Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Evsel Katı Atık Yönetimi: Kentsel ve Kırsal Belediyeler Arasında Karşılaştırmalı Bir Perspektif

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 57 - 65, 17.01.2026

Mücahit Doğan , İbrahim Alkara

Öz

Evsel katı atık yönetimi, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, halk sağlığı ve yerel yönetişim açısından giderek daha önemli bir politika alanı haline gelmiştir. Hızlı kentleşme, nüfus artışı ve değişen tüketim alışkanlıkları, özellikle belediyelerin atık yönetim sistemleri üzerinde ciddi bir baskı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kentsel ve kırsal belediyelerde evsel katı atık yönetimi uygulamalarını karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, evsel katı atık miktarı ve bileşimi, atık toplama ve bertaraf uygulamaları, kurumsal kapasite farklılıkları ve politika deneyimleri üzerine mevcut literatürü derleme yöntemiyle analiz etmektedir. Bulgular, kentsel alanlarda atık üretiminin ve geri dönüştürülebilir atık oranının daha yüksek olduğunu, kırsal alanlarda ise organik atıkların baskın olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, altyapı eksikliği, finansman yetersizliği ve yönetişim sorunlarının her iki bağlamda da atık yönetiminin etkinliğini sınırladığı görülmektedir. Çalışma, tek tip politika yaklaşımlarının yetersiz kaldığını ve kentsel ile kırsal belediyeler için yerel koşullara uyarlanmış, farklılaştırılmış atık yönetimi politikalarının geliştirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, hem akademik literatüre derleyici bir katkı sunmakta hem de belediyeler için uygulanabilir politika çıkarımları sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Evsel Katı Atık Yönetimi , Kentsel ve Kırsal Belediyeler , Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler , Yerel Yönetimler , Sürdürülebilirlik

Household Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Comparative Perspective between Urban and Rural Municipalities

Öz

Household solid waste management has become an increasingly important policy area in developing countries in terms of environmental sustainability, public health, and local governance. Rapid urbanization, population growth, and changing consumption patterns place significant pressure on municipal waste management systems. This study aims to examine household solid waste management practices in urban and rural municipalities in developing countries from a comparative perspective. Using a literature review approach, the study analyzes existing research on household solid waste generation and composition, waste collection and disposal practices, institutional capacity differences, and country-level policy experiences. The findings indicate that waste generation levels and the share of recyclable materials are generally higher in urban areas, whereas organic waste constitutes a dominant proportion of total waste in rural areas. Moreover, infrastructure deficiencies, limited financial resources, and governance-related challenges are identified as common constraints affecting the effectiveness of waste management systems in both contexts. The study demonstrates that uniform policy approaches are insufficient and highlights the necessity of developing differentiated waste management strategies tailored to local conditions in urban and rural municipalities. In this respect, the study provides a comprehensive review contribution to the academic literature and offers practical policy insights for local governments in developing countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Household Solid Waste Management , Urban and Rural Municipalities , Developing Countries , Waste Management Policies , Sustainability

Kaynakça

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