1), 72-88.
  • Goldschmidt, G., & Smolkov, M. (2006). Variances in the impact of visual stimuli on design problem solving performance, Design Studies, 27, 549-569.
  • Goldschmidt, G. (2017). Design thinking: A method or a gateway into design cognition? The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 3 (2), 107-112.
  • Juchmes, R., Leclercq, P., & Azar, S. (2005). A free-hand-sketch environment for architectural design supported by a multi-agent system. Computer & Graphics, 29, 905-915.
  • Kavakli, M., & Gero, J.S. (2001). Sketching as mental imagery processing. Design Studies, 22, 347-364.
  • Kavakli, M., Scrivener, S.A.R., & Ball, L.J. (1998). Structure in idea sketching behavior. Design Studies, 19, 485-517.
  • Makowska, B. (2015). The significance of sketches in the education of architects and in the development of their professional skills. Technical Transactions, 4-A, 17-24.
  • Menezes, A., & Lawson, B. (2006). How designers perceive sketches. Design Studies, 27, 571-585.
  • Özker, S., & Makaklı, E.S. (2017). Importance of sketching in the design process and education. The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 7 (2), 73-77.
  • Prats, M., Lim, S., Jowers, I., Garner, S.W., & Chase, S. (2009). Transforming shape in design: Observations from studies of sketching. Design Studies, 30, 503-520.
  • Rodgers, P.A., Green, G., & McGown, A. (2000). Using concept sketches to track design progress. Design Studies, 21, 451-464.
  • Suwa, M., & Tversky, B. (1997). What do architects and students perceive in their design sketches? A protocol analysis. Design Studies, 18, 385-403.
  • Verstijnen, I.M., Hennessey, J.M., Leeuwen, C. Van, Hamel, R., & Goldschmidt, G. (1998). Sketching and creative discovery. Design Studies, 19, 519-546.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mimarlık
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Pınar Koç 0000-0001-8727-2655

Uğur Tuztaşı 0000-0003-3668-5665

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Koç, P., & Tuztaşı, U. (2020). From Sketch to Architectural Production/Design Process: A Studio Experience. GRID - Mimarlık Planlama Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(2), 199-221. https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.727805