Mimaride Biyomimikri Yaklaşımının Döngüsel Biyoekonomiye Katkısı: Örnekler Işığında Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 768 - 793, 30.10.2024

Güneş Mutlu Avinç , Semra Arslan Selçuk

https://doi.org/10.37246/grid.1279744

Öz

Günümüzde üretimde benimsenen doğrusal ekonomi modeli sınırlı, yenilenemeyen ve geri dönüştürülemeyen kaynaklar nedeniyle ekolojik dengeyi bozmaktadır. Bu nedenle, son yıllarda sürdürülebilir kalkınma sorunlarına çözüm sunan bir araç olarak döngüsel biyoekonomi giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Döngüsel biyoekonomi, biyolojik ürünlerin enerji ve malzeme olarak kullanılmasına yönelik süreçlerin geliştirilmesi, üretilmesi ve kullanılması gibi ekonomik faaliyetleri içeren bir modeli ifade etmektedir. Doğal sistemlerin döngüselliğine öykünen bu modelin, doğadaki sistem, strateji ve süreçleri öğrenerek problem çözebilmenin bir yol göstericisi olan biyomimikri ile örtüşmesi kaçınılmazdır. Bu bağlamda bu makale kapsamında biyomimikri yaklaşımının döngüsel biyoekonomi kavramı ile olan ilişkisi ele alınmakta ve biyomimikri ilkeleri ve örnekleri, döngüsel biyoekonomi bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca, biyomimikri yaklaşımının ilkeleri döngüsel biyoekonomi ilkeleri bağlamında değerlendirilerek, döngüsel biyoekonomi modeli içerisinde biyomimikri yaklaşımının gerekliliği ortaya konulmuştur. Elde edilen bilgiler ışığında, biyomimikrinin, sürdürülebilir tasarımlar, ürünler ve süreçler elde etmek için doğanın döngüselliğinin keşfedilmesine olanak sağlayan döngüsel ve sürdürülebilir bir çevrenin inşasını mümkün kılacağı açıktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Döngüsel ekonomi, Döngüsel biyoekonomi, Biyomimikri, Döngüsel malzeme

Biyomimikri Yaklaşımının Döngüsel Biyoekonomi Perspektifi Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

In recent years, circular bioeconomy as a tool that offers solutions to sustainable development problems offers innovative solutions in sustainable design, energy, production of building materials and waste management in the field of architecture, promoting an ecological approach inspired by biological cycles. It is inevitable that this model, which mimics the circularity of natural systems, overlaps with biomimicry, which is a guide to problem solving by learning from systems, strategies and processes in nature. In this context, this article discusses the relationship between the biomimicry approach and the concept of the circular bioeconomy, and evaluates the principles and examples of biomimicry in the context of the circular bioeconomy. It also evaluates the principles of the biomimicry approach in the context of the principles of the circular bioeconomy and identifies the need for the biomimicry approach within the circular bioeconomy model. Furthermore, the contribution of the biomimicry approach in architecture to the circular bioeconomy was examined in the context of examples. In conclusion, it is clear that biomimicry will enable the construction of a circular and sustainable environment that allows exploring the circularity of nature to achieve sustainable designs, products and processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Circular economy, Circular bioeconomy, Biomimicry, Circular materials, Architecture

Kaynakça

• Aguilar, A., Twardowski, T., & Wohlgemuth, R. (2019). Bioeconomy for sustainable development. Biotechnology Journal, 14(8), 1800638. https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201800638
• Arslan, H. D., Yıldırım, K. & Eser, A. (2021), Biyomorfik yapıların algısal değerlendirilmesi, Edt. Aksoy, Y. ve Duyan, E. içinde, Çağdaş Mimarlık Araştırmaları: Kent, Kuram, Tasarım. İstanbul: DAKAM, 16-36. ISBN:978-625-7034-12-8.
• Bahadursingh, N. (2022). Design team develops bio-glass cladding tiles made from mussel shells. Archinect. 16 Mart 2024 tarihinde https://archinect.com/news/article/150311676/design-team-develops-bio-glass-cladding-tiles-made-from-mussel-shells adresinden erişildi.
• Badarnah, K., L. (2012), Towards the living envelope biomimetics for building envelope adaptation, Bachelor of Architecture Theses, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
• Bensaude-Vincent, B., Arribart, H., Bouligand, Y., & Sanchez, C. (2002). Chemists and the school of nature. New journal of chemistry, 26(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1039/b108504m
• Bernard, M. (2011). HOK / Vanderweil Process Zero Concept Building: As Green As... Algae? 8 Mart 2024 tarihinde https://buildipedia.com/aec-pros/featured-architecture/hok-vanderweil-process-zero-concept-building-as-green-asalgae adresinden erişildi.
• Crook, L. (2020). Sea Stone is a concrete-like material made from shells. Dezeen. 17 Mart 2024 tarihinde https://www.dezeen.com/2020/08/28/sea-stone-newtab-22-design-shells-materials/ adresinden erişildi.
• D'Amato, D., Veijonaho, S., & Toppinen, A. (2020). Towards sustainability? Forest-based circular bioeconomy business models in Finnish SMEs. Forest policy and economics, 110, 101848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.12.004
• Di Maio, F., Rem, P. C., Baldé, K., & Polder, M. (2017). Measuring resource efficiency and circular economy: A market value approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 122, 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.02.009
• Diamanti MV., Yu CP. & Lee HK., (2015), Biotechnologies and biomimetics for civil engineering. cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1-19.
• Dokter, G., Thuvander, L. & Rahe, U. (2021). How circular is current design practice? Investigating perspectives across industrial design and architecture in the transition towards a circular economy. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 26, 692-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.12.032
• Efken, J., Dirksmeyer, W., Kreins, P., & Knecht, M. (2016). Measuring the importance of the bioeconomy in Germany: Concept and illustration. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 77(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2016.03.008
• Elrayies, G. M. (2018). Microalgae: prospects for greener future buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 1175-1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.032
• Evli, A. (2021). AuREUS ile UV ışığını elektriğe dönüştürmek. 16 Mart 2024 tarihinde https://teknoloji.org/aureus-ile-uv-isigini-elektrige-donusturmek/ adresinden erişildi.
• Frearson, A. (2022). Bureau de Change creates architectural tiles using glass made from mussels. Dezeen. 16 Mart 2024 tarihinde https://www.dezeen.com/2022/05/19/thames-glass-tiles-mussels-bureau-de-change-lulu-harrison/?li_source=LI&li_medium=bottom_block_1 adresinden erişildi.
• H. Silva, T., Mesquita-Guimarães, J., Henriques, B., Silva, F. S., & Fredel, M. C. (2019). The potential use of oyster shell waste in new value-added by-product. Resources, 8(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8010013 Hahn, J. (2020). Solar panels made from food waste win inaugural James Dyson Sustainability Award. Dezeen. 18 Mart 2024 tarihinde https://www.dezeen.com/2020/11/27/aureus-carvey-ehren-maigue-james-dyson-awards-sustainability/ adresinden erişildi.
• Gawel, E., Pannicke, N., & Hagemann, N. (2019). A path transition towards a bioeconomy—The crucial role of sustainability. Sustainability, 11(11), 3005. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113005
• Gedik, Y. (2020). Döngüsel ekonomiyi anlamak: Teorik bir çerçeve. Turkish Business Journal, 1(2), 110-137. https://doi.org/10.51243/SAKA-TJMER.2020.5
• Giampietro, M. (2019). On the circular bioeconomy and decoupling: implications for sustainable growth. Ecological economics, 162, 143-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.05.001
• Ghisellini, P., & Ulgiati, S. (2020). Circular economy transition in Italy. Achievements, perspectives and constraints. Journal of Cleaner Production, 243, 118360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118360
• Gündoğdu E. & Arslan H.D., (2020). Mimaride enerji etkin cephe ve biyomimikri. Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji (GU J Sci, Part C), 8(4), 922-935. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.799424
• Korhonen, J., Nuur, C., Feldmann, A., and Birkie, S. E. (2018). Circular economy as an essentially contested concept. J. Clean. Prod. 175, 544–552. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.111
• Jason, J. (2022). The Future of Architecture: Imagining a world where buildings are constructed from living materials. https://www.archdaily.com/987459/the-future-of-architecture-imagining-a-world-where-buildings-are-constructed-from-living-materials?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab&ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
• Kurnaz, L. M. ve Aksan Kurnaz, I. (2022). Biyoekonomi, Döngüsel Ekonomi ve Döngüsel Biyoekonomi. Bilim Teknik. 10, 58-63. https://bilimteknik.tubitak.gov.tr/system/files/makale/ayiklanan_basliksiz_sayfalar_44.pdf
• Leipold, S., & Petit-Boix, A. (2018). The circular economy and the bio-based sector-Perspectives of European and German stakeholders. Journal of cleaner production, 201, 1125-1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.01
• Lewandowski, M. (2016). Designing the business models for circular economy—Towards the Conceptual Framework, Sustainability, 8, 43, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010043
• Lieder, M., & Rashid, A. (2016). Towards circular economy implementation: a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry. Journal of cleaner production, 115, 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.042
• Lurie-Luke, E. (2014). Product and technology innovation: What can biomimicry inspire?. Biotechnology advances, 32(8), 1494-1505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.002
• Luttenberger, L. R. (2020). Waste management challenges in transition to circular economy—Case of Croatia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 120495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120495
• MacArthur, E. (2013). Towards the circular economy, economic and business rationale for an accelerated transition. Ellen MacArthur Foundation: Cowes, UK. https://kidv.nl/media/rapportages/towards_a_circular_economy.pdf?1.2.1
• MacKinnon, R. B., Oomen, J., & Pedersen Zari, M. (2020). Promises and presuppositions of biomimicry. Biomimetics, 5(3), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5030033
• Magazzino, C., Mele, M., Schneider, N., & Sarkodie, S. A. (2021). Waste generation, wealth and GHG emissions from the waste sector: Is Denmark on the path towards circular economy?. Science of the Total Environment, 755, 142510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142510
• McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2010). Cradle to cradle: Remaking the way we make things. North point press, pp. 208.
• Morelli, J. (2011). Environmental Sustainability: A Definition for Environmental Professionals. Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.14448/jes.01.0002
• Mohan, S. V., Dahiya, S., Amulya, K., Katakojwala, R., & Vanitha, T. K. (2019). Can circular bioeconomy be fueled by waste biorefineries—A closer look. Bioresource Technology Reports, 7, 100277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100277 Muscat, A., de Olde, E. M., Ripoll-Bosch, R., Van Zanten, H. H., Metze, T. A., Termeer, C. J., ... & de Boer, I. J. (2021). Principles, drivers and opportunities of a circular bioeconomy. Nature Food, 2(8), 561-566. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00340-7
• Namlis, K. G., & Komilis, D. (2019). Influence of four socioeconomic indices and the impact of economic crisis on solid waste generation in Europe. Waste management, 89, 190-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.012
• Neves, S. A., & Marques, A. C. (2022). Drivers and barriers in the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 341, 130865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130865
• Pauli, G. A. (2010). The blue economy: 10 years, 100 innovations, 100 million jobs. Paradigm publications, pp. 336.
• Pawlyn, M. (2019). Biomimicry in architecture. London: RIBA Publishing, pp.1-36.
• Ragiel, S., & Phillips, R. (2018). The Circular Economy: How architects and designers can contribute to reducing waste. Construction Specifier. https://www.constructionspecifier.com/the-circular-economy/
• Srubar, W. (2020). Buildings grown by bacteria – new research is finding ways to turn cells into mini-factories for materials. https://theconversation.com/buildings-grown-by-bacteria-new-research-is-finding-ways-to-turn-cells-into-mini-factories-for-materials-131279
• Tan, E. C., & Lamers, P. (2021). Circular bioeconomy concepts—a perspective. Frontiers in Sustainability, 2, 701509. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2021.701509/full
• Tóth Szita, K. (2017). The application of life cycle assessment in circular economy. Hungarian Agricultural Engineering, 31, 5-9. https://doi.org/10.17676/HAE.2017.31.5
• URL-1: United Nations: https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2017-05-30/secretary-general-climate-action-delivered, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-2: United Nations: https://sdgs.un.org/goals, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-3: United Nations: From Concept to Practice: https://www.un.org/en/ga/second/73/jm_conceptnote.pdf, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-4: Kenniskaarten: https://kenniskaarten.hetgroenebrein.nl/en/knowledge-map-circular-economy/how-is-a-circular-economy-different-from-a-linear-economy/, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-5: Business4goals: https://www.business4goals.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/%C4%B0sletmeler-icin-Dongusel-Ekonomi-Rehberi.pdf son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-6: Circulardesignguide: https://www.circulardesignguide.com/post/loops, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-7: Ellen MacArthur Foundation: https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/topics/circular-economy-introduction/overview, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-8: Iberdrola: https://www.iberdrola.com/social-commitment/circular-design, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-9: Business4goals: https://business4goals.org/PDF/Dongusel_Ekonomi_Rehberi.pdf, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-10: Ellen Macarthur Foundation: https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy-diagram, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-11: Eurostat: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/circular-economy#:~:text=What%20is%20the%20circular%20economy,minimising%20the%20generation%20of%20waste, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-12: Biofuture Platform: http://www.biofutureplatform.org/post/new-biofuture-report-global-greenhouse-gas-goals-out-of-reach-without-biofuels-and-bioproducts, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-13: Bioekonomy BW: https://www.biooekonomie-bw.de/en/bw/definition, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-14: Cifor: https://www.cifor.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Flyer%20-%20Knowledge%20Guide_Circular%20Bioeconomy-v4.pdf, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-15: European Commission: https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-area/environment/bioeconomy_en, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-16: World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/10/circular-bioeconomy-nature-reset/: son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-17: Biomimicry Institute: https://biomimicry.org/what-is-biomimicry/, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-18: Biolearn: https://biolearn.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NinePrinciplesofBiomimicry_EU.pdf, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-19: Circularity: https://circularitylive.com.au/community/how-the-circular-economy-uses-biomimicry-to-imitate-natural-systems/, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-20: Eastgate: http://www.mickpearce.com/Eastgate.html, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-21: Architecture Masterprize: https://architectureprize.com/winners/winner.php?id=3766, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-22: Buildipedia.com: https://buildipedia.com/aec-pros/featured-architecture/hok-vanderweil-process-zero-concept-building-as-green-asalgae, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-23: The Living: http://www.thelivingnewyork.com/?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-24: Architizer: https://architizer.com/projects/hy-fi/, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-25: Deutschland Land der Ideen: https://land-der-ideen.de/en/competitions/beyond-bauhaus/award-winners/nanocellulose-desert-shelter, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-26: NCArchitects: https://www.ncarch.com/en/Projects/140, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-27: Altervista: http://woodywood.altervista.org/nanocellulose-desert-shelter/?doing_wp_cron=1674194845.6202359199523925781250, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-28: Newtab-22: https://www.newtab-22.com/%EB%B3%B5%EC%A0%9C-material-sea-stone, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-29: Local works studio: https://localworksstudio.com/projects/shellcrete-transforming-sea-shells-into-low-carbon-materials/, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• URL-30: The James Dyson Award: https://www.jamesdysonaward.org/tr-TR/2020/project/aureus-aurora-renewable-energy-uv-sequestration/, son erişim: 17.03.2024.
• Vincent, J. F., Bogatyreva, O. A., Bogatyrev, N. R., Bowyer, A., & Pahl, A. K. (2006). Biomimetics: Its practice and theory. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 3(9), 471-482. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0127
• Wautelet, T. (2018). Exploring the role of independent retailers in the circular economy: a case study approach. European University for Economics and Management. (Unpublished Master-Thesis). eufom European University for Economics & Management A.s.b.l, Luxembourg.
• Wadia, A. P., & McAdams, D. A. (2010). Developing biomimetic guidelines for the highly optimized and robust design of complex products or their components. Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, 6, 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2010-28708
• Wadhwani, T. (2022). How the circular economy uses biomimicry to imitate natural systems. 17 Mart 2024 tarihinde https://acehub.org.au/news/how-the-circular-economy-uses-biomimicry-to-imitate-natural-systems adresinden erişildi.